coming up on r t the guantanamo bay hunger strike is expanding more detainees have decided to take part in the strike as the u.s. and xstrata call help to the dutch a detention facility will look at the situation next. and chicago retail and fast food workers go on strike they want higher wages and the right to form a union so what are the odds those demands will be met will question more. and in new york pepper spraying and punching people will only earn you a slap on the wrist if you are caught that is to n.y.p.d. officers who were caught on tape on an occupy wall street protesters will not face charges so how can that be that story in just a bit. it's thursday a free for people in d.c.

i'm going lopez and you are watching r t. well the situation one ton of obey continues to grow more dire by the day for detainees as they forge on through their hunger strike lieutenant colonel samuel house has now acknowledged that ninety four of the one hundred sixty six detainees are now participating in this hunger strike seventeen of those ninety four men are being given liquid nutrients through a nasal tube in order to prevent weight loss in a recent new york times op ed piece one of the detainees described what it was like to be force fed through one of these tubes. said quote i will never forget the first time they passed the feeding tube up my nose i can't describe how painful it is to be force fed this way as it was thrust in it made me feel like throwing up i wanted to vomit but i couldn't there was agony in my chest throat and stomach i had never experienced such pain before i would not wish this cruel punishment upon anyone now the united nations human rights commission considers force feeding

a form of torture. it's physicians from using the technique as well so to talk more about the ethics of force feeding and the situation at guantanamo bay james jones joined me just a short time ago he's a former u.s. ambassador to mexico and current co-chair of the constitution project's task force on detainee treatment and he began by talking about why he believes the detainee is are on a hunger strike. the hunger strike comes from the fact that they have lost hope many of these as you know more than half of them have been cleared for release but they haven't been released and most of them haven't had any kind of a trial or any kind of adjudication of claims against them so i think it's that's a big factor in what's going on in the hunger strike as far as the treatment. right now our hard task force was not able to look at that because that's happened since we actually include our. instances of torture among prisoners at guantanamo bay and

with found in previous activities force feeding at the time which amounted to earlier the amount of the torture and there's always been questions over on what type of a fax these types of tactics how her feeding force feeding in general a typically how the on the protesters and also the effects of the hunger strike we actually spoke to a doctor recently i studios and we are going to play a quick clip from him and then come back to get your opinion you know if you look at past. you know the word hunger strike it's kind of a misnomer because after about forty eight to seventy two hours what happens is you start breaking down your fatty acids and you get ketosis and as these ketones are floating around in your body it actually takes away the sensation so you're actually after a couple of days you're not hungry or so the word hunger strike is actually a misnomer. now that was a little bit of

a medical explanation of it we have heard in the past that it is extremely painful and despite the fact that all these inmates are using this as a protest method and it's by the fact that they have done this in the past and have actually died nothing has really changed in guantanamo bay will this protest really change anything or what will it take in order to spur action or change he one of the first things you could be done to change would be for the sort of. defense to sign an order releasing the for the half of the prisoners there who are government all such and our government find no reason to keep holding i think that would give some sense that there that there's not indefinite detention for all the prisoners there so that's one point the other point that i think needs to be done is the use of medical personnel there is a life in all of these detention or many of these detention issues a lack of confidence with the doctor patient relationship and i think that

relationship has to be reestablished in line with the with medical ethics so that the doctor can explain to the prisoner the the actual harm that's being done to the body by going on these under strikes it's a matter of at a time when they have a rational. ability to make decisions so i think that's that's those two things would help a whole lot sure now as we had mentioned in the beginning here constitution project has focused on torture in this report and one of the things that it talked about in chapter six was the world medical association declaration of a multi and i know that prisoners if they are willing to die in a hunger strike if they set out that guideline before and it's not ethical for medical personnel to intervene and really i just stop them and also talk about the fact that fighting should lose if they do take an actually resist the torture and yet there you are resist the method. and yet they are using this on most of them

and they're also using their strength can you talk about the restraints and how that adds to the aspect of this twitter classification well i think what we found in many instances not at all but in many instances was that the restraint the putting it having these prisoners put in position. standing up for many hours at a time of sleep deprivation all those kinds of things all that added up to real torture by any legal definition or international treaty definition and. although we're not a signatory i don't believe to the mall to agreement the fact is it conforms with our own. principles and i think we should be following along the obama administration back in two thousand and nine sent a d.o.j. we are to do our review and see and they found it to be unlawful and humane so that obviously contradicts what your report is saying can you talk about this

juxtaposition well i think one of the things that lawful and humane is when a person at the end of the so-called hunger strike is has no ability to resist or anything else the question then is which is more ethical to let the person die or to help that person to live and to feed that person and for speeding away it's a different kind of force in that particular point in a person's life and that's a very tough ethical question the general feeling in the international community is that person if they had they known been counseled on what the effects were should be allowed to have people die there's a strong resistance to that so i think it's a tough ethical question and as i had mentioned more than half of the prisoners are actually being kept in guantanamo bay have been cleared for release but because of their two. russians to yemen they are not seeing that type of freedom and bassam

james jones he's the former u.s. ambassador to mexico and current co-chair of the constitution's project's task force on detainee treatment thank you for joining us thank you and as i had just mentioned as we were talking about with jones jones the majority of the detainees being held at guantanamo bay detention facility have not been charged with any crimes or seen a in court many of them have been cleared for release but because of travel restrictions to yemen specific they have not yet been freed also the number of detainees participating in the hunger strike and the exact dates that that actually started those details are all very murky for an in-depth look at the information coming out of the international correspondent reports. the military has been updating the numbers since the middle of march saying at the beginning that there were fourteen people on strike the detainees defense lawyers have been saying all along there were many more around one hundred thirty they would say earlier this month the president tried to put an end to the strike by putting the inmates in

solitary confinement authorities said they raided the communal living area and force the detainees into individual cells to prevent them from covering cameras help the number has doubled since then according to the officials again the numbers that we've been getting from defense lawyers were different all along out of one hundred sixty six guantanamo prisoners eighty six have been cleared for release so the sole reason they're still held captive is their nationality i had the chance to ask the acting assistant secretary on human rights about this collective punishment based on nationality here's what she said the president has made clear his commitment to closing guantanamo to be done in accordance with u.s. law in consultation with the congress so it has to refer you back to their statements by the white house and the spokesman that it's not just about those who have been cleared for release but many other inmates have never been formally accused of anything defense lawyers say it's been a dead end for them trying to get their clients out whenever asked about these

issues the administration gets the same response it refers to congress but the lawyers say even with the transfer restrictions in place the current law still allows for the administration to use waivers to release some of these men but they for some reason don't use those it's really not clear what can change the status quo at this point an advisor for the pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to deaths so a long time muslim a divide on that who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one deaths and then he added that the detail. squalled wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered camors end of thought and the question many now ask is what if someone really doesn't see this hunger strike will change something in washington i'm going to pick up. all the west texas now where

investigators are still trying to piece together the events that led up to a deadly explosion at a local fertilizer plant now up until this point the only thing that investigators have been able to rule out with any certainty is the idea that natural causes ignited the fire president obama first and the first lady attended the memorial service earlier today to remember the fourteen people who were killed in the blast some of those bodies have yet to be identified or to correspondent ramon lindo has been in west texas following the story closely he brings us exclusive footage from the site and the town's emotional story. a.t.f. agents pay a solemn tribute to the first responders killed in the west fertilizer plant explosion the blast site they are sifting through is filled with metal the crater is nearly one hundred feet wide and ten feet deep fire trucks at the site are barely recognizable but the hundred yards from the fertilizer company an apartment

complex and playground have become piles of rubble many of the streets which are closest to the fertilizer plant are still off limits however we are starting to get a better picture of the damage which was causing look behind me that's the actual plant where the fire started you can see major damage to some tanks just to give you an idea of how potentially deadly this could have been just to this other side is the west intermediate school that was in session at the time of the explosion and residents of this small town are very grateful for that had the children been there this would have been a much deadlier tragedy but to tarp is covering a rail car which contained the book tentatively explosive ammonium nitrate however investigators say it was not the source of the initial explosion. other than that we don't know the exact location of each other q mccool's on the plant that's part of the investigation so we don't have any specifics as to exactly what chemicals

were where within the facility as residents clean up and assess the damage are to obtained exclusive video inside the auditorium of west middle school the ceilings collapse and a building has been sealed off because not structurally safe outside shattered windows of the brick schoolhouse a haunting feel a lot of people in this community here are heroes. lives about a half mile from platte at the time of the explosion he was at home with his wife and his first came out it was it was it was total chaos i mean it was people just running and screaming and hollering you know. running into the streets coming out their homes people just shot this out suffered major damage but he thinks god his family didn't get hurt we have it done table it was here i was sitting up against the wall so when explosion floated shots that cost of all that here my wife was in the restroom at the time oh yes is eternally grateful for the firefighters who responded to the fire at the western allies are playing not knowing that it would

be there still call. funerals for the victims will continue in the coming days as will remain in texas to figure out of tragedies like the one it was going to be avoided. in west texas ramon galindo. and now to the latest developments in the boston marathon bombing investigation and a press conference earlier today mike michael bloomberg the mayor of new york and police commissioner ray kelly confirmed that suspected bombers. have targeted new york city and more specifically times square as the science of their next attack. revealed this information to the f.b.i. late last night claiming his brother intended to quote party in the new york area

than changed his story and told them about a spontaneous plan to travel to new york in order to use the remaining explosives but that's an area i did not go as planned after the owner of their hijacked vehicle actually escaped the car and called police this latest news comes on the heels of potential failure in the u.s. information sharing systems if it conducted jerry warns that systems in their current form would not prevent a terrorist attack the audit labeled those systems themselves as high risk now the issue of communication has been thrust. even further into the spotlight as reports continue to surface of multiple warnings issued by the russian government prompting the u.s. to play suspected bomber tunnel once or not i have on the terrorist watch list back in moscow russian president vladimir putin i actually gave his perspective on the bombings calling for closer cooperation between the two countries common americans are not to be blamed they don't understand what is happening here i am addressing

them our citizens to say that russia too is a victim of international terrorism i was always a poll when our western partners and the western media labeled terrorists who committed bloody crimes that our country is in service and almost never as terrorists these groups received intelligence financial and political support sometimes directly and sometimes in directly we said declarations merely proclaiming terrorism a common threat were not enough we must get the job done those two have proven our position all too we'll some u.s. politicians not u.s. leaders or even attempting to announced. a prisoner of war are they out of their minds what kind of p.o.w. whiskey do they fight this civil war between the north and the south again it's just nonsense i'm single is not to apportion blame but the cole for bringing the

u.s. and russia closer together to resist common threats of which terrorism is one and most dangerous if we truly join our efforts we will prevent such strikes and such losses suffered but if you get on the investigation as it continues. well hungry chicago residents might have noticed that fast food lines are moving a little slower than usual on wednesday that's because workers from nearly a dozen food chains and retail stores walked off the job for a one day strike. yes that. yes. yes. the protesters are fighting for higher wages and what they have deemed the fight for fifteen dollar campaign the protesters demanding exactly what the title suggests fifteen dollars an hour as a minimum wage for workers right now many of those people are making between eight

and ten dollars per hour they also want the right to form a union well for more on the strikers who they are and what they're demanding from employers i'm actually talking mike a trick his use an editor at joke of in and contributing editor at these times hey there michael first of all how big is this strike how many participate it's from how many different employers actually joined in. there are about three hundred workers according to organizers who walked off the job yesterday and it was focused mostly on the downtown area the loop in chicago which is you know the heart of retail. commerce in general for the city and i'm not sure how many locations there were was very widespread and there were workers orders from other unions and community organizations that were really present large numbers throughout the whole day and michael let's go a little bit further into why they were protesting i want to know where they are

protesting their situation at their individual jobs or certain ways in general in chicago. well i think a lot of these workers spent years in these kind of low wage retail and fast food jobs and never got anywhere and they were kind of horror stories yesterday told by workers who had been put in ten twenty years of some fast food place and were still making that much more than the minimum wage so there seem to be an understanding on the part of these workers that while they may have individual problems of their individual workplace there's a larger system of low wage work that never goes up it never approaches what could be considered a living wage for them in retail and fast food in general and it's hard to imagine surviving off of eight dollars i understand a lot of those people are actually using food fans and the fact is that both the retail and the fast food industries are the fastest growing highest grossing lowest paying type of industries in the entire country so let me ask you how does that minimum wage in chicago compare to the rest the country well the minimum wage in

chicago is eight dollars and twenty five cents which is obviously lower than the federal minimum wage lower than places like san francisco that have a minimum wage of over ten dollars an hour but you know your point about food stamps is an important one i mean when workers make a mint of money like a twenty five an hour which doubles that far lower than minimum wage than a living wage the government has to subsidize. those wages in order for them to be able to do things like pray for the food so in fact we have government subsidizing corporations who are paying these below a living wage that workers like in fast food and retail and let me ask you this strike was influenced by a similar fast that actually happened in new york city pretty recently so how does this movement spread even further throughout the country. only yesterday there were workers from fast food and retail in other cities around the quest for folks who made announcement as being from st louis from detroit really from milwaukee so it's

clear that there is a large number of workers in various cities around the country or very frustrated with being walked into the job that are never going to be able to pay them a minimum wage especially at a well paying jobs. are decreasing and these kind of minimum wage or low wage jobs are increasing in the economic recovery so i don't think the organizers are going to have a hard time finding people who are angry about their working conditions in the cities might be a check excessed an editor at djokovic and contributing editor at in these times thank you for that analysis you well remember this video that came out during the early days of the occupy wall street movement in new york. because it's always. the place. or how about this video of a police officer punching

a protester think about it. the for. the first snow here that the manhattan district attorney decided that the two n.y.p.d. officers featured in these videos will not face charges the d.a. cited a lack of evidence in both cases a statement relieving both officers of any charges was quietly released last week much to the disappointment of the protesters involved in those incidents chelsea elliott was one of the people featured in those that i was enjoys enough to talk about this decision decision by the d.a. heidar chelsea is so let's start with your immediate reaction when you learned that the offer that pepper sprayed you and that was just on a video was not charged. i was very shocked and disappointed i mean the cli was pretty karlee of the da to just do whatever the n.y.p. wanted them to it's also really odd because the n.y.p.d.

felt that at least in my case anthony actions were so out of line that they refused to cover his legal expenses yet the da is refusing to criminally prosecute him so i think in both of these cases the n.y.p.d. is basically evading responsibility and as i understand it at the people on you know actually confessed to what he had done. inside the actual investigations so let me ask you how would you like to see these officers punished your officer in your particular case i would like to see him punished just like any other citizen that with assault another civilian in the same manner sure you know what has been your role in finding evidence and staying on top of this case since the incident more than a year ago. i mean i have cooperated with police by providing my testimony and everything i remember from the events and also i there's tons of evidence there's multiple years on the internet of them happened leading up to and after the event is there anything further but you're planning on doing any action that you're

planning on taking legal in order to get the justice that you feel like you deserve . me and several of the other women that were in my incident are pursuing civil cases and now what's the current stand status of those. i really sure exactly where the cases are themselves. will be now the occupy movement sought to create a greater accountability on behalf of the ninety nine percent time and again we saw police officers brutally committed the actions that they committed against these protesters in new york and elsewhere can you glean anything about the occupy successes or failures based on your case in many of the other cases that we saw. i guess what was interesting about it was as the movement was small there was. well as the movement grew there was more of a dynamic shift in the relationship between the police officers it was really

shocking to see how militant the retaliation was for us just basically doing our constitutional rights and voicing our opinions there were several studies that i read about universities inciting. the militant treatment of the n.y.p.d. specifically gets the occupied with men and i believe that. the movement itself did draw a lot of attention to this and what have you and what of your experience has been with police officer since this incident. following right after i definitely experienced a lot of anxiety no i don't have any personal than diction against any sort of the police officers but i think that the organization the n.y.p.d. as a whole has really. really provided the tools and training necessary for dealing with all these different types of situations and i feel that the violent sort of outbursts were

a reflection of that. she was the occupy wall street protester that was featured in that pepper spray video that has gone viral and that's going to do for now for more of the stories we covered go to youtube dot com slash america and for the late information coming out of any of the stories we cover today another stories from around your world check out our website r c dot com slash usa and don't forget to follow me on twitter at meghan underscore lopez be sure to stick around for the five pm show for more news and adept interviews. you know what makes peter's these days so super is that the memory for that russian researchers have got a few ideas that could make cognitive computing a reality what about the process check out a radical new architecture that promises parallel power design for the stars and is that got you all hot under the collar clothes don't worry because the latest

cooling systems will sure neither you nor the globe's top supercomputers break us led to knowledge i'm doing here. we've got the future of country. mission. could you take three times for charges free range and free. free stews free. free markets for your media projects and free video don to our t. dot com.

international and world in the very heart of moscow. hello and welcome to technology update living in our computerized world everything is driven by the push to be both smaller and faster at the same time nowhere is this more evident than with the crim dellec crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago wouldn't even crack the top five hundred today super computers are

actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media logic center these powerful machines are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting it on could potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators as measured in flops or floating operations per second the most are. in addition to our snow here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per second but the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant touch. every two years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is they take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we know them got their start in one

thousand nine hundred. eighty three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches over computers didn't become super until nine hundred sixty five with the c.d.c. sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition of delivery perform tasks ten times faster than anything before it led many to label it the first supercomputer at the same time engineers put the finishing touches on the six. hertz clock speed it turned out. great came out with the first computer bearing his name and since then has been considered the fall of supercomputing in the west and the other side of the iron curtain. with tin processor. and fast forward to today. countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the us has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent. time in the one nine hundred ninety s.

russia has made a major resurgence over the past decade although it hasn't been a straight shot to top the direction is clear in the top five hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian mission broke the top twenty. since two thousand and nine moscow state university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe most powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called t. platforms the level of supercomputer made. splash on the world computing stage by clocking in as the twelfth fasta set up on the globe since it was installed the pace processor had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of one point seven petta flops or one point seven quadrillion calculations a second put on that processing power doesn't come easy the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as

a result moscow state university plummets in the world standing when you take energy efficiency into consideration because the green list rates the top five hundred according to how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of energy offering three hundred mi to make a collapse of processing microwatts the one also falls all the way to one hundred eighty six the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers this under wraps air ventilation may seem like this it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange much denser liquid than have been released as a better way to wash the heat away these of rains from relatively rudimentary to the processors to a new i.b.m. system that pumps warm water around hot spots perhaps the most radical attempt to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the crate which used a waterfall system to pump an inert refrigerant directly onto its servers. that idea failed to gain traction mediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however

more than just the country's north climate. there's a team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle. located a few hours to the north east of moscow much like here at the program systems institute compared to many of the country's other stored universities it may seem like a new comer. having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's established a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and even doubt in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work supercomputers the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger better processing machine under the name program institute works with around two dozen other institutes and research centers in russia and. over the past decade

that partnership has resulted in increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five into the top five hundred by and. technological capabilities have progressed concerns have become more serious and required. if you reduce any electronic device produced by it which will no longer dissipate in a large area be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area previously used to get off twenty kilowatts of energy today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount to hate it's simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilator system. they've turned to the extreme solution of cooling together with a company called engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid based cooling now some of you might be thinking hang on wires electronic circuits

submerged in water. cooling especially designed not to interact with server boards that doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's not. an exact recipe for this. tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their system speak for themselves. a typical cool requires about as much energy. for the cooling system as it does for carrying our calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent but our system only requires as little as five percent additional energy other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional air cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between the business side and program systems institute in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused people have an idea for a finished product in the real world the technical know how to get it to that point

academics on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model that shows just what's possible when you take a. given how hot of a topic supercomputer cooling is in the business there's some competition to be the liquid cooled champs of russia for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have turned more restrained technological use of free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines this engine was originally built with much different much larger supercomputers and. seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field the sheer size of these great calculators has massively reduced while the processing power has expanded exponentially example of this trend groups. just in time for the most recent rankings.

processors and co processors with each node. in five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using a miserly one hundred eighty one kilowatts in total became an energy efficient supercomputer in the world. per watt and one reason why the liquid cooled systems are better is that they are compact an energy efficient but what about maintenance here's how we handle this let me show you how we service the computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through quick disconnect couplings. next disconnect the network interfaces take the no doubt that's it. you can do whatever you. needs for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units but hard disk and so on that's everything. did inside the server racks there are plates that push running water over the various generating

spots on each node as. it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the red piping and. the result is both environmentally friendly and allows for. the liquid cooling system enables us to place blades servers very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run two hundred eighty teraflops per rack this is a record achievement of our stuff no one has been able to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology we're able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. work is attracting international attention. computing like jack dongarra pay a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the theoretical possibility of a ten page green machine. thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardized components of cooling plate we can ensure that our product readily available and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on by using

cool in place of the network with many interconnections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its viability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects problems that could arise. that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new generation of supercomputers and their cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the nearly silent and more powerful new kids on the blog but any computer or not is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the biggest breakthroughs are common. starts and fish moving from vacuum tubes to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already a way. shake up the old world order and storage has been the decline of hard disk drives idea of internal moving parts flash memory drives are taking over much

coveted market share there already. but even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise searchers at the mosque. and technology are pioneering investigations into what's called. located just north of the capital the facilities here have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country. professors have been awarded no prizes for back to the topic of. the best of two worlds of storage. what's called a storage class memory device by combining a high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be nonvolatile like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of. a device.

so here is to create a switch that can be storing info process begins with a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is added it could be different but here. this was one electrode of the eventual device on top of that their special oxide layers added practically atom by atom they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from there they add a layer of titanium nitrate as the final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers which functions as an on off switch and has major advantages over flash. even though there are no mechanical parts. a more complex arrangement than ministers' which consist of only three layers instead of the switch split by changing the resistance of the layer. to manage to write and rewrite and roughly one to read. furthermore this interesting tech can

also handle way more rewrites boosting its effective lifespan can be stacked layer upon layer vast increasing density and therefore storage capacity lastly resistive memory is faster than flash offering the rewrite speeds of less than ten seconds. the theoretical basis for been restores has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. it was then identified as the fourth fundamental circuit element after the capacitor resistor and inductor but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett packard the way it was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes have to be used to merely investigate what was done in the previous stages needed to analyze things like exactly how oxygen vacancies formed in the hafnium as well as the size in molecular structure of the oxide particles. when we see it will take quite a while before sensing this technology actually devices but we're working on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with a packet of the most so than those who first launched flash memory on the market

because it's good for me too it's not that the mysteries that eventually start replacing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic all around it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the moscow institute of physics and technology aren't even the only ones in their own labs working on memristor prototypes into something called the common use center other academics regularly stop by to work through the early stages of their own designs in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting qualities which could help create truly be a list of artificial intelligence. further looking into just what memories just could hold for the future our research is that. they not only manufacture to quit. sorry for investigating informing ministers but they also study designs and selves the structure of choice here is titanium oxide sandwiched between too much i know what they're trying out different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronic devices. were your words are no use possible to create

analog semantic connections the brain zeinab says that is that communication elements between neurons for a certain feature used yesterday and if you ex of eight and often they actually change. stead of one sign abscessed seven that take no develops more so than the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it means memristor is a capable of doing exactly the same thing as you're developing quite rapidly now using them we can make a thinking cognitive admin base that's capable of learning. and stood about memristor years and just what their future holds for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just in the russian capital we may not be that far off for machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought indeed.

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news about international and world in the very heart of moscow. st. welcome back to technology update much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without what integral part of the process are when it comes down to it it's interviewed arrangement of circuitry is a foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. but there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you out there may be intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech stuff the production technically part of moscow there's a lot of great district has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible what wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of both people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two

decades though dylan a grad has opened up and blogging into the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organisations including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas knowledge base there are a good many of the great examples we could point to but one of the standout stars is me crawling which is russia's leading baker of many things from sim cards to our if i d. text integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new and maybe nanometer production line with that new car is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave first per year just about but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics producer for that there seems to be a very good answer. we need to micro electronics is an economic as well as a political industry in the world in some well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips destined for ti platforms

a russian super comes only to alternative to g.p.s. with full global coverage achieved in two thousand and eleven while the space race . the cold war microelectronic hardware can still be considered sensitive information despite the fact that it's often intended only for peaceful purposes. and a great place. exhibition of the new electronic show which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialist. microelectronics there were a number of interesting ideas of data the existing to others entirely new innovative devices was offered by a processor make of it has come up with a revolutionary way to get at the age old problem of how to best organize operations. a process is a unique device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a process of prior to our product. existing processes that account for

a large share of the market worldwide of all neumann architecture. however is different. action is significantly limited operations are information can only be exchanged by the memory not between control themselves with . much more free flowing and crucially information to be exchanged between operations directly without having to go through the memory and quest to make its mark in the marketplace for processors they've teamed up with one of russia's most innovation. as a member of the start of the organization space. co-conspirator in a company called. also a skulk of the residents in the business of developing the next generation of satellite technology they believe in a kind of lego type of satellite meaning that everything should be standardizing easy to build with a proper set of pieces even their simple office space they've got just about everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the

sensors interact with the software to make adjustments automatically but the hardware that eventually gets put on. earth orbiters will have to deal with conditions slightly more testing here. we cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d. and space and other implicated technical systems there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function for some time this process is designed in such a way as to enable the parallel processes inside it to happen on a multitude of cells with something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail just slightly slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work. current models other development the latest chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly under going the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions thrown at it including the tip or

environs of earth's atmosphere. if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack and space operations shift giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams were still news as though it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind microelectronic brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the institute built the top of the super computers the center of sparc technologies has become one of russia's top microchip makers and their most recent offering is the elbrus two s. plus becomes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz to course and post processing power of sixteen. unlike many risk based processors out there plus relies on the compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand they've branched out and a bigger targets in sight. but the model cube board is our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest developments that is the two s.

plus. we. brand new computer the k. into. produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware makers craft the first batch of them has already rolled off the production lines they're equipped with a touch screen and can either linux or windows for performance on par with what we'd call credibility we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive because. the way these engineers seem to have security in mind whether it be choosing a tried and true company like me prone to handle the actual production or writing in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory. of sparc technologies ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power over in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom the transistor sizes continuing to shrink this

high tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it his mission of technology update as well as for my time as your humble host i'll be bidding adieu but catch the latest next time for the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride. the worst thing the white house of the day the radio guy and some other daily minute. thing i want you to watch closely the budget because you've never seen anything like this on college. let me let me are going to let me ask you a question. here i missed that word to describe in the debate we are not in south.

but if you get this right to spank staying there again you're in a situation where b. and i don't agree to talk about your name let me.

international abdul's in the very heart of moscow. coming up on r t the guantanamo bay hunger strike is expanding more detainees have decided to take part in the strike as the u.s. sends extra medical help to the detention facility full look at the situation next . chicago retail and fast food workers go on strike they want higher wages and the right to form a union so what are the odds of those demands being met will question more and it's thursday so that means it's tech news will give you the download on what the

government is up to with internet freedoms and privacy that's later in the show. it's thursday april twenty fifth five pm in washington d.c. i'm megan lopez and you are watching r.t. .