say the thing that is interesting is not the censorship is the fact they will movies for whoever's got a lot of cash markets won't be offended but countries with small markets will this is a complete prostitute mentality show that love to any guy who's got bills in his palm you know i was always pretty sure there were a lot of prostitutes working in hollywood i started making the movies but that's just my opinion.

of the international and the very heart of. the so. hello and welcome to technology update living in our computerized world everything is driven by the push to be smaller and faster at this. time nowhere is this more evident than with the creme de la crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago wouldn't even crack the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media or logical center these powerful machines are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting

a jump on the potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators as measured in flops or floating operations per second the most recent addition to rose hydra metz arsenal here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per second but the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant need of more processing punch. every two years new systems to pair that have the same form factor that is they take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we know them got their start in one nine hundred forty one but common to say c three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches over computers didn't become super until nine hundred sixty five with the c.d.c. sixty six hundred it's

a slippery definition but its ability to perform tasks ten times faster than anything before it led many to label it the first supercomputer at the same time so maybe the engineers put the finishing touches on the p.c.'s a mix armed with a forty eight bit processor and to make a hertz clock speed they turned out one make a flops per second one hundred seventy four seymour craig came out with the first computer bearing his name and since then has been considered the father of supercomputing in the west on the other side of the iron curtain bob i had attained the same status with his team's ten processor albums too and fast forward to today and only a few dozen countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the us has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent braking power following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgent over the past decade although it hasn't been a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machines in the top five hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top

twenty. and since two thousand and nine moscow state university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called t. platforms alone most of supercomputer made it splashed on the world computing stage by clocking in as the twelfth fastest set up on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list of hit a peak of one point seven pair of clubs or one point seven quadrillion calculates a second. but all that processing power doesn't come. if you look at the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as a result moscow state university is low on those of plummets in the world standing when you take energy efficiency into consideration the so-called green list rates

the top five hundred according to how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of energy offering three hundred twenty to make a collapse of processing light per watt alone also falls although to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers under wraps ever insulation may seem like the simplest set up but it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange much denser liquid than have been moved to as a better way to launch the heat away these of rains are relatively rudimentary too strong along the processors to a new i.b.m. system that pumps warm water around c.p.u. hotspots perhaps the most radical attempt to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the great to what used a waterfall system that pumped and inert refrigerant directly onto its servers. now that idea failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however they'll need to rely on more than just the country's north and climate. there's

a team of researchers are working to make sure that the globe most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle. located a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that work is going on here at the program systems institute compared to many of the country's other stored universities it may seem like a newcomer having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's stablish to to refuse. as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. these eight has had their thinkers in all sorts of pies for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work in the field of supercomputers they're the head organisation in an international partnership to bigger and better processing machines to the name skiff program systems institute works with around two dozen other institutes and research centers in russia and belarus over the past decade and that partnership has resulted in increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least making

it into the top five hundred by annual raking but its technological capabilities have progressed old concerns have become more serious and require new solutions and if you reduce any electronic device in size it means that all the heat produced by it will no longer dissipate in a large area instead be constrained by a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area. today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount a haze it's simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling matt. using our ventilator system. with that in mind they've turned to the seemingly extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid based cooling now some of you might be thinking hang on wires electronic circuits

some urged in water but don't worry this coolant is designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's both non toxic and hypoallergenic but the exact recipe for this cooling concoction remains a tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their immersed system speak for themselves. a typical cool requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does for carrying our calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional air cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between source on the business side and program systems terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused people often have an idea for a finished product in the real world but lacks technical know how to get it to that point i get to mix on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex

problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after years of work the teams have an experimental model that shows just what's possible when you take a plunge with their immersed system. given how hot of a topic supercomputer cooling is in the business there's some competition to be the liquid cooled champs of russia for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have turned to a more restrained technological use of free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines the center was originally built with much different much larger supercomputers in mind who are thanks to seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field this year size of these great calculators has massively reduced while the processing power has expanded exponentially the latest example of this trend is our a c. groups in vs tempe installed last autumn just in time for the most recent rankings

. of the very latest intel processors and co processors with two of each on each node in vs ten p. installed here cranks up more than five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using a miserly one hundred eighty one kilowatts in total they came in as a thirty as most energy efficient supercomputer in the world squeezing out nearly two thousand make a flops per watt one reason why the liquid cooled systems are better they are compact an energy efficient but what about maintenance here's how we handle this let me show you how we service the computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through quick disconnect uplinks. next disconnect the network at its . and to no doubt that said after you could do it if you need for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units but hard disk and so on that's everything. get inside the server racks there are plates that push running water over the various generating

spots on each node as the water swishes by it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and the liquid recouping apparatus the resulting set up is both environmentally friendly and allows for denser arrangements. the liquid cooling system unable to place blade servers very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred eighty teraflops per rank this is a record achievement of ours that no one has been able to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology we're able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. r.c.s. groups work is attracting international attention with leading minds in green supercomputing like jack dongarra paying a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the theoretical possibility of a tin pail green machine thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardized components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily

available and very convenient in terms of die every time pricing and so on decides by using cooling plates rather than a network of pipes with many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. bearing that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new generation supercomputers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the nearly silent and more powerful new kid. blog but any computer soup or not is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the biggest breakthroughs have come as arts and fits moving from vacuum tube to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already underway one of the biggest shake ups to the old world order

in storage has been the decline of hard disk drives moving on from the idea of internal moving parts flash memory drives are taking over much coveted market share they're already ever present in smartphones and tablets are way into older than laptops but even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise. institute of physics and technology are pioneering investigations into what's called resistive memristor is for short ok to just north of the capital the facilities here have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country no less than eight former professors have been awarded nobel prizes but back to the topic of they've been called the holy grail of electronics it combines the best of two worlds of storage. right now we are working on what's called a storage class memory device by combining the high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be nonvolatile like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive than magnetic

devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generate. storage class memory device. so here in the lab their goal is to create a nano sized switch that they can be used for storing info the hours long process begins with a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is added it could be any number of different ones but here they've chosen platinum just forms one electrode of the eventual device on top of that there are specialized oxide layers added practically atom by atom for this they've chosen hafnium oxide doped or imbued with aluminum particles from there they add a layer of titanium nitrate as the final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers thick memristor which functions as an on off switch and has major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving mechanical parts flash memory cells with the floating gates higher a more complex arrangement than ministers which consist of only three layers

instead of the big ministers a switch is split by changing the resistance of the oxide layer whereas flash drives demand up to ten volts and read write and roughly one to read the research back years furthermore this futuristic tech can also handle way more rewrites boosting its effect. if lifespan and riches can be stacked layer upon layer vastly increasing density and therefore storage capacity lastly resisted the release that's true than flash offering the rewrite speeds of less than ten seconds. the theoretical basis for the ministers has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. it was then identified as the fourth fundamental circuit element after the capacitor resistor and inductor but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in a life by hewlett packard the way it was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes have to be used to merely investigate what was done in the previous stages that's needed to analyze things like exactly how oxygen vacancies formed in the half the and as well as the size the molecular structure of the oxide particles. it will take quite

a while before we start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with hewlett packard the most so than those who first launched flash memory on the market where much of its investors could start replacing transistor based blast drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic all around it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the moscow institute of physics and technology aren't even the only ones in their own labs working on the prototype home to something called the common use center other academics regularly stop by to work through the early stages of their own designs in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting qualities which could help create truly realistic artificial intelligence. further looking into just what ministers could hold for the future research at n.t.t. in d.t. where they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating and forming ministers but they also study designs and valves the structure of choice

here is titanium oxide sandwiched between two layers of platinum at the moment they're trying not to. i ching patterns to see which could how we view electronic devices. it's possible to create analogs of semantic connection. brain sign ups is that is that communication elements between neurons have a certain feature. if you activate them often they actually change. stead of one sign apps take no develops so that the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true. one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it. exists a thing developing quite rapidly now then we can make a thinking cognitive and. there's much still not fully understood about the misters and just what their future holds

for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far off machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought it. was. at the. wealthy british style. that's not on. markets why not. gonna. find out what's really happening to the global economy with max cons or for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune in to kaiser report on r.g.p. . and

. the book about international apples in the very heart of moscow.

welcome back to technology update much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part of the processor when it comes down to it it's intricate arrangement of circuitry is the foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. but there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you out there may be intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of processor production technically part of moscow there's a little district has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible what wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of people in technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades when a grad has opened up at us and it's the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organisations including two

institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas of knowledge base there a good many of the great examples we could point to but one of the stand out stars is make good on which is russia's leading maker of many micro from sim cards to our if i d. text integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new ninety nanometer production line with that mccrone is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave first per year certainly something to boast about but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics producer well for that there seems to be a very good answer. microelectronics is an economic as well as a political industry in the world and some well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips destined for ti platforms russian supercomputer manufacture. with that in mind there are certain industries that really need to have full

technological independence for the most obvious examples is it air defense systems would be difficult to protect your own skies with your own hardware if nobody were willing to send you the insides as the same with satellite navigation. precious aloneness is the only true alternative to g.p.s. with full global coverage and she did two thousand and eleven and while the space race maybe is dead is the cold war microelectronic hardware can still be considered sensitive information despite. back there is often intended only for peaceful purposes. and a great place to find some of the very latest in homegrown tech that exhibition like the new electronic show which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialists flock to see some of the latest trends in modern microelectronics there were a number of interesting ideas some updates of existing tech others entirely new for the more innovative devices we found was offered by a processor make of that has come up with a revolutionary way to get at the age old problem of how to best organize

operations. a process that is a unique device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a processor prior to our product. existing prices that account for a large share of the market world wide web based on the whole new man architecture our architecture however is different. for most processors out there parallel action is significantly limited operations are rank ordered information can only be exchanged by the memory not between control units themselves with that however things are much more free flowing and crucially information can be exchanged between operations directly without having to go through the memory and then multiplex quest to make it in the marketplace for processors they've teamed up with one of russia's most in both innovation fund skulk as a member to start from the organization space cluster now has found a willing coconspirator in a company called sputniks also

a skolkovo resident sputniks is in the business of developing the next generation of satellite technology they believe in a kind of may go type of satellite meaning that everything should be standardized an easy to build with a proper head of pieces either simple office space they've got just about everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the sensors into. that's the software to make it just with automatic hardware that eventually gets put on board their miniature earth orbiters will have to deal with conditions slightly more testing in the air conditioned rooms here. cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d. space and other complicated technical systems there is no a few atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function there for some time this process is designed in such a way as to enable the pull of processes inside it to happen on

a multitude of cells and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work. current models under development the latest multiclass chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions including those beyond the temporal environs of earth's atmosphere so the help of multiclass interesting. should be at the front of the pack and space operations giant state organizations the smaller more nimble teams. it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind microelectronics brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. it's roots in the institute that the two. supercomputers the moscow center of sparta technologies has become one of russia's top microchip makers and their most recent offering is the elbrus two s. plus becomes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz two cores and post

processing power of sixteen. unlike many risk based processors out there to us plus relies on the compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand they've branched out and have bigger targets in sight. model q board is our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest developments that is the two s. plus m k p. the board forms the basis for a brand new computer the k. in for. produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware makers first batch of them has already rolled off the production lines there are quick with the touch screen but run either linux or windows while they offer performance on par with world leaders many who turn to do so for another no less important reason at the moment we see that our main clients are primarily state and situations and organizations that are concerned about security issues since we develop

a system from top to bottom. motherboards compiler. libraries. we have what we'd call credibility. we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive. at every step along the way these engineers seem to have security in mind whether it be choosing a tried and true company like me prone to handle the actual production or writing in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory the monster of our technology ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power over in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom the transistor sizes continue. to shrink this high tech industry as confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for this edition of technology update as well as for my time as your humble host i'll be

bidding you do because the latest next time with the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride.

i. leave.

in the very heart of moscow. poisonous politics the u.s. claims that damascus chemical weapons. that an intervention is possible that the probe is far from solid. early results and parliamentary elections suggest that euro skeptic parties are likely to come out on top at the ballot box as the nordics

farther away from the blighted euro zone. a recent study shows us cable channels are suffering. as the audience is repelled by opinion dominated reporting.