international and world in the very heart of moscow. hello and welcome to technology update living in arkansas right world everything is driven by push to be both solar and faster at the same time nowhere is this more evident than with the cream to the crim or super computers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago when even cracked the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media logical center these powerful machines are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us

a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting a jump on potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators as measured in flops or floating operations per second the most recent addition to rose hydra metz arsenal here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per second but the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers a constant need of more promising punch. every two years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is they take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we know them got their start in one nine hundred forty one through c c three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches computers didn't.

super until nine hundred sixty five with sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition but its ability to perform tasks in times faster than any before led many to label the first supercomputer at the same time the engineers put the finishing touches on the six. processor and ten megahertz clock speed it turned out one per second. before seymour craig cannot with the first computer bearing his name has been considered the supercomputing in the west and the other side of the iron curtain. with his team's ten processor. and fast forward to today and only dozen countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the u.s. has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent brain power following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgence over the past decade although it hasn't been a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machines in the top five

hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top twenty. since two thousand and nine moscow state university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe most powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called ti platforms the love of supercomputer made a splash on the world computing stage clocking in as the twelfth fastest set up on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of one point seven pair of clubs or one point seven quadrillion calculations a second. but all that processing power doesn't come easy fueling the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that its record of the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as a result moscow state university plummets in the. world standing when you take

energy efficiency inspiration the so-called green list rates the top five hundred according to how many. of each unit of energy offering three hundred twenty two of processing might be. all the way to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers this under wraps seem like the simplest set up but it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange. processors to a new i.b.m. system the. hot spots. to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the crate to a waterfall system and then refrigerant directly onto its servers. now that idea of failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however

more than just the country's north and climate. the team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't too hot to handle. locate a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that is going on here. a program systems institute compared to many of the countries other stored universities they may seem like a newcomer having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's established a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and it even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work and they feel that supercomputers they're the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger and better processing machine under the name skiff program systems institute works with around two dozen other institutes and research centers in russia and. over the past decade that partnership has resulted in

increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five make it into the top five hundred biannual range. technological capabilities have progressed concerns have become more serious and require new solutions if you reduce any electric device in size it means that all the heat produced by it will no longer dissipate in a large area. to be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area while previously as several rank used to give off twenty kilos of energy today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount a haze it's simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilated system. with that in mind they've turned to the extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called the engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid based cooling some of you might be thinking hang on wires electronic

circuits submerged in water but this cool is specially designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's both non toxic and hypoallergenic and the exact recipe for this concoction remains a tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their immersed system speak for themselves which is a typical cool server requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does for carrying out calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent but our system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words if some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional and cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between the business side and program systems in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused people often

have an idea for a finished product in the real world technical know how to get to mix on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model what's possible when you take a plunge with system. of a computer in the business there's some liquid cooled. for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have turned to a more restrained technological a free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continue host a number of super powerful processing machines. built with much different much larger supercomputers and thanks to seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field this year size of these great calculators has massively reduced the processing power has expanded exponentially example of this trend groups. just in time for the most recent rankings.

intel processors co processors with each node. more than five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using a miserly one hundred eighty one killed in total became an energy efficient supercomputer in the world. reason why the liquid cooled systems are better they are compact an energy efficient but. here's how we handle this let me show you how we service the computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through quick disconnect couplings. next disconnect the network interfaces and take the no doubt that's it after about. you can do whatever you need for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units. but there are thing. inside the server racks there are plates that push running water over the various generating spots on each node as

the water swish it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and. the resulting set up is both environmentally friendly and allows for denser arrangements. the liquid cooling system enables us to place blade servers very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred eighty teraflops per rank this is a record achievement of our stuff no one has been able to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology we're able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. work is attracting international attention. computing like jack dongarra pay a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise a computer that showed the theoretical possibility of a green machine thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardized components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily available

and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on besides by using cooling plates rather than a network of pipes with many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat clustered old machines are giving way to the new generation of super computers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the new the silent and more powerful new kids on the blog but any computer is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law. have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the biggest breakthrough some common starts and fits moving from vacuum tubes to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another

major shift is already underway. to the. storage has been the decline of hard disk drives. internal moving parts flash memory drives are taking over much coveted market share they're already ever present in smartphones and tablets. laptops even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise. and technology are pioneering investigations into what's called. for short ok to just north of the capital the facilities here have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country. professors have been awarded a nobel prize back to the topic of. the best storage. device by combining the high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive devices at the

moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generation storage device. their goal is to create a switch that can be used for storing info. on top of that a layer of metal is added it could be different but here. on top of that there's specialized. practically atom by atom they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from their. final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred. functions as an on off switch and as major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving mechanical parts flash memory cells with. a more complex arrangement than ministers which consist of only three layers

instead of the ministers the switch is split by changing the resistance of the oxide layer. up to ten volts to write and read write and roughly one to read only a fraction of those figures furthermore this futuristic tech can also handle more rewrites its effective lifespan can be stacked layer upon layer vastly increasing density and therefore storage capacity resistive memory is faster than flash offering a rewrite speeds of less than ten seconds. the theoretical basis for has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. been identified as the fourth fundamental circuit after the capacitor resistor and inductor but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett packard the way it was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes have to be used to merely investigate what was done in the previous stages needed to analyze things like exactly how oxygen vacancies formed the size in molecular structure of the oxide

and. it will take quite a while before we start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working on this right now and haps we're already able to compete with. them those who first launched flash memory on the market because it's good for me to. eventually start placing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic all around it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the moscow institute of physics technology are even the only ones in their own labs working on memristor prototypes home to something called the common use center other academics regularly stop by to work through the early stages of their own designs in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting qualities which could help you truly realistic or. official intelligence. further looking into just what ministers could hold for the future researchers at indy where they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating and forming new restaurants but them selves

the structure of choice here is to excite sandwiched between two layers of i know at the moment they're trying different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronics the. year olds are now are you it's possible to create analogs of semantic connection. for a sign that says that is that communication elements between neurons i said feature used shuster and if you activate them often they actually change them as i said of one sign app says seven take no develops your more so that the old saying that press makes tasks is to be true or one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it means memory says it capable of doing exactly the same thing as you did developing quite rapidly now using them we can make a thinking cognitive element base that's capable of learning back up orders for us to recruit. others might still not fully understood about memristor years and just

what their future holds for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far out of machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought indeed. do we speak your language anything about the will not advance. news programs and documentaries and spanish what matters to you breaking news to angles couldn't stories. you hear. in troy altie spanish find out more visit. tito it's called. ok going to.

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the book about international and world in the very heart of moscow. that intelligence updates much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part of the process or when it comes down to it it's a great arrangement of circuitry is a foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. and there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you. there may be entry to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of assets or production

technically part of moscow district has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible it wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades has opened up and blossomed into the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organisations including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas of knowledge base there a good many of the great examples we could point to but one of the stars is make good on which is leading makers of many things micro from sim cards to our if i d. text integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new a ninety nanometer production with that mccrone is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave per year certainly something to boast about but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics producer for that there seems to be

a very good answer. we need to micro electronics is an economic as well as a political industry in the world in some well known instances different countries have the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips destined for ti platforms russian supercomputer manufacture. with that in mind there are certain industries that really need to have technological independence the most obvious examples air defense systems would be difficult to protect your own skies with your own hardware if nobody were willing to send you the insides as the same with satellite navigation. alternative to g.p.s. with full global coverage achieved in two thousand and eleven while the space race maybe is dead is the cold war microelectronic hardware can still be considered sensitive information despite the fact that it's often intended only for peaceful purposes. great place to find some of the very latest in home. like the new electronic show. march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and

thousands of special. number of interesting ideas. new. devices. processor make a revolutionary way to get the problem of how to best operation. unique device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a processor prior to our product. existing prices that account for a large share of the market world wide. difference to. their peril action is significantly limited operations are. not between control. much more free flowing and crucially

information exchange between operations directly having to go through the memory and quest to make its mark in the marketplace for processors. as a member of the organization space. conspirator in a company called. business of developing the next generation of satellite technology. kind of. like meaning that everything should be standardized. pieces simple office space everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the sensors interact with the software to. the hardware that eventually gets put on earth. to deal with conditions. in the air conditioned. we cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d.

and space and other complicated technical systems there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function for some time this process is designed in such a way as to enable the parent says inside it's to happen on a multitude of cells and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail but just slightly slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work. under development the latest chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions thrown at it including those beyond the temper environs of earth's atmosphere the help of interesting if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack as space operations shift from giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams were still news though it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind a micro-electronics

a brand name that stretches back half a century has come out a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the institute that built top soviet super computers spark technologies has become one of russia's top microchip makers and their most recent offering is the l. bers two s. plus the clock speed of five hundred megahertz two cores and post processing power of sixteen. many risk based processors out there plus relies on a compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand they've branched out and have bigger targets in sight. the model cube board is our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest developments that is the plus and. the board forms the basis for a brand new computer. in four l. bruce produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware makers the first batch

of them has already rolled off the production lines they're quick to the touch screen and could run either linux or windows while they offer performance on par with world leaders many have turned to do so for another no less important reason the moment we see that our main clients are primarily state and situations and organizations that are concerned about security issues since we develop a system from top to bottom meaning motherboards compile our. libraries. we have what we call credibility we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive because. at every step along the way these engineers seem to have security in mind whether be choosing a tried and true company like me grown to handle actual production or writing in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory the moscow

center spark technology ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power over in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom the transistor sizes continuing to shrink this high tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for this edition of technology as well as for my time as your host all be bidding you would do but the latest next time with the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride.

we are facing a lot of problems. because no one. what's not going up all day is a law in the local needs you want to. be. done for. i was fired i was fired. right.

the international airport in the very harsh go. breaking news and also you just saw a blaze at a psychiatric facility in the moscow region claims lives of up to its age people with only three surviving the body it's close on the windows prevented some from escaping in time. unconfirmed intelligence from the view was poised to the use of chemical weapons into syria and fuels were triggered washington similar to that scene ahead of the invasion of iraq. on the terror chief says hundreds of european volunteers and out fighting in syria

and could pose a serious security threat when they return from the radicalized front.