well coming up on our t.v. while the investigation of the boston marathon bombing continues more information on the elder suspect has emerged turns out russia had contacted u.s. authorities about the suspect before the bombings now it seems that the two nations are cooperate more than they did before so will this terrorist attack lead to better relations between the two countries will question more on the obama administration's then road line with syria the syrian government returns u.s. intel reports with some confidence that the syrian government has used chemical weapons on their own people so does this mean military action by us is possible first out just ahead. plus a controversy of agag bill it's making a comeback in the indiana legislature the bill would make it illegal to expose animal abuse in factory farm so what does this mean for animal rights groups who

often try to expose horrible conditions from inside the farms that story later in the show. well it's friday april twenty sixth four pm in washington d.c. i'm margaret how well you're watching our t.v. well as the boston marathon bombing investigation moves forward new information is coming out about tomorrowland so alive and now to the can now twenty sees twenty six year old a seized who along with his brother is accused of setting off explosives explosives still it turns out that both the f.b.i. and the cia were contacted by russian officials on separate occasions about tomorrowland as early as two thousand and eleven after survives a visit to russia now the f.b.i. says it responded to the call but things are not on the u.s. terrorist terrorist watch list and even interviewing sarah and his family but turned up nothing. now the f.b.i.

says when it asked moscow twice for more information russia failed to respond no this is prompted some us lawmakers to question the intelligence gap and others in part by laying blame on russia for not cooperating but russian president vladimir putin indicated yesterday to press that the two countries could unite to fight terrorism now at a time when relations remain somewhat frosty most recently because of dueling list of each other's countries alleged human rights abuses can you come around which one could be forged between these two countries i was talking earlier in studio to talk about this with stephen cohen and i asked him what does this say about the state of u.s. russian relations well it's hard to know congress is investigating now whether there was a bureaucratic failure in the united states but quite a few warnings were received from the russian intelligence services and not only about. one of the brothers the older brother who died in boston but about the

mother and there seemed to have been at least three or four messages from the f.s.b. back to russian intelligence services not only to the f.b.i. has actually reported but to the cia one possibility is of course that it was a bureaucratic failure another possibility is that poor relations. between moscow and washington devalued the russian report and when i say poor relations i mean particularly the very anti buton and the cruel atmosphere because once that starts at the highest level in the media in the white house or in the congress it spreads to all american bureaucratic agencies so it is possible i don't know if it's lightly but it's possible that the s. f.b.i. just didn't take it seriously chalked it up to a human rights issue having nothing to do with terrorism but it whatever the original. reason to devalue the russian report they didn't follow up when the

brother returned to the united states after six or seven months in august and that really is inexplicable well stephen i want to take you to. senator i'd rather florida senator bill nelson had this to say about the investigation let's take a listen the f.b.i. and all law enforcement responded very well and you know this stuff about russia warned us well we inquired of russia some old times and russia didn't respond so the f.b.i. and our intelligence community was all over that ok stephen so what do you make of this because the reports show that the u.s. intel agencies have both the f.b.i. and the cia both had camera lens or knives on their radar think that tips from the russian government and both governments were communicating what else could have been done to prevent this from happening. well if the congressman think that the

f.b.i. and the cia did a for an adequate job obviously we need a new f.b.i. new cia we're not safe at all i think that the problem and certainly we hear this coming from the congressman is the relationship between washington and moscow here's the basic problem. couldn't the criminal moscow have one narrative about what's going on in the world and washington the white house the congress have a different narrative and this extends all the way from the russian provinces of ships you know and august on to the middle east the united states sees all this or most of this kind of rebellion and islamic areas as a kind of democratic insurgency washington thinks the arab spring is about democracy. prudent and the russian leadership view this very differently partly because russia is also an islamic country with twenty minute million muslims citizens the position in moscow has been beginning with the war in chechnya and now

the anti terrorist operations in the industry and is this isn't about the martyrs in these people are rebels they're terrorists so the narrative extends all the way from russia to the middle east because putin's view of the middle east is the same that the forces that have been unleashed in the middle east the act the establishment's forces are not democratic they're they're extreme islamic forces that are going to more terrorism intil moscow and washington can resolve these conflicting narratives the kind of cooperation that you want from our intelligence services and the russian knowledge of services is going to be limit the problem is that we're in a kind of cold war situation and it's characteristic of cold war that you get conflicting narratives they don't have an opposite and i think the thing that's that's interesting so because russia gave our intel these tapes coming out say we told you so. they could say it but it wouldn't be

a good idea the best thing is to try to figure out what went wrong and fix the problem with putin said yesterday thursday in his marathon press conference he didn't speak at length about boston but he said but in kind of words we told us and he made the point about his narrative that i just mentioned he said the problem has been over the years that washington has looked at these areas in russia particularly chechnya and august. as having to do with human rights and democracy whereas the criminal has said no no no this is about terrorism it involves international terrorism and we should be on the same side of this to a solution that mixed in putin's yesterday said we told him show but he didn't rub it in obama's and remember one of the thing it's very very important after the events in boston it was not a woman who called putin it was putin who called obama the same thing happened by

the way when putin called president george bush after the attack on america in nine eleven russian side has been earth was embracing the idea for cooperation in this area of fighting terrorism. whatever reason ideological bureaucratic we americans have dragged their feet since i want to talk to you about our counterterrorism strategies since nine eleven we've seen and create the efforts to strengthen how terror threat is both here and abroad what do you think the events in boston say about those efforts that are way better off than we were twelve years ago i don't know i mean. clear i mean whether we're better off or not better off the fact remains we're all still a danger whether you live in in moscow where i often live or whether you live in boston or whether you live in new york anybody in a large city anybody who's on the subway anybody who flies people who take trains

these are targets for terrorists now around the world it's happening in europe as well what to do about clearly first of all requires a major cooperation between russia and united states and they have the two most informed intelligence services that hasn't happened secondly it regards involves a completely different kind of dialogue it's stripped of its cold war components where you go beyond that i think there's only one other place there's a debate united states and i think of a rather foolish debate and way it's distracting us from the main issue how did the brothers you know most of their adult lives become islamic radicals if that's what they were i assume that's what they were self radicalized did they pick this up on the internet did they go to russia what have. yours is that this kind of radical jihadist terrorism is an ideology it's a religious ideology and we know from twentieth century long before the internet

that ideas margarete marxism came from france and germany and england to russia there is no internet ideas try it doesn't really matter why these two guys. got their ideas they got or why were they receptive partly because maybe they came from the north caucasus. but there's one other important which we're not discussing in the united states because it's awkward right and states occur very hard as a go at i that's i hate to cut you off but just really quickly you mentioned yesterday's press conference and russian president vladimir putin had this to say about the attacks were going to play out over terrorism in general take a listen common americans are not to be blamed they don't understand what is happening here i am addressing them and our citizens to say that russia too is a victim of international terrorism i was always appalled when our western partners

and the western media labeled terrorists who committed bloody crimes in our country as insurgents and almost never as terrorists these groups received intelligence financial and political support sometimes directly and sometimes in directly we said declarations muley proclaiming terrorism a common threat were not enough we must get the job done those two have proven our position all too well well stephen really quickly because we're running out of time but is this very a very different point of view normally that we've seen in the u.s. so we've been told that terror has a base yet this is the mission that gave the facts does terror indeed have a nationality. what putin just said is exactly the point i was making earlier there are two narratives about what is being called terrorism the american narrative has been for fifteen years and showed that it's somehow about human rights and

democracy the russian narrative has been that it's about terrorism whether we're talking about the north caucasus or russia or about the middle east that it's a point to be made yesterday in this press conference it's a point of view that has not occurred widely in the united states it may be that boston will make that point of view more widely known in america ok ben soko and so are we if part me for not to interrupt you sir but are we going to see these two countries working more closely in the future to combat terrorism if it has this issue been an inadvertent reset of sorts they will fix some of the bureaucratic lapses that evidently occurred between the russian intelligence services and the americans but any long term cooperation in this area will require resolving other conflicts between the two countries and about that i'm not optimistic ok well thank you so much sir that was a steven cohen author and professor of russian studies at new york university well the european union's antiterrorism chief as up in arms about the number of young

europeans getting involved in the syrian conflict now even antiterrorism coordinator guilt that the kerchief said that hundreds of europeans are signing up to fight alongside syrian rebels now he voiced concerns of these recruits may be radicalized trained in syria and pose a future threat to europe when they return home now the u.k. ireland and france are among the countries with citizens having the syria r t tests are still up brings us the latest. syria's two year old conflict is already seen as spillovers to neighboring countries but now it is extended far beyond that it's estimated that hundreds of europeans from fourteen countries mostly young men have joined the rebels in syria in fighting against bashar al assad a london based international center for the study of radicalization put the tall figure at six hundred. believing them to build a ship of the media coverage of the radicalization of young people as recently

focused on want specific story that of the father in search of the son dimitri beyond excited had enjoyed a radical islamism group and had gone to syria to join the fight father had got all the way they're hoping to bring his son back. planes are flying overhead all the time when we are on the streets or inside a building we have a bomb were dropped on us i haven't had a contact with you you wish to meet here in aleppo we spoke with dimitris lawyer who is in constant contact with him and he says the father is hell bent on finding his eighteen year old son. we don't expect that he will send me to syria i think that's that's clear so that's also why i didn't leave until it was mostly to go in self he said i want to do something for myself a son who started changing about three years ago a problem with the u.s. that certain moment he was influenced by some radicalized and he made contact with

some people on the streets and there was also a story about. told love. girlfriend and he didn't it didn't work out and there was some francis say ok come with us and very slowly started it he was really influenced really braid was that are the words of my client he grew a beard. started wearing other clothes. preaching for every five times a day things like that so it was a little bit awkward for some of fifteen sixteen years also he was really under influence of radical of radical people this ruby you had come into contact with issue real for belgium a radical islam is group whose leader followed belka some have been arrested for hate speech and calls justifying the use of violence or there is a judgement day if you're if you're a muslim you will go to paradise if you're this believer you will go to hell

terrorism expert claude money case as the rise of radicalized is alarming many of whom are easy prey the first. question is why they convert. and usually they don't convert because due to me they can vent because of a program that's one moment and don't know if most of them if no clear political ideas and they go to fight because the fight and their goal is to fight if they don't meet mr will convince them they could be in a sect the conduct trapped in the people who just talk writing them and from convincing them that to goodness they want to go to so you have to sign off to compete to the tech that was to take you authorities are paying even closer attention alert levels heightened while worried family members of some youth fighting in syria have been calling for

a clampdown on radical groups the best they could do short of going to syria themselves although that may not be completely out of the question does or sylvia r.t. antwerp in belgium well next up the latest developments from syria just yesterday u.s. defense secretary chuck hagel had some bleak news and a press conference from abu dhabi haykel set stated that the u.s. intelligence has some confidence that syria has used chemical weapons specifically sarin gas a small scale against both civilians and opposition forces now statement from the white house yesterday indicates that despite this information we're still looking for more proof in order to assess their options and move forward artie's marina portnoy has more. well white house press secretary jay carney says that military force against the syrian government is one of many options that u.s. president barack obama is currently concerned this revelation of course is coming one day after u.s.

defense secretary chuck hagel claimed that the see that syrian president bashar al assad has used chemical weapons against rebels and now was fielding questions from the media during an afternoon press conference bernie said that he could not speculate on what action if any president obama would pursue against assad but he said that as a general principle the united states retains the ability to act unilaterally now we all remember how back in two thousand and three washington acted unilaterally against iraq when saddam hussein was harboring weapons of mass destructions those claims of course proved to be false but forty five hundred u.s. soldiers and tens of thousands of iraqis died in the decade long war that followed a few months ago u.s. president barack obama did say that the use of chemical weapons by the syrian government would be a game changer in the u.s. position on intervening in syria now talking about just a brief our viewers about hazels comments they came while he goal was addressing reporters in aboud dhabi on thursday the defense secretary that the set of the

white house has been for members of congress that intelligence officials believe with some degree of varying confidence that assad's government has used weapons chemical weapons against the opposition specifically sarin gas u.s. officials claim that the attacks in question took place last month near aleppo and in the outskirts of damascus however a letter the letter that was sent to congress states that washington cannot confirm the origin of the chemical weapons allegedly used but the white house still believes that any of any use of chemical weapons in syria would very likely have been originated with the assad government now acting in lockstep with the u.s. british prime minister david cameron has come forward. repeating his assertion then claims that the u.s. has a growing amount of evidence that the syrian government has used chemical weapons against members of the opposition according to reports m.

sixteen agents that were operating in syria smuggled soil out of the country for it to be analyzed for chemical and biological contaminants however military scientists from the the u.k. have said the soil contain traces of some kind of chemical weapons that they could not positively identify the type of weaponized chemical so what. u.s. and britain coming forward with very strong claims and allegations that the syrian government has used chemical weapons against members of the opposition but what's lacking in this story is a credible amount of facts well that was artie's marina portnoy reporting. indiana says you'd better put those cameras away if you know what's good for you the spike public backlash in the ana lawmakers have put the controversy agag built back on the table today the state legislature is considering a bill that would make it illegal to secretly record and industry abuse the

operations of a business with the intent to make it look bad now this means going undercover to expose an animal welfare issue or environmental or potential health violations in places like factory farms or mining operations would be considered a crime now are to spoke with cody carson who went undercover to expose farm undercover in some serious issues of animal cruelty and unsanitary conditions now here's his take on the so-called ag gag. obviously i think it's criminal you know these bees. and i whistle blower bills are being discussed and are fraud bills but the real fraud is going on here is is being perpetrated by these companies that are trying to deceive you consumers into buying something other than what they think that they are by i think most consumers knew about these three just conditions on these farms they would want anything to do with them we've seen these bills pop up in other states an effort largely backed by large agricultural companies and other big business but this will be the first state to pass an ag law this year and it

extends beyond farms now mining logging and other companies will also be protected and some supporters of it say that there is footage of something illegal going on or it should go to the police immediately well there is a provision in the bill that allows a forty eight hour window to hand over footage to the cops but opponents of the law say that it doesn't allow enough time to document extended row. doing and could potentially shield bad actors and punish whistle blowers alike so additionally many activists turn to these undercover efforts because law enforcement and regulatory agencies don't respond to the complaints well if this bill passes indiana's fracking industry and slaughterhouses alike are guaranteed a veil of privacy from the eyes of the media and the unassuming public. but this time heals all wounds george w. bush the forty third president of the united states left office with an approval rating of thirty three percent a new poll though shows that his approval rating is in hindsight has climbed to

forty seven percent now this new favor ability is just in time for this year's dedication ceremony for the opening of the george w. bush bush presidential library now five living presidents descended on dallas to share some kind of words about the former of the free world is this rehabilitation of bush's image an instance of hindsight is twenty twenty or is it rewriting history well the resonance for harvest gives us her take. this time to honor president george w. bush by dedicating his brand new and then to library we call them presidential libraries even though they are first positive for book no they are more akin to

pyramids to tunes in training for all time everything the president wants you to know about that the only difference is instead of burying the men themselves in the shrine we bury the truth about the marks they leave on history the library houses millions of paper records photos and e-mails from his presidency which is great because people have been dying to judge bush since before he even left office he started so many wars left the economy in ruins mispronounced so many words and people can't wait to judge him so it's great we can finally read all of his official documents except that under law presidential records don't have to be opened to the public until twelve years after the president leaves office and even then layers of bureaucracy can make it incredibly hard to access what you might really want to see as it stands today very little is even available at the clinton

and reagan library. in addition to the twelve year loft bush was well known for keeping things secret during his first year in office he signed an executive order allowing former presidents and their heirs to keep their records sealed for an indefinite period of time for any reason at all obama or both that order but it still might serve as a good indication of how forthcoming bush might be about showing his records to the public. no and instead of accessing real information in bush's library you'll see over forty thousand chinese from his presidency like the bowl already used to ground zero after nine eleven for the controversial voting ballot from florida that helped him win in two thousand there's also an interactive touch screen experience called decision points theater where you're told why he made all the right decisions you'll only see proof of why he was such

a great president and his right just like any good pharaoh setting up his pyramid and his legacy so let's set aside whether or not you like bush as the president and take a look at another question that this library poses how far have we really come from being free as tyrants pharaoh's and other absolute rulers america are we really the land of the free or are we just another land of manipulated history tonight let's talk about that by following me on twitter at the red. bull mistakes on a plane not to worry the folks down at carnegie mellon get melons by robotics laboratories they've got you covered using a series of accelerometers the robot snake seen here is able to mimic the movements of its real life counterparts now financed in part by the u.s.

army the robot is being used for a number fings in this case search and rescue don't do it size the robot is able to know. navigate tight spaces and equipped with a camera and a microphone they can also help locate and communicate with victims trapped under collapsed buildings and this latest innovation has us all asking the question which is worse would you rather be trapped under a building or be rescued by a snake we're going to have to answer that one for yourself that's going to do it for now for more on these stories we've covered go to youtube dot com slash our team america check out our website at r t dot com slash usa you also follow me on twitter at m underscore j underscore how well see you at five.

news today violence is once again split up. these are the images the world has been seeing from the streets of canada. joint operations are ok.

the international apples in the very heart of moscow.

hello and welcome to technology update living in a computerized world everything is driven by the push to be both smaller and faster at the same time nowhere is this. more evident than with the creme de la crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago wouldn't even crack the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media or logical center these powerful machines are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting a jump on potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators is measured in flops or floating operations per second the most recent addition to hydra meds arsenal here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per

second with the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant need of more processing punch. every two years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is they take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we got their start in one thousand nine hundred. eighty three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches over computers didn't become super until nine hundred sixty five. sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition of tasks ten times faster than anything before. the first supercomputer but the same time engineers put the finishing touches on the six. hertz clock speed. per second. crate came out with the first computer

bearing his name has been considered the father of supercomputing in the west and the other side of the iron curtain. with this process. and fast forward to today and only dozen countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the u.s. has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names and the most recent brain power following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgence over the past decade although it hasn't been a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machines in the top five hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top twenty. since two thousand and nine university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe most powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called t. platforms the law of supercomputer made

a splash on the world computing stage by clocking in as the twelfth fastest set up on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remain top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of one point seven pair of clubs or one point seven quadrillion calculations a second. but all that processing power doesn't come easy fueling the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the super computer almost never runs at full power as a result moscow state university plummets and the world standing when you take energy efficiency into consideration the so-called green list rates the top five hundred according to how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of energy offering three hundred twenty two mega flops of processing light per watt. all the way to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers this under wraps may seem like the simplest set up but it offers the

worst results in terms of heat exchange much denser liquid than have been moved to as a better way to launch the heat away these of rains from relatively rudimentary to the processors to a new i.b.m. system the. hot spots are perhaps the most radical attempt to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the crate two which used a waterfall system to pump and then refrigerator directly onto its servers. that idea failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however more than just the country's north and climate. there's a team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle. located a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that work is going on here at

a program systems institute compared to many of the country's other stored universities it may seem like a newcomer having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's a stablished a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. thinkers and all sorts of pies for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work in the field of supercomputers there the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger and better processing machines under the name skiff program systems institute works with around two dozen other institutes and research centers in russia and. over the past decade that partnership has resulted in increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five make it into the top five hundred by annual rankings technological capabilities have progressed concerns have become more serious and require new solutions if you would use any electronic device in size it

means that old the heat produced by it will no longer dissipate in a large area. to be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area. several rank used to give off twenty kilowatts of energy today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount a haze it's simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilated system. with that in mind they've turned to the extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called the engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid based cooling some of you might be thinking hang on wires electronic circuits submerged in water but this coolant is specially designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's not toxic and hypoallergenic but the exact recipe for this

concoction remains a tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their immersed system speak for themselves. a typical cooled server requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does for carrying our calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent but our system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional and cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between the business side and program systems in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused people often have an idea for a finished product in the real world the technical know how to get it to that point academics on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model what's possible when you take

a plunge with their system. given how hot of a topic supercomputer in the business there's some competition to be liquid cooled . for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have turned to a more restrained technological a free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines. built with much different much larger supercomputers and thanks to seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field the sheer size of these great calculators has massively reduced while the processing power has expanded exponentially example of this trend groups. just in time for the most recent ranking. intel processors and co processors. each node. cranks up more than five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using

a miserly one hundred eighty one killed in total became an energy efficient supercomputer in the world. reason why the liquid cooled systems are better they are compact an energy efficient but. here's how we handle this let me show you how we service a computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through a quick disconnect. next disconnect the. network interfaces and take the no doubt that's it. you can do whatever you need for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units. that's everything. get inside the server racks there are plates that push running water over the various generating spots on each node as it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and. the resulting set up is both environmentally friendly and allows

for denser arrangements. the liquid cooling system enables us to place blades very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred eighty teraflops per rank this is a record achievement of our step no one has been able to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology were able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. groups work is attracting international attention. computing like jack dongarra pay a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the theoretical possibility of a green machine. thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardized components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily available and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on besides by using cooling plates rather than a network of pipes with many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble

the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new generation of supercomputers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the new the silent and more powerful new kids on the blog but any computer. soup or not is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the biggest breakthroughs have come in starts and fits moving from vacuum tubes to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already underway one of the biggest shake ups to the old world order in storage has been the decline of hard disk drives moving on from the internal parts flash drives are taking over much coveted market share they're

already ever present in smartphones and tablets of muscle their way into ultra thin laptops but even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise researchers at the moscow institute of physics and technology are pioneering investigations into what's called resistive memory or memristor is for short ok to just north of the capital the facilities here have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country no less than eight former professors have been awarded a nobel prizes go back to the topic of mr they've been called the holy grail of electronics and combine the best of two worlds of storage. right now we are working on what's called a storage class memory device by combining the high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be nonvolatile like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive than magnetic devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generation storage class memory device. so here in the

lab their goal is to create a switch that can be used for storing info the hours long process begins with a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is added it could be any number of different ones but here they've chosen platinum this one's one electrode of the eventual device on top of that there are specialized oxide layers added practically atom by atom for this they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from there they add a layer of titanium nitrate as the final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers thick memristor which functions as an on off switch and has major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving mechanical parts flash memory cells with their. arrangement. which consist of three layers instead of being the switch is split by changing the resistance of the oxide layer. up to ten volts to write and read write and roughly one to read only

a fraction of those figures furthermore this futuristic tech can also handle rewrites its effective lifespan can be stacked layer upon layer vastly increasing density and therefore storage capacity lastly resistive memory is faster than flash to rewrite speeds of less than ten seconds. the theoretical basis for has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. it was then identified as the fourth fundamental circuit element after the capacitor resistor and inductor it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett. the wait was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes have to be used to merely investigate what was done in the previous stages needed to analyze things like exactly how oxygen vacancies formed in the half the and the size the molecular structure of the oxide particles. it will take quite a while to start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working

on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with hewlett packard than those who first launched flash memory on the market because it's good for me to. eventually start replacing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic all around it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the moscow to do physics and technology even the only ones in their own labs are working on memristor prototypes something called the common use center other academics regularly stop by to work through the early stages of their own designs in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting qualities which could help create truly realistic artificial intelligence. further looking into just what could hold the future researchers. they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating informing ministers but they also study designs themselves the structure of choice here is. sandwiched between two layers of platinum at the moment they're trying

different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronic devices. were. possible to create analogs of semantic connection. brain sign ups is that is that communication elements between neurons have a certain feature she asked you if you activate them often they actually change. one sign apps that take no develops so that the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true one has to recycle so. think numerous times in order to memorize it we would use memory stick is it capable of doing exactly the same thing as we did developing quite rapidly now using then we can make a thinking cognitive element that's capable of learning darker orders. still not fully understood about just what their future holds for ours but as

technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far off from machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought in. the nonproliferation treaty stands as one of the most important international agreements ever signed deal it says the treaty is under threat from such countries as direct do some countries get a free pass while others are punished even though they are in complete compliance.

six. to see.

about international and world in the very heart of moscow. welcome back to the update much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part of the process or when it comes down to it its intricate arrangement of circuitry is a foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. and there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you out there may be

intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of processor production technically part of moscow there's a little pride to strip has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible what wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of both people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades though it was a learning curve that has opened up and blossomed into the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organisations including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas knowledge base there are a good many of the great examples we could point to but one of the standout stars is make good on which is russia leading bakers of many things like rope from sim cards to our if i d. text. graded circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new ninety nanometer production line with that mccrone is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave first per year servicing to boast about

but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics producer for that there seems to be a very good answer. we need to micro electronics is an economic as well as a political industry in the world in some well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips destined for t. platforms a russian supercomputer manufacture. with that in mind there are certain industries that really need to have full technological independence the most obvious examples is an air defense systems would be difficult to protect your own skies with your own hardware if nobody were willing to send you the insides as the same with satellite navigation. is the only true alternative to g.p.s. with full global coverage achieved in two thousand and eleven while the space race may be as dead as the cold war microelectronic hardware can still be considered sensitive information despite the fact that it's often intended only for peaceful

purposes. and a great place to find some of the very latest in homegrown tech that exhibitions like the new electronic show which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialists flock to see some of the latest trends in modern microelectronics there were a number of interesting ideas some updates of existing to others entirely new for the more innovative devices we found was offered by multi click processor make of that has come up with a revolutionary way to get at the age old problem of how to best organize operations. a process is a unique device which was designed to the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a process of prior to our product. existing processes that it. counts for a large share of the market worldwide based on the whole newman architecture our architecture however is different the. process is out there parallel action is

significantly limited operations or rank ordered information can only be exchanged by the memory not between control units themselves. so much more free flowing and crucially information should be exchanged between operations directly that having to go through the memory and then multiplex quest to make its mark in the marketplace for processors they've teamed up with one of russia's most innovation. as a member of the start of the organization space cluster now multiclass has found a willing coconspirator in a company called sputniks also a scope of the residents in the business of developing the next generation of satellite technology they believe a kind of lego type of satellite meaning that every chander dies an easy to build with a proper set of pieces here or there simple office space just about everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the sensors interact with the software to make it just which automatically but the hardware that eventually gets put on board their miniature earth orbiters will have to do with

conditions slightly more testing in the air conditioned rooms here. we cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d. and space and other complicated technical systems or there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function for some time this process is designed in such a way as to enable the parallel processes inside it to happen on a multitude of cells with it and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail but just slightly slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work. in its current under development latest multiclass wasn't ready for action. reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions thrown at it including those beyond the temperate environs of earth's atmosphere though the help of multiclass

interesting if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack and space operations shift from giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams for some users though it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind a micro-electronics a brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the institute that built the top soviet super computers the moscow center of sparc technologies has become one of russia's top microchip makers and their most recent offering is the elbrus two s. plus becomes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz two cores a promising power of sixteen gig of flops unlike many risk based processors out there to us plus relies on a compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand they've branched out and have bigger targets inside. the model q board is our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest development that is the two x. plus. the board forms the basis for a brand new computer the k. in four l.

bruce produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware make craft the first batch of them has already rolled off the production lines they're equipped with the touchscreen and could run either linux or windows while they offer performance on par with world leaders many have turned to do so for another no less important reason at the moment we see that our main clients are primarily state and situations and organizations that are concerned about security issues since we develop a system from top to bottom. motherboards compiler. libraries . we have what we call credibility we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive because. at every step along the way these engineers seem to have

security in mind whether it be choosing a tried and true company like me grown to handle the actual production or writing in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory the moscow center of sparc technologies ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power over in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom the transistor sizes continuing to shrink this high tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for this edition of technology update as well as for my time as your humble host i'll be bidding you do but the latest next time the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride. it's easy to.

see. feel.

for america but international airport in the very heart of moscow. coming up on our t.v. while the investigation of the boston marathon bombing continues more information on the eldest suspect has emerged it turns out russia had contacted u.s. authorities about the suspect for the bombings now it seems that the two nations are cooperate ing more as they did before so will this terrorist attack lead to

better relations between the two countries or question war. and the obama administration's then road line with syria the syrian government returns u.s. intel reports with some confidence that the syrian government has used chemical weapons under a people so does this mean the military action by the u.s. is possible find out just ahead plus a controversy all agag bill is making a comeback in the indiana legislature this bill would make it illegal to impose animal abuse at factory farms.