hello and welcome to cross talk where all things considered i'm peter lavelle to cyprus bailing is this government theft in broad daylight is applying a levy on depositors the answer to this small islands financial woes or is it a means to tax russians using cyprus as a legal tax haven and most importantly can europeans trust their banks anymore. to cross out the cyprus financial crisis i'm joined by michael burke in london he is an economic consultant and a former senior international economist with citi bank and in washington we crossed the shares are graeme and she is a professor of international finance and director of the european union research center at george washington university all right cross talk rules in fact that

means you can jump in anytime you want to go to washington first you said this is moral hazard this is what's going on in cyprus right now can you explain that please sure sure the you know this is unprecedented what is happening right now in a financial crisis the one the one entity you protect or all the small savers and they're getting hit this time so most the small savers will be hit by a six point seven five percent tax and exchange they'll be given shares off that very bank and that's not has it i don't know what is so you have to give money to a bank that sixty already knew this is what's going on. it's extortion absolutely right and the worst part is that that is and the worst part is that the bondholders the financial institutions that lent money to the banks are not being touched this time but this is all about the germans and the russians actually ok michael where do you come in on this here because we've heard it's moral hazard why it's

extortion go ahead i can't disagree that it's extortion what normally happens when a bank fails. is the shareholders lose their money for reasons and then in a legal order the different types of bond holder get burnt and then the case of. european banks should next be the central bank and the european central bank loses the money it's lent to the supreme commercial banks on the no circumstances should it be the depositors' who trusted the banks with good faith with my so i mean let me go there why why were they going with this variant then i mean if it's so unprecedented and so politically wrong morally wrong why are they going with it. as number of reasons but effectively because they can. the whole purpose the whole purpose of the bailouts in europe but i mean one of the key things about the

bailouts in the european union is that it's the countries themselves are not being by all dealt and i think it's really crucial to understand it's the creditors that are being bailed out bondholders to the governments and the people in those countries see none of this money and in fact they have austerity measures loaded on them which makes the economic situation worse in all cases it's about the preservation of some type of shareholder or bond holder or some other type of creditor and in this case the reason that they've been burned is one because no deposits or of any major european country big country has their money in these banks and because they're not going to get hurt by doing so or at least they feel they're not going to get we will wait and see on that one shares i do agree with that it's an interesting analysis i do but i i do but i think that there is

a lot more going on behind the scenes number one you know the ten billion dollar bailout that i.m.f. and the e.u. is giving cyprus has to be matched by the cyprus government coming up with a close to seven billion themselves the problem is they don't have the money and the only way they can get it out is out of their depositors now on the other side of the equation the germans will only agree to this bailout if the russians depositors which is a lot is about thirty billion dollars worth of russian money in those banks they don't get away scot free so this is a little bit of behind the scenes politics happening here in terms of who is getting hit i'm not sure that's michael but it's quite i mean a lot of russians are not have me about your head michel. not happy but if i don't it's because of deposits in the cypriot central bank says up to seventy billion in deposits in cypriot banks seven billion is held by russian nationals that may be not underestimate but certainly nothing more than double that out of seventy billion now it's quite true that russian entities have loaned money to the. cypriot

banks but it's a different matter overwhelmingly the people who are getting burned by this tax on depositors are cypriots. and the notion that. russian oligarchs and so on are being burned by this is really put about in germany in order to justify the very harsh treatment of cypriot savers chair down what do you think about that because i mean we should go ahead but i you know i think that there's a there's more money involved here there's there's close to about thirty billion of russian money they're estimating twenty billion losses for russian deposits themselves and remember that it's a range of tax that they are implying anybody with over one hundred thousand euros will be charged close to ten percent there is no other way around this they have to raise the money unfortunately they're going after also the small deposit i don't think it's nationalize the banks just nationalize the banks why not. well tell you

what's already happening is all money will be leaving these banks no southern european country is going to have a foreign deposit in there anymore michael what do you think about that malta is the next destination right. well i thought that to go back to your previous question because i don't think it was answered actually. why not just nationalize why not just nationalize the banks that question what was posed but not answered and i think a good reason for that because as i said at the outset the whole purpose of all these bailout is to preserve the shareholders and the bond holders now what should have happened is a bank goes bust because what's happened to cypriot banks the shareholders should be wiped out then the bondholders should be wiped out if that's what's required and then the lending of the cypriot central bank and the european central bank should have taken a hit if that had been done in the correct order the the two central bank entities

would have lost about. seventeen percent of their funds that they've lent to the cypriot commercial banks of course being central banks especially the c. be in charge of the whole process they can just print that and one of the leading economists who's gone to cyprus to help out with the crisis says in european terms this is a rounding error these are tiny so money so it's not the case at all cyprus had to come up with the money if they wanted to. the european central bank or other european agencies could have easily found this money. choose not to and they're the big beneficiaries that's the key thing german businesses are the biggest beneficiaries in the world of the existence of the euro but unwilling to put their hands in their pockets to ensure its survival and with moves like this it's going to send a shockwave through savers through all the so-called peripheral europe in economies

and that can't be good for the preservation of the euro from which german businesses benefit so much tears i'm going to react to that do you agree or disagree with what we just heard. yeah i mean i agree with almost ninety percent of was just been said i just think that if you believe that careful angela merkel is coming up for elections and this is yet another bailout small as it is and i think michael's absolutely right you know what we really are afraid off no matter how small cypresses is the vibrations into a larger financial markets and we saw that yesterday and we might even see that today and that's the real danger here that that might hold true in other easy a nonevent a bailout into something much bigger which airs out of it is a big event for the people there that's the difference i guess yes absolutely but you know this is again for the first time we're directly hitting the small savers is that a good idea you know is that a good idea is a dental is that a good idea or you think it's absolutely horrible insane. absolutely

insane michael what do you think. they didn't they didn't cause the problems ok biggest trust of the bank was their only mistake. shareholder capitalism is supposed to work by you provide as a shareholder you provide the funds to. any company including bangs and you allow the management of that company to run it in ultimately your best interests and they get very well rewarded for doing so if they really recklessly lenders the cypriot banks through. you all the people or you the shareholders are supposed to be the people that take the losses that's what couple is supposed to work your supposed year but also you see. some of the particularly here again taking a risks. you should take a really good news no because the something go ahead jump in. yeah you hit on

something i think one of things that's going to happen out of all of this is the europeans don't have a euro wide f.d.i.c surance for depositors small depositors say about one hundred thousand euro and i think this is what's going to be fast tracked after this event michel even though would be a good idea. because the small might be that the problem with insurance agencies like the if we're not the problem but the issue of the i.c. and agencies like that is they work because you never need them because you can say it was no and in fact all savers know that even if one small bank or even a medium sized bank goes bust you know your money is safe because if the i.c. exists and therefore all savers in a country like the states don't rush to the exit. the e.u. issued a directive that they would stand behind all depositors for one hundred for the first hundred thousand euros that type of insurance program works like that you

know you don't actually need the money in a pot it works because those obligations are honored if you start then to bridge that on a it doesn't really matter how much money you've got in the pot what's to stop so we had a situation where a another country let's not get into who that might be next but if if that country its banks are in trouble and or its government is in trouble how do the savers in that country know that even if that were the existence of insurance fund the creditors are going to demand that the depositors get burned in the process of buying out the creditors and shareholders they can't know that because the principle is now been established that small savers can be hit shares i do you think that's fair. look of course it's not fair the bottom line is when the banks open whether it's thursday or next week in cyprus cyprus is going to take a very big hit because of this model they made a mistake between the i.m.f. and the european union the fact that they've made this into such

a proposition that is so odd of the ordinary and so rapidly unfair in any sense i'm going to jump in here we're going to go to a short break and after that short break continue or discussion on cyprus ok. you receive. your bank. account with zero if you. choose to. choose.

choose the stories but if you. choose. to. when their own country can't offer them a living loving mothers sometimes have to leave their children behind. i don't like . the dream of millions of migrants the children might choose their own motherland. i want my children to win over moscow. russia has become their stepmother land. to find a way home. i

. welcome back to cross talk are all things considered i'm peter lavelle to remind you we're discussing the cyprus bailout program.

ok we're now joined by matthew bose learn new york he is a market reporter for business insider thank you for being with us if i go to new york should we europeans trust banks now after what's happening in cyprus credibility issue well i think that's a big question right i mean we're you know we're sort of looking for any signs of deposit outflows that sort of thing in other per for all countries like spain and italy i don't think we've really seen anything like that yet and i'm not sure that you know given the special case that cyprus is just the banking system the way it's funded with deposits versus liabilities i'm not sure that the rest of europe necessarily has to be worried from this particular incident if that makes sense cheers and if you are a spaniard an italian would you be worried. not as much and you know like the math you just said that cyprus is a special case but cyprus is is now in real trouble when the banks open on thursday . so i do think that we will have problems as we go down the line this is just the

beginning. cyprus yes absolutely there's no question that when the banks open you're going to see an exodus of money even because people are scared no one's taking a chance what's going to happen the week after because we saw how the greek crisis unfolded from one day to the next you didn't know what was going on and so anyone who can will probably take all their money out especially foreign depositors and this is of course going to hurt the cyprus economy and the small depositor in multitude of ways so michael is it fear now more than anything else where you're sure i mean we've focused a little bit on small savers but they're not the only savers just on them you know if you were a bar owner or a taxi driver or something are you going to take a check from someone you going to take a. credit card payment i doubt it now but actually know what going to get is a growth of the cash economy amongst. small shopkeepers and so on but the really

big thing is the large corporations who have deposits they very large deposits often turned over on a on a weekly or even daily basis based on maintaining large deposits of banks for source of cash payments including payroll payments or they can add to where they can put their money because they're going to get here. that doesn't apply just to cyprus that applies all across the board if i was a saver. in any of these countries yes i would be worried because i wouldn't know i would be certain what happens and to be honest the reassurances that this is unique what has been lots of unique events happened in this course of this crisis and you know what the end of the of the do we need to become routine matthew that's a very interesting routine it's been done the president has made sure absolutely i think. but there's no question that the cypriot banking system right just because

of its liability structure is unique in that sense whether it's unique in that other creditors will be subjected to bail and down the line in other banking systems that remains to be seen in terms of the liability structure i think it's safe to say that cyprus is a unique case sure it's not why you see every case different can you explain that while the impetus of the crisis usually is different in every economy and the macro economic data for every country in terms of the growth rates and the g.d.p. and this size is all different you know cyprus is unique in the sense because the russians are there and this is one of the reasons why the foreign and the foreign minister for from the finance minister from cyprus is lending in moscow right now there is a very big issue don't forget the russians have also given the cypriot government a two point five billion dollar loan which is now trying to be renegotiated that's

michael you know in the russians are not very happy about that they gave a loan and now they're going to have to take a haircut i think it will probably leave. yeah. but again you know people talk about unique to is entirely entirely unique when iceland went under iceland had a series of loans from scandinavian countries and from russia. it's not something unique to cyprus and to russia they're very closely intertwined in terms of their banking you know if you started to lift the rug under what's. inside u.k. banking you might find something very similar with a whole not just one country with a whole series a whole series of countries so you know this relationship that people want to regard is unique between cyprus and russia is far less so when one delves into. the banking systems of other countries unless of course you're going to say well

they're unique to and in you know we're all unique. matthew where do we go from here with the you're going to go ahead jump in. this is not about the loan that the russians have given this is about russian deposits in cypriot banks and the russians actually have gotten pretty lazy about using cyprus as an offshore banking system they should have expanded and sort of moved their assets around a little bit. it's right because it's very convenient a lot of legitimate business is really like that matthew. michael you want to jump in. it's not factually correct to the level of the polls it's in the banks it's seventy billion euros and the cypriot central bank says the russian deposits are one tenth of the seven billion euros some private sector estimates put it but still it's not the case that these are russian deposits from the total deposits matthew what is the future of the what makes the situ is what makes the situation unique

well does it make the right anybody have to put those dip in the moody's is put those deposits at thirty percent for russians ok i've read the same thing we i guess we're not going to resolve that issue on this program right now matthew where does the euro go now it's going to reform go for the euro because it keeps the currency keep bumping along from crisis to crisis to crisis is this going to come to an end is it any closer to the end it's a good question you know i think one of the other interesting things to consider here is just the e.u.'s willingness to include depositors in this haircut and what that means for other senior creditors down the line right because sort of one of the justifications for this is that it doesn't put as much pressure on the credit worthiness of the sovereign in this case cyprus right so they don't have to backstop this bank bailout with their own credit as much as they would have to have depositors didn't take a haircut so i think if this is a sign that the e.u. is willing to bail in senior creditors more in the future it could be

a good thing for the euro area because they need to restructure their debts right they keep fighting a debt problem with more debt and that hasn't really been working out so far shares where's the trust level here now because the banks are the institutions are supposed to trust. you can't now and you know you're absolutely right you know and i think the people who are the most afraid in southern europe right now are the small savers and small business owners and the question is you know where do you go and there is nowhere else to go you have to park your money with the bank if you're going to engage in the economy and so this haircut is going to be mandatory i suspect that at some point between now and tomorrow they'll try to ease that burden off the small savers and lower that percentage if not eradicated for the very small savers michael again the same question of trust is it different now. there sure is i mean deposit deposits was seen your creditors bailing in

depositors opened up a world of trouble for themselves and it is just wholly unnecessary if you continue to have the starting point that everything's going to be fine as long as we preserve shareholders and bondholders and they're going to carry on with this mess if they're going to say instead of which. capitalism is a rough old game and if you make bad decisions you make losses and you've got to pay the penalty then with the clearing up of votes that you can start to see the places for recovery but the economic policies are hopeless as well so that would have to change radically as well ok well matthew that sounds like leaving the banking system in the hell with the people. certainly we're seeing that a little bit in cyprus but you know as was said i think you know hopefully they will revise this sort of the distribution of this haircut and take take the burden off of the smaller depositors and make it sort of fairer in that sense right. ok

share aside what is the future of the currency here because it seems to me they just have no idea what they really want to do they're just afraid of collapse and that's not a very good agenda. the problem is this that the europeans have a muddling through for almost three years and finally we saw some light at the end of the tunnel here last november with mario draghi and now they've done it again you know that look at what's going on in europe right now greece is still trying to manage their bailout and they're not doing a good job of it spain's in severe economic crisis in a political scandal there's no government italy this was the wrong time to take a very small amount of bailout money and mess it up and that's exactly what they've done this could have been done very very easily and quietly and contained but the vibrations are going to be felt now michael a not too much michel when you think about in december look like things are getting better i mean. well people saying things were getting better but that's only if

people think the world is a. share prices bond yields the reality is the economic situations been getting worse yes virtually every euro area economy contracted remember last year they could try to do as a whole and all forecasts are negative for this year so that the actual economic situation continues to deteriorate alyson until there's a radical change in policy that's not going to alter fundamentally the problem of the european union is they want to have a continental sized economy. a continental sized money and monetary policy while maintaining small national area of fiscal policies which can't be done you need big transfers between areas and regions as happens in united states as happens in countries like russia india china you know even small countries like britain those attract there's a transfer the fiscal transfer between regions if you're unwilling to do. then you

always got to have a central force towards breakup of the single currency area germany and german businesses basically have to decide if they want to carry on with this they've got stop paying for it ok i have to jump live run out of time fascinating discussion many thanks today to my guests in london new york and in washington and thanks to our viewers for watching us here arky see you next time and remember. as. we speak your language. or music programs and documentaries in spanish

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