my opinion. on mavis that going to be a big money in stevia to see which is both a cultural contemporary i don't know logically auditoriums so join me tomorrow must say honored c m a the second as we bring you the glitz the glamour and the best of the best in the performing arts grind here at marines. hello and welcome to technology update living in our computerized world everything is driven by the push to be both smaller and faster at the same time nowhere is

this more evident than with the crim delight crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago wouldn't even crack the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media or logical center these powerful machines are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting a jump on potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators as measured in flops or floating operations per second the most recent addition to rose hydra metz arsenal here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per second but the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant need of more processing punch. every two years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is they take up. same amount of space and most

importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we know them got their start in one thousand nine hundred one to say c three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches over computers didn't become super until nine hundred sixty five with sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition but its ability to perform tasks ten times faster than anything before it led many to label the first supercomputer at the same time put the finishing touches on the six. processor hertz clock speed they turned out one per second. before seymour crate came out with the first computer bearing his name and his they considered the father of supercomputing in the west and the other side of the iron curtain. the same status with ten processors. and fast forward to

today and only dozen countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the us has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent power following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgence over the past decade although it hasn't been a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machines in the top five hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top twenty. and since two thousand and nine moscow state university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called ti platforms the love of supercomputer made a splash on the world computing stage by clocking in as the twelfth fast to set up on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of what point seven pair of clubs or one point. seven quadrillion calculations

a second. but all that processing power doesn't come easy fueling the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as a result moscow state university plummets and the world standing when you take energy efficiency into consideration the so-called green list rates the top five hundred according to how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of energy offering three hundred twenty two mega flops of processing might be. false all the way to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers this under wraps seem like the simplest set up but it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange much denser liquid than have been looked to as a better way to launch the heat away these of rains from relatively rudimentary to the processors to a new i.b.m. system that pumps warm water around hot spots perhaps the most radical attempt to

harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the great to what used a waterfall system to pump and refrigerant directly onto its servers. now that idea failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however more than just the country's north and climate. there's a team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle. located a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that work is going on here at the program systems institute compared to many of the country's other stored universities it may seem like a newcomer having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's established a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech.

supplies for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work in the field of supercomputers they're the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger and better processing machine under the name skiff program systems institute works with around two dozen other institutes and research centers in russia and. over the past decade that partnership has resulted in increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five make it into the top five hundred by annual ranking. technological capabilities have progressed concerns have become more serious and required. if you reduce any electronic device in size it means that all the heat produced by it will no longer dissipate in a large area. be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area while previously as several rank used to give twenty kilowatts of

energy today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount he said simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilated system. with that in mind they've turned to the extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid based cooling now some of you might be thinking hang on wires like circuits submerged but this coolant is specially designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's both non toxic and hypoallergenic but the exact recipe for this concoction tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their immersed system speak for themselves. a typical cool requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does. carrying our calculations which means energy demands are

increased by one hundred percent but our system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between on the business side and program systems in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused people often have an idea for a finished product in the real world the technical know how to get it to that point academics on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model what's possible when you take a plunge with their system. given how hot of a topic supercomputer in the business there's some competition to be the liquid cooled champs of russia for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the

russian academy of sciences have turned to a more restrained. a free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines. built with much different much larger supercomputers and thanks to seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field this year size of these great calculators has massively reduced while the processing power has expanded exponentially example of this trend groups. just in time for the most recent ranking. intel processors and co processors. each node. cranks up more than five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using a miserly one hundred eighty one killed in total became an energy efficient supercomputer in the world. per watt. reason why the liquid cooled systems are better they are compact an energy efficient but. here's how we handle

this let me show you how we service a computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through a quick disconnect couplings. next. the network interfaces and take the no doubt that's it. you can do whatever you need for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units. that's everything. get inside the server racks there are plates that push running water over the various generating spots on each node as the water swish it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and. the resulting set up is both environmentally friendly and allows for denser arrangements. the liquid cooling system enables us to place blade servers very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred eighty teraflops per rank this is

a record achievement of our step no one has been able to elate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology were able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. groups work is attracting international attention. computing like jack dongarra pay a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the theoretical possibility of a green machine. thanks to the technology that we use the standardized components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily available and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on besides by using cooling plates rather than a network of pipes with many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new

generation of super computers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the new the silent and more powerful new kids on the blog. but any computer or not is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the biggest breakthroughs have come in starts and fits moving from vacuum tube to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already underway. to the. storage decline of hard disk drives. internal moving parts flash memory drives are taking over much coveted market share they're already ever present in smartphones and tablets. laptops but even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise. of the. technology or pioneering

investigations into what's called resistive memory for short ok to just north of the capital have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country . professors have been awarded a nobel prize back to the topic of the. best. storage class memory device by combining the high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generation storage memory device. their goal is to create a switch that can be restoring the hours long process begins with a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is. different once but here. on

top of that there are specialized oxide layers added practically atom by atom they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from there they add. a layer of titanium nitrate as the final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers thick memristor which functions as an on off switch and has major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving mechanical parts. arrangement. which consist of three layers instead of the switch is split by changing the resistance of the. fraction of. this futuristic tech can also handle. its effective lifespan. vastly increasing and therefore storage capacity lastly resistive memory is faster

than flash speeds of. the theoretical basis has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. it was then identified as the fourth fundamental circuit after the capacitor and inductor but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett packard the way it was so long because of the type it's involved electron microscopes have to be investigate what was done in the previous stages needed to analyze things like exactly how. the half. structure of the particles. it would take quite a while before we start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with hewlett packard. those who first launched flash memory on the market which are. replacing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the

topic it shouldn't be too surprising that the physics and technology even the only one. prototype. something called the common use center other academics. to work through the. early stages of their own design in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting for quality which could help create truly realistic artificial intelligence. further looking into just what ministers could hold for the future a research is that. they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating informing them but they also study designs and selves the structure of choice here is. sandwiched between two layers of platinum at the moment they're trying out different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronic devices. are no or yes possible to create analogs of semantic connection. brain sign ups is that is that communication elements between

neurons in feature used she asked you if you activate them often they actually change. stead of one sign that says take no develops more so than the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true. one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it. memory capable of doing exactly the same thing as you did developing quite rapidly now using them we can make a thinking cognitive element base that's capable of learning. much still not fully understood about ministers and just what their future holds for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far off from machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought indeed.

i. know way things are going to republican. better all for the state of. texas has got its own like. all and. everything to me can survive. united states would say to.

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welcome back to technology update much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part of the process or when it comes down to it it's interviewed a range of circuitry is a foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. and there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you out there may be intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of processor production technically part of moscow there's a limited district has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible it wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of both people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades though it was a linux that has opened up and blossomed into the home for many of the country's

leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organizations including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas of knowledge base there a good many of the great examples we could point to but one of the stand out stars is me grown which is russia's leading baker of many things micro from sim cards to our if i d. tax to integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new ninety nanometer production line with that mccrone is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave first per year certainly something to boast about but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics producer for that there seems to be a very good answer. we need to micro electronics is an economic as well as a political and destroying the world in some well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented. the export of microchips destined for t.

platforms supercomputer manufacture. there are certain industries that really need to have technological independence. examples. would be difficult to protect your own hardware if nobody were willing to see the insides as the same with satellite navigation. is the only true alternative to g.p.s. coverage. that hardware still be considered information despite the fact that it's often intended for peaceful purposes. great place to find some of the very latest in homegrown tech like the new electronic show which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialists. microelectronics there were a number of interesting ideas. new innovative devices. processor

make a revolutionary way to get the age old problem of how to best operations. process device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a process to pry it out. existing processes that account for a large share of the market worldwide based on the whole newman architecture our architecture however is different to. their peril action is significantly limited operations are information can only be exchanged by the memory not between control. and crucially information exchange between operations directly without having to go through the memory and quest to make its mark in the marketplace for processors. with one of russia's most innovation. as

a member of the startup from the organization space cluster now has found a willing coconspirator in a company called sputniks also a skulk a resident in the business of developing the next generation of satellite technology they believe in a kind of lego type of satellite meaning that everything should be standardizing easy to build with a proper set of pieces even are simple office space just about everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the sensors interact with the software to make adjustments automatically but the hardware that eventually gets put on board their miniature earth orbiters will have to do with conditions slightly more testing in the air conditioned rooms here. we cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d. and space and other complicated technical systems or there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad and therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function for some time this process is designed in such

a way as to enable the parallel processes inside it's to happen on a multitude of cells with it and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail just slightly slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work to store. current models under development the latest chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions thrown at it including those beyond the temporal environs of earth's atmosphere both the help of interesting if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack as space operations shift from giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams were still news though it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind microelectronics a brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the. that built the top soviet super computers the moscow center of sparta

technologies has become one of russia's top micro chip makers and their most recent offerings elbrus two s. plus becomes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz two cores and post processing power of sixteen. unlike many risk based processors out there to us plus relies on a compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand it branched out and have bigger targets inside. the model q board is our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest developments that is the two s. plus. the board forms the basis for a brand new computer the k. m. four l. bruce produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware makers craft the first batch of them has already rolled off the production lines there equipped with the touch screen and could run either linux or windows performance on par with world leaders many have turned to do so for another no less important reason at the moment we see that our main clients are primarily state and situations and

organizations that are concerned about security issues since we develop a system from top to bottom. motherboards compiler. libraries. we have what we'd call credibility. we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive. at every step along the way these engineers seem to have to be in mind to be choosing a tried and copy like me grown to handle the actual production or writing in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory the moscow center of sparc technologies ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom. transistor sizes continuing to shrink this high

tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for this edition of technology update as well as for my time as your humble host i'll be bidding you a do but catch the latest next time with the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride. speak your language. or music programs and documentaries in spanish matters to you breaking news a little turn into bangles stories. you hear. the spanish. visit.

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