thank. you. hello and welcome to technology update despite our five senses not everything is quite what meets the eye this episode looks to shed some light on devices they give us a glimpse i was hiding just out of sight. remember the earth was the center of the

universe until copernicus and galileo came along man's origins were unknown before darwin changed everything and the notion that there was something smaller than an atom was nearly unthinkable until ernest rutherford. even today the quest to gaze beneath the surface just goes on and on. recently we took a peek through the glass walls of skolkovo as hypercube where many of russia's up and coming innovators had gathered to attend the annual prize award ceremony the competition sifted through roughly fifteen hundred clever ideas all looking to come home with one of the five top honors winners were crowned for the top i.t. project the leading innovation for helping society as well as a trio for best idea project and production ready invention but in addition to the award ceremony there was plenty of other innovation minded activity going on the previous finalists and runners up were also invited to show off the latest

developments on their path to full fledged startup land a few government officials were on hand to get an up close and personal view of the country's leading young minds and while the winners may have taken home to glory one of the top competitors from a past event you can price caught our eye. in the time since the competition these developers have turned their so-called electronic nose into a nascent business. spectrometer . device can help police save lives. from. drugs and other chemicals in the.

equipment. simply to get such machinery out into the field. as a result. evil doers. sniffer dogs have been used for this purpose for a long time now. they're great at explosive detection but they have one major disadvantage a dog is really only able to work a maximum of thirty minutes before needing a rest they can resume work only after six to eight hours with a dog isn't able to tell you the exact kind of substance it's found it can only signal that something is there by raising a poor or giving some other sign but then it's up to the explosives team to figure

it very often putting their own lives at risk to do so also every dog is different simply. to work in contrast detectors will work exactly the same. according to the developers. apart from their competitors is the. ability. to shoot. much of the. battery pack. in the. opposite direction. and.

by knowing how. to pass a fixed distance. field spectrometers can identify what's in the air around us. was a database of known compounds the ones in the system so far have been selected for their usefulness in the field of both the programmers here and. can add to recognizable compounds as needed. spectrometers exist many of those have one significant. traditionally these devices have radioactive substances. same principle in mind but then thought. any kind of substance actually didn't invent it we just made it so now it's a portable device and added new functionality to enable operators to use it

effectively in the failed. so far these developers have delivered more than two hundred of their cattle. at the moment they're under. cation with russia's interior ministry. clear orders from the country's biggest security agencies could start. potential terrorists only think we ought to worry about but in reality the most dangerous things might be hiding in the. so. that in mind we've come to this mosque or region institute to take a closer look at the molecular makeup of things not obvious to the naked eye. here at the institute of solid state physics scientists have developed a compact that we here at technology update hope would help us get to the bottom of some of the longest running to faith regarding popular soda brands have got to admit that i have delusions of unlocking secrets so to recipes and discovering known reported ingredients to my apparently untrained mind it seemed as if the

roman spectroscope developed here was the best way to get the answers that we were looking for. now in theory there's a wide array of potential methods of analysis each possessing its own benefits and shortcomings for example liquid and gas chromatograph are exceptionally precise. and expensive and there's mass spectrometry which also carries a pretty hefty price tag infrared spectrum scopes can be less expensive but demand a complex sample prep work and mostly excludes gas samples then there are traditional chemical analyses applications of which are more limited and require extensive training in many cases though spectroscopy is the best just not for investigating dark colored sodas. contains a coloring agent whose luminescence spectrum is too intense for us to observe any individual molecules vibrations that we would usually need to register in order to identify the composition of the substance in question in short the spectrum of the

coloring agent makes it impossible to observe any spectra of the combinational scattering which would be otherwise visible. but just because our idea was less than successful doesn't mean that the inspector are five thirty two as it's called on the market can't perform a litany of other tests to help massage my wounded pride showed that a soda free from colorings heals the results we were looking for the three main peaks correspond to water sugar and acid thank you. well this device can be used for nonscientific purposes that is for practical tasks as for example in the analysis of gemstones it's always interesting to know what impurities the gemstone has because they help us to find out more about the stone itself like to identify its origin. it sheaves this by creating and investigating what's called the roman scattering when a correctly tuned a laser beam hits the molecules they become excited and begin to vibrate that

scatters or refracts the laser light had a slightly altered wavelength the device is internal c.c.d. sensor measures the shift of the wavelength those alterations are then compared against the system's database of rom and shifts in terms of gyms it allows anyone operating the inspector five thirty two to tell if they're looking at a fake or something much more precious. one of the achievements we take pride in is the high spatial resolution of devices . this becomes especially apparent when the device is attached to a microscope. with a resolution of around one micro meter you can obtain an individual ion spectrum every square my current of the surface. this enables us to present ourselves as a major player on the serious scientific research device market. one of our

latest achievements is measuring graphing. but only devices such as ours can identify a layer of graphing which is this thin as one atom grows on the substrate material . so. the inspector team manages all this by employing a thirty make a whopping laser that emits a five hundred thirty two nanometer wavelength the c.c.d. sensor is designed to work at room temperature and has been specially designed to suppress other physical processes like raleigh scattering that can interfere. that means the resulting analysis is just as accurate as anything else out there on the market and does it in a matter of seconds and it's automatic recognition software alerts us to what's right in front of our noses put a knowable without specialized equipment even at places as idyllic as moscow's patriarch's pond their hidden dangers all around and the first that for protecting yourself against them is knowing the potential risks. to the plane they're

actually radioactive particles everywhere they come from the sun space and many naturally occurring objects to drive the point home disruption dosimeter developer showed elevated radioactivity from a simple statue we can measure the radiation right now background radiation is pretty low so ciro point zero eight but it will gradually go up. to ideal for that extremely compact dosimeter and you just saw was spurred on by the nuclear disaster in fukushima japan while the immediate threats to those in the vicinity were clear right away the experience has left many people concerned about extraordinary and every day radiation. looking for a way to give people more peace of mind this moscow based innovator got to work designing his own smartphone powered dosimeter the device can help people better understand the risks that simply aren't visible for example the paint used in this old compass still emits radioactive particles that are easily measurable but the

right equipment. right now we already have a whole line of software products and devices for various smart phones. cell phones laptops books with varying levels of complexity on the market from simpler and less expensive models to more sophisticated versions. but of course the idea of checking radiation levels is far from a new one ever since people understood the risk of radioactivity there's been the trusty but often cumbersome a geiger counter to measure it the device is characteristic clicking sound has long let the user know if the plate of food in front of him or her is safe to eat each audible click is an incoming radioactive particle being ionized since its introduction models have become more portable and simply taking that tradition into the future in the. next version of the meter.

which we're calling conductor version. we're also working on a totally new generation of the device which will employ a grapheme based sensor. at the moment though those plans are just that plans on paper to make the technological leap the company needs new investments which could be coming in the very near future at the end of january the company expects to hear back from about a sizable grant that could give them the resources they need to move those next generation radiation detectors from paper to the production line. the companies anxious to get that going because according to certain estimations there could be a major so. we can see fairly high demand across the world. especially in southeast asia and japan recently we ordered

a marketing research report from a japanese company basically based on very calculations they believe that if these devices were launched on the japanese market today in the first month we would sell around forty to fifty thousand of them and over the course of a year sales would total some five hundred thousand. from that point the market would stabilize and show its true capacity. overall. the japanese market is. ready to accept some three to six million devices per year. well annual global demand here and again this is according to the marketing research report would likely be around ten to fifteen million devices. and as a wise man once said knowing is half the battle. enables users to note on a unified map where they found increased levels of radiation that could then in theory be used to inform government agencies or interested citizens with

a handful of accidents ingrained in our collective memories that information is of concern to people all over the globe presently there are some one hundred seventy five million living within seventy five kilometers of major nuclear reactors of course everyone's hoping for fully safe operations but now your own dosimeter is never more than an arm's length away.

i've. seen.

welcome back to technology update identifying external threat is one thing but no

profession is more to gain by peer even with the surface than medicine with each new advance scientists are leveling the playing field against seemingly unseeable foes since we can really only observe the consequences or symptoms of most illnesses doctors have always had to rely on reading between the lines they can often only narrow in on our ailments by process of elimination but on the back of many giant leaps forward in the past century in d.c. now have a greater arsenal at their disposal. for example they can bombard our bodies with harmless ultrasonic waves showing the image in real time of their high frequency poses are good for monitoring pregnancies as well as blood flow in their radioactive isotopes which allow doctors to target specific organs often to check for cancer magnetic fields have also been mastered to keep an eye on soft tissues like the brain injured to. but the granddaddy of them. which has been giving doctors

a glimpse. for more than one hundred years. discovered by accident has highlighted how gaining new insight into what was previously out of reach. the revolution. with images becoming. past the name of the game now. in. the need to properly. make modern day. the latest x. ray equipment. the first big difference is the ability to refine the images. additionally increase the quantity as well as the quality of diagnoses.

all of it focused on getting. created. it was started in the late eighty's. over the decades has slowly but surely improved and expanded the product to the medical profession by the company's calculations it currently counts for about twenty five percent of the markets in which it operates. point one of its main offerings. the accuracy clarity most important. electrons to take certain precautions. so obviously.

these are a whole number of test objects that allow us to evaluate farias image parameters like this one which shows us the resolution that is the smallest objects you can see in a human body for example this test object is a specially made lead plate and has pairs of lines a different intervals within the space of one millimeter judging by how many line pairs we see we can figure out what the smallest element we can x. rate in the human body is there are also these objects that have varying densities which we use to conduct contrast sensitivity checks and there exists a great variety of such tests. in addition to offering traditional simple static snapshots these are equipped with a linear x. ray technology that allows easier scanning of mobility impaired patients and also enables technicians to focus in on one spot in particular by moving the detector along with the x. ray tube linear x.

rays minimize background image interference the next generation of technology that's been adopted the world over including a lot of russian hospitals that use it as well is computed to mow graffiti it involves scanning the patient's body to produce two more graphic images all slices of specific areas of the body then these individual layers of put together and could be looked at from any number of angles and certain parameters could be measured these cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes so that the doctor can get a full picture of the patient's condition but getting that three d. computed toma graph or c.t. image isn't so easy the circular scan only captures an area about twenty five millimeters wide so if the doc needs to check on a large section of the body it can take dozens of spins around. the world over there are really only a handful. companies that are capable of producing a quick list like this given the complexity and cost to develop it it should be no

great surprise that here electro has teamed up with philips. this is the first full cycle innovative partnership of its kind in russia and the russian side provided some fifteen percent of the components for the most part this included things like service aleutians and associated software. but today a contribution has risen to thirty percent and we are in the process of increasing it to as much as fifty percent. in other words we're gradually replacing foreign components with russian made ones. working to bring these new machines to the most. in two thousand and twelve the company. more than five hundred of their kids to hospitals and clinics around the country additionally electronic exports its equipment to thirty various nations across the globe however these. aren't the only

. investigators out there and some cases. is just what the doctor ordered which takes us to the physical institute in addition to the nuclear physicist peace laureate. researchers that received prizes in physics this institute just lose its historical importance stretching all the way back to the days of peter the great but at the moment the hottest topics hollowed halls is work on a revolutionary kind of magnetic resonance imaging machine. much like the computer . scanners give doctors and. the structures of. other. electromagnetic radiation exceptionally powerful magnets to redirect the alignment of hydrogen atoms in our bodies and eventually give a detailed account of the internal. what we do

here is considered a priority for the limited physical institutes that is currently the biggest medical project being developed by the russian academy of sciences. it is also actively supported by the ministry of industry and trade. provided a grant to stimulate and implement this project. but the real heart is. around the human. field that makes the hole in. the primary. which eliminates resistance only to. a liquid he. doesn't actually get. it just.

such a construction has numerous advantages the first among them are economic for one thing by cutting pricey helium out of the equation significantly reducing it these images are much cheaper to produce in operate in russia the liquefied gas costs around twenty five dollars per liter which adds seventy five to one hundred thousand dollars to the initial price what's more. any time soon. started to dwindle making them more helium. then there's the fact that monitoring and maintaining several leaders of super cold liquid helium requires specially trained staff and separating the cooling unit from the complex set of other useful benefit this kind of m.r.i. machine is very small and highly compact you need just little is nine square meters of space to install it's all a big m.r.i. can take up to forty. the hospitals and clinics this is important as it's difficult

to totally reconfigure a launch area. the institute is currently about halfway to the finish line with the cutting edge. they've already finished developing.

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front in these are the images world world has been seeing from the streets of canada. the giant corporations are the day.