could destroy the health of millions of americans is no blasphemy in my book a fascist my opinion. hello and welcome to technology update living in our computerized world everything is driven by the push to bebo solar faster at the same time nowhere is this more evident than with the crim dollar crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago wouldn't even crack the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media or logical center these powerful machines are put to the test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us

a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting a jump on potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators as measured in flops or floating operations per second the most recent addition to rows hydra meds arsenal here is capable of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per second with the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant need of more processing punch. every two years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is they take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we know them got their start in one thousand nine hundred one but coming through c.c. three that was followed by the a.t.c. computer which employed vacuum tubes to implement the switches. over computers

didn't become super until nine hundred sixty five with sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition but its ability to perform tasks ten times faster than anything before it led many to label the first superhero at the same time engineers put the finishing touches on the six. processor hertz clock speed. per second. before craig came out with the first computer bearing his name and since then has been considered the father of supercomputing in the west and the other side of the iron curtain. with ten processors. and fast forward to today and only dozen countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the u.s. has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent power following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgent over the past decade although it hasn't been a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machines in the top five

hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top twenty. since two thousand and nine university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe most powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called ti platforms the love of supercomputer made a splash on the world computing stage by clocking in as the twelfth fastest set up on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of one point seven petta flops or one point seven quadrillion calculations a second put on that processing power doesn't come easy fueling the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as a result moscow. plummets in the world standings when you take energy efficiency

into consideration the so-called green list rates the top five hundred according to how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of energy offering three hundred twenty to make lots of processing light per watt. all the way to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers this under wraps air ventilation may seem like the simplest set up but it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange with. the heat away. from. the processors to a new i.b.m. system the. hot spots. to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the crate to waterfall system pumps and the refrigerator directly onto its servers. now that idea of failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia of a fully immersed cooling system may be coming out of hibernation. for that however

rather than just the country's north and climate. there's a team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle located a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that work is going on here at a program systems institute compared to many of the country's other sword universities it may seem like a newcomer having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and it even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work in the field of supercomputers they're the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger and better processing machines under the name skiff program institute works with around two dozen of the. institutes and search centers

in russia and over the past decade that partnership has increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five make it into the top five hundred by annual rankings technological capabilities have progressed concerns have become more serious and require new solutions if you reduce any electronic device in size it means that all the heat produced by it will no longer dissipate in a large area. be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area called previously several rank used to give off twenty kilowatts of energy today that figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount a haze it's simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilated system. with that in mind they've turned to the seemingly extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called engineer an entire system that maximizes the advantage of liquid

based cooling some of you might be thinking of wires electronic circuits some urged in water but this coolant is specially designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't conduct electricity it's an inert dielectric chemical composition that's both non toxic and hypoallergenic the exact recipe for this concoction remains a tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their immersed system speak for themselves which is a typical cooled server requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does for carrying out calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent but a system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional and cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between the business side and program systems in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused

people often have an idea for a finished product in the real world the technical know how to get it to that point academics on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model what's possible when you take a plunge with their system. given how hot of a topic supercomputer in the business there's some competition to be liquid cooled . for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have strained. a free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines. built with much different much larger supercomputers and thanks to seemingly never and technological innovations in this field the sheer size of these great calculators reduced while the

processing power has expanded exponentially example of this trend groups. just in recent rankings. process. each node. more than five hundred capacity using a one hundred eighty one killed in total. energy efficient supercomputer in the world. per watt. the liquid cooled systems are better they are compact an energy efficient but. here's how we handle this let me show you how we service a computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through quick disconnect couplings. next disconnect the network in. defaces take the no doubt that's it. you can do whatever you need for example replace the memory chips or handle a power supply units. that's everything. get inside the

server racks there are plates that push running water over the various generating spots on each node as the water swish it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and. the resulting set up is both environmentally friendly and allows for denser arrangements. the liquid cooling system enables us to place blades very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred eighty teraflops per rank this is a record achievement of our step no one has been able to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology were able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. work is attracting international attention. computing like jack dongarra pay a visit at the start of april he had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the theoretical possibility of

a green machine. thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardized components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily available and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on besides by using cooling plates rather than a network of pipes with many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new generation of super computers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the new the silent and more powerful new kids on the blog but any can . or not is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the biggest breakthroughs have come in starts and fits moving from vacuum tube to

transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already underway. to the. storage has been the decline of hard disk drives. the idea of internal moving parts flash memory drives are taking over much coveted market share they're already ever present in smartphones and tablets. laptops but even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise. of the moscow institute of physics and technology are pioneering investigations into what's called resistive memory for short ok to just north of the capital the facilities here have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country. professors have been awarded a nobel prize back to the topic of the. electronics best of two worlds of storage. right now what's called a storage class memory device by combining the high performance of random access

memory this hybrid would also be like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive than magnetic devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generation storage memory device. so here in the lab their goal is to create a switch that can be restoring info process begins with a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is added to get the different ones but here they've chosen. the eventual device on top of that they're specialized oxide layers added practically atom by atom they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from there they add a layer of titanium night. as the final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers thick memristor which functions as an on off switch and has major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving

mechanical parts. arrangement. which consist of three layers instead of the switch is split by changing the resistance of the layer . to write. one to read the fraction. furthermore this futuristic tech can also handle rewrites its effective lifespan. vastly increasing density and therefore storage capacity lastly resistive memory flash to rewrite speeds and. the theoretical basis for actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. it was then identified as the fourth fundamental circuit element after the capacitor resistor. but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett packard the wait was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes. to get what was done in

the previous he just needed analyzed things like exactly how. the half the. structure of the oxide particles. it will take quite a while before we start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with. them those who first launched flash memory on the market. could eventually start replacing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the physics and technology even the only ones in their own labs a working prototype home to something called the common use center other academics regularly. to work through the early stages of their own design in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting which could help create truly realistic artificial intelligence. further looking

into just what could hold for the future researchers at. where they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating informing them but they also study designs themselves the structure of choice here is. sandwiched between two layers of platinum at the moment they're trying out different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronic devices. are no or yes possible to create analogs of semantic connection. brain sign ups is that is that communication elements between neurons have a certain feature used she asked you if you activate them often they actual piece change. stead of one sign that says take no develops so that the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it human memory is

a capable of doing exactly the same fate as you did developing quite rapidly now using them we can make a thinking cognitive element base that's capable of learning. and others might still not fully understood about ministers and just what their future holds for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far off from machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought indeed. thank you.

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. welcome back to technology update much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part of the process or when it comes down to it it's interviewed a range of circuitry is the foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. into their hands world famous bread and many of you out there may be

intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of processor production technically part of moscow is the integrated district has long been the place to go if you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible what wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of both people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades though it was a limit that has opened up and blossomed into the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organisations including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas knowledge base there are a good many of the great examples we could point to but one of the standout stars is meeker on which is russia's leading baker of many things micro from sim cards to our if i d. text integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new ninety nanometer production line with that me krug is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave first per year certainly something to boast about but why exactly does russia need its own mighty microelectronics

producer for that there seems to be a very good answer. meaning you can micro electronics is an economic as well as a political and destroying the world in some well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain car chips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips. destined for t. platforms in super computer manufacture. there are certain industries that really need to have technological independence. examples. would be difficult to protect. hardware if nobody were willing to see the insides as the same with satellite navigation. is the only true alternative to g.p.s. coverage. that hardware still be considered sensitive information despite the fact that it's often intended for peaceful purposes great place to find some of the very latest in homegrown tech

like the new electronic show which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialist. microelectronics there were a number of interesting ideas. for the more innovative devices. processor make that has come up with a revolutionary way to get at the problem of how to best operations. device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a process of prior to our product. existing processes that account for a large share of the market well why. our architecture however is different to. their peril action is significantly limited

operations are information can only be exchanged by the memory not between control . and crucially information exchange between operations directly without having to go to memory and to make its mark in the marketplace for processors. as a member of the start of the organization space cluster now has found a willing coconspirator in a company called sputniks also a skolkovo resident in the business of developing the next generation of satellite technology they believe in a kind of lego type of satellite meaning that everything should be standardizing easy to build with a proper set of pieces even if they're simple office space they've got just about everything they need at their testing stand they check to see just how well the sensors interact with the software to make adjustments automatically but the hardware that eventually gets put on board their miniature earth orbiters will have to do with conditions slightly more testing in the air conditioned rooms here. we

cannot use ordinary processes like intel and a.m.d. and space and other complicated technical systems or there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function for some time this process is designed in such a way as to enable the parallel processes inside it to happen on a multitude of cells with it and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail just slightly slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work to store. current models under development the latest chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions thrown at it could be the temper environs of earth's atmosphere both the help of interesting if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack as space operations shift from

giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams were still news as though it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind microelectronics a brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the institute that built the top soviet super computers the moscow. technology has become one of russia's top micro chip makers and their most recent offering is. it comes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz two cores and processing power of sixteen. unlike many risk based processors out there plus relies on the compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively with that in hand they've branched out and have bigger targets in sight. the model cube our attempt to make quite a cheap computer latest development that is the best plus.

the board forms the basis for a brand new computer. produced by one of russia's leading computer hardware makers craft the first batch of them has already rolled off the production line with the touch screen and could run either linux or windows for performance on par with world leaders. do so for another no less important reason the moment we see that clients are primarily state and situations. that are concerned about security issues since we develop a system from top to bottom. motherboards compiler. libraries . we'd call credibility we can guarantee that our product doesn't have declared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive because. every step along the way these engineers seem to have security in mind whether be choosing

a tried and true company like me prone to handle the actual production or writing in a special secure mode potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory. technology ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power in the world of microelectronics it's certainly not all doom and gloom with transistor sizes continuing to shrink. this high tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for this edition of technology uptake as well as for my time as your humble host leaving you would do but the latest next time with the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride. welcome to teal one of air you can feel at home.

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oh good god. the latest news on the week's top stories here on r.t. as u.s. investigators dig further into the details behind the boston blast questions are

raised over whether washington's reluctance to consider evidence from moscow prevented the f.b.i. from taking action against suspects. warhawk said their sides on syria and its rumors that the military there have been using chemical weapons while damascus vows its arsenals are under lock and key and calls the charges a bare faced lie. clashes and protests as unemployment records batter the euro's ill with even brussels this week sounding the alarm over the cost of it's a sturdy strategy. and the official number one.