well oh and welcome to technology update living in our computerized world everything is driven by the push to be both smaller and faster at the same time nowhere is this more evident than with the creme de la crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago when even cracked the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if you aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main meteorological sit or these powerful. we are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting a jump on potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators as measured in flops or floating operations per second the most recent addition to hydra mets arsenal here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops order the five trillion for second with the

number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant need of more processing punch. every two years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is they take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we know them got their start in one thousand nine hundred. eighty three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches over computers didn't become super until nine hundred sixty five. sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition but its ability to perform tasks ten times faster than anything before. the first supercomputer at the same time engineers put the finishing touches on the six. hertz clock speed.

per second. rate cannot with the first computer. because they considered supercomputing in the west. with ten processor. and fast forward to today and only countries are capable of producing computers of truly super power the us has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent power following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgence over the past decade. although it hasn't been a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machines in the top five hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top twenty. since two thousand and nine moscow state university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe most powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called tea platforms the love of supercomputer made a splash on the world computing stage by clocking in at the twelfth faster set up

on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of one point seven petta flops or one point seven quadrillion calculations a second put on that processing power doesn't come easy. feeling the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as a result moscow state university is plummets and the world standing when you take energy efficiency into consideration the so-called green list rates the top five hundred according to how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of energy offering three hundred twenty to make a collapse of processing might. cause all the way to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers as the under wraps seem

like the simplest set up but it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange much denser liquid couldn't have been moved to as a better way to launch the heat away these of rains from relatively rudimentary to the processors to a new i.b.m. system the water around hotspots perhaps the most radical attempt to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the great to what used a waterfall system to pump and then refrigerator directly onto its servers. now that idea failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however more than just the country's north and climate. there's a team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle located a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that work is going on here at

a program systems institute compared to many of the country's other stored universities it may seem like a newcomer been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's established a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. and all sorts of pis for example are quick to print their. circuit boards and even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is there were in the field of supercomputers there the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger and better processing machines under the name skiff program systems institute works with around two dozen other institutes and research centers in russia and. over the past decade that partnership has resulted in increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five making it into the top five hundred by annual ranking. technological capabilities have progressed concerns have become more serious and require new solutions if you would use any electronic device in size it means that all the heat produced by it

will no longer dissipate in a large area. be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area while previously as several rank used to give off twenty kilowatts of energy today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount a haze it's simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilated system. with that in mind they've turned to the extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid based cooling some of you might be thinking hang on wires electronic circuits some merged in water but this coolant is specially designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's both non toxic and the exact recipe for the. tightly guarded secret but they

feel the chilling capabilities of their system speak for themselves. a typical requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does for carrying out calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional and cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between on the business side and program systems institute in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused people often have an idea for a finished product in the real world the technical know how to get it to that point academics on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model that shows just what's possible when

you take a plunge with their system. given how hot of a topic supercomputer cooling is in the business there's some competition to be the liquid cooled champs of russia for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have turned to a more restrained technological use of free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines this was originally built with much different much larger supercomputers and thanks to seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field the sheer size of these great calculators has massively reduced while the processing power has expanded exponentially example of this trend groups. installed last autumn just in time for the most recent rankings. intel processors and co processors with two of each on each node. installed here cranks up more than five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using

a miserly one hundred eighty one kilowatts in total became an energy efficient supercomputer nearly two thousand per watt one reason why the liquid cooled systems are better is that they are compact in energy efficient but what about maintenance here's how we handle this let me show you how we service a pure note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through quick disconnect couplings. next disconnect the network interfaces. take the no doubt. have to do whatever you need for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units but hard disk and so on that's everything. it inside the. running water over the various generating spots on each node as the water swish it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and. the resulting in the friendly as for. the liquid cooling system enables us to place

very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred teraflops per rank this is a record achievement of ours to know what enable to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology we're able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rack. is attracting international attention. computing like jack dongarra pay a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the theoretical possibility of a tin pail green machine thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardized components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily available and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on besides by using work of pipes many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. that in mind step by

step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new generation of super computers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the new the silent and more powerful new kids on the blog but any computer or not is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand. over the years some of the biggest breakthroughs have common starts and fits from vacuum tubes to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already underway. to the. storage has been the decline of hard disk drives. internal moving parts. are taking over much coveted market share they're already ever present in smartphones and tablets. laptops but even before this technology

has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise searches of the. technology are pioneering investigations into what's called memory for short ok to just north of the capital the facilities here have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country. professors have been awarded a nobel prize back to the topic of the. best storage. right now what's called a storage class memory device by combining the high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generation storage memory device. their goal is to create a switch that can be storing info process begins with

a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is added to get the different ones but here. on top of that there are specialized oxide layers added practically atom by atom they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from there they add a layer of titanium as the final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers which functions as an. off switch major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving mechanical parts flash memory cells with their. arrangement that consist of three layers instead of the switch is split by changing the resistance of the layer. and. the fraction of. this futuristic tech can also handle rewrites its

effective lifespan can be stacked layer upon layer vastly increasing density and therefore storage capacity lastly resistive memory is faster than flash to rewrite speeds of less than ten seconds. the theoretical basis for has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. identified as the fourth fundamental circuit element after the capacitor resistor and inductor but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett packard the wait was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes have to be used to merely investigate what was done in the previous stages needed to analyze things like exactly how oxygen in the half the. structure of the oxide particles. it will take quite a while before we start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with hewlett packard than those who first launched flash memory on the market for me to.

start replacing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the physics and technology even the only ones and only labs working prototype something called the common use center other academics regularly to work through the early stages of their own design in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some. very interesting which could help create truly realistic artificial intelligence. further looking into just what could hold for the future our research is that. they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating informing them but they also study designs themselves the structure of choice here is. sandwiched between two layers of platinum at the moment they're trying different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronic devices. are no use possible to create analogs of

semantic connection. brain sign ups is that is that communication elements between neurons have a certain feature used she asked you if you activate them often they actually change. stead of one sign apps take no develops more so that the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it. memory is a capable of doing exactly the same thing as you did developing quite rapidly now using them we can make a thinking cognitive element base this capable of learning. much still not fully understood about ministers and just what their future holds for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far off from machines that think just like

we do that's an interesting thought indeed. wealthy british style. priceless. market why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy with mike's cause or for a no holds barred look global financial headlines kaiser reports on our.

please. he. says.

so.

well back to technology updates much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part of the process or when it comes down to it it's interviewed arrangement of circuitry is a foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. and there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you out there may be intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of processor production technically part of moscow there's a little pride to strip has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech however this wasn't always possible what wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of both people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades though is a linux that has opened up and blossomed into the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organisations

including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas of knowledge base there are a good many of the great examples we could point to. but one of the stars which is russia's leading maker of many things micro from sim cards to our if i d. text integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new ninety nanometer production line with that mccrone is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave per year certainly something to boast about but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics producer for that there seems to be a very good answer. we need to micro electronics is an economic as well as a political at history in the world and some well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips destined for ti platforms a russian supercomputer manufacture. with that in mind there are certain industries

that really need to have technological independence the most obvious example is an air defense systems would be difficult to protect your own skies with your own hardware if nobody were willing to send you the insides as the same with satellite navigation. is the only true alternative to g.p.s. with full global coverage achieved in two thousand and eleven the space race maybe is dead is the cold war microelectronic hardware can still be considered sensitive information despite the fact that it's often intended only for peaceful purposes. and a great place to find some of the very latest in homegrown tech exhibitions like the new electronic show which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialist to see some of the latest trends in modern microelectronics there were a number of interesting ideas some updates of existing to others entirely new the more innovative devices was offered by a processor make of it has come up with a revolutionary way to get at the age old problem of how to best operations.

process is a unique device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular aka. and had never been implemented in a processor prior to our product. existing processes that account for a large share of the market worldwide based on the whole neumann architecture our architecture however is different. from most processes out there parallel action is significantly limited operations are rank ordered information can only be exchanged by the memory not between control units themselves. much more free flowing and crucially information should be exchanged between operations directly that having to go through the memory and then multiplex quest to make its mark in the market place for processors they've teamed up with one of russia's most invoke innovation. as a member of the start of the organization space cluster now has found

a willing coconspirator in a company called sputniks also a skolkovo resident spooks is in the business of developing the next generation of satellite technology they believe in a kind of lego type of satellite meaning that everything should be standardized an easy to build with a proper set of pieces either simple office space just about everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the sensors interact with the software to make adjustments automatically but the hardware that eventually gets put on board their miniature earth orbiters will have to do with conditions slightly more testing in the air conditioned rooms here. because we cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d. and space and other complicated technical systems or there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function with for some time this process is designed in such

a way as to enable the parallel processes inside it's to happen on a multitude of sounds with it and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail but just slightly slows down. as a result it's hard to disrupt it's work. under development the latest chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions including. earth's atmosphere the help of interesting if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack as space operations shift from giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams. though it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind a micro-electronics brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the that built the top supercomputers. technologies has become one of russia's top

microchip makers and their most recent offering is the l. bers two s. plus becomes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz to course and post processing power of sixteen. unlike many risk based processors out there plus relies on the compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand they've branched out and have bigger targets in sight. our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest developments that is. the board forms the basis for a brand new computer. produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware makers craft the first batch of them has already rolled off the production line with the touch screen and could run either linux or windows for performance on par with world leaders. do so for another no less important reason the moment we see that our main clients are primarily state and situations. that are concerned about

security issues since we develop a system from top to bottom. motherboards compiler. libraries. we have what we call credibility we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive because. at every step along the way these engineers seem to have security in mind whether it be choosing a tried and true company like me grown to handle the actual production or writing in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program gaining direct access to the memory. of sparc technologies ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power over in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom with transistor sizes continuing to shrink this high tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for

this edition of technology update as well as for my time as a host i'll be bidding you do but the latest next time with the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride.

i think going down of the sun and good morning we will remember that we will. choose your language. we can we know if you. choose the consensus to. choose the opinions that you think great to. choose the stories that in your life choose access to. live live live. live.

that's to be. the luck of the misleader the i. love. a little. to. see where denies claims to use chemical weapons as the u.s. and its allies draw up a case for intervention based an unverified intelligence from the also.

national sources that say in a hundred people in moscow all suspicion of involvement with islamist militant groups in the north caucuses. and as iceland prepares to head to the polls in the parliamentary elections also moves by the tiny nation stood up for its people during the financial meltdown and refused to rescue the bonds.