you which the mainstream media has been keeping quiet for years you know you'd think that people would be outraged over segregation but what happens to russians and russian speakers it's just not cool or hip or trendy or convenient enough for the mainstream media to take notice but that's just my opinion. into the future good mix of pewters these days so super is the memory for that russian research is have got a few ideas that could make cognitive computing a reality what about the process or check out a radical new architecture that promises unparalleled power design for the stars and is that got you all under the collar don't worry because the latest cooling systems ensure neither you nor the globe's top super computers break a sweat and you hear. the future.

hello and welcome to technology update living in our computerized world everything is driven by the push to be both smaller and faster at the same time nowhere is this more evident than with the cream to the crim or supercomputers if you like the world's fastest from just a decade ago when even cracked the top five hundred today super computers are actually a part of our everyday lives even if we aren't aware of it for example at places like russia's main media or logical center these powerful machines are put to the.

test every day to crunch unthinkable amounts of data in order to give us a better glimpse of what weather awaits us they can be used for planning flights more efficiently and for getting a jump on potentially dangerous storms before they're obvious in the skies above the performance of such complex calculators is measured in flops or operations per second the most recent addition to hydra meds arsenal here is full of up to thirty five teraflops or thirty five trillion calculations per second with the number of data points constantly on the rise researchers are in constant need of more processing punch. to years new systems appear that have the same form factor that is take up the same amount of space and most importantly they use the same amount of energy but have twenty to thirty times more processing power than previous generation. computers as we got their start in one thousand nine hundred. eighty three that was followed by the a.b.c. computer vacuum tubes to implement the switch over computers didn't become super

until nine hundred sixty five. sixty six hundred it's a slippery definition but its ability to perform tasks ten times faster than anything before. the first supercomputer at the same time engineers put the finishing touches on the six. hertz clock speed. per second. crate came out with the first computer. and since then has been considered the father of supercomputing in the. other side of the. processor. and fast forward to today only countries are capable of producing computers of truly superpower the us has been there probably will continue to be the top dog here accounting for around half the names in the most recent. following a tough time in the one nine hundred ninety s. russia has made a major resurgence over the past decade other would. in

a straight shot to the top the direction is clear more machine the top five hundred and more power packed inside and recently one russian machine broke the top twenty . since two thousand and nine moscow state university has been the proud possessor of eastern europe most powerful computer designed and put together by a russian company called the platforms the love of supercomputer made a splash on the world computing stage by clocking in as the twelfth fast to set up on the globe since it was installed the fast paced processor has had several upgrades and remains the top machine in the country and the most recent list have hit a peak of one point seven petta flops or one point seven quadrillion calculations a second put on that processing power doesn't come easy fueling the lightning fast tabulations are some two point eight make a watts of electricity which is enough to power several thousand homes a large chunk of that is eaten up by the massive cooling system you see here because of that it's reported the supercomputer almost never runs at full power as

a result moscow state university plummets and the world standing when you take energy efficiency into consideration the so-called green list rates the top five hundred according how many calculations they squeeze out of each unit of offering three hundred twenty two mega flops of processing light per watt. all the way to one hundred eighty six in the green list there are several ways to keep supercomputers this under wraps air ventilation may seem like the simplest set up but it offers the worst results in terms of heat exchange much denser liquid couldn't have been moved to as a better way to launch the heat away these of rains from relatively rudimentary to processors to a new i.b.m. system that pumps warm water around hot spots perhaps the most radical attempt to harness the cooling qualities of liquids as the great to what used a waterfall system to pump and then refrigerator directly onto its servers. that idea failed to gain traction immediately but out here amongst the slowly melting snow in russia the notion of a fully immersed cooling. system may be kind of hibernation. however more than just

the country's north and climate. there's a team of researchers working to make sure that the globe's most powerful processors don't get too hot to handle. located a few hours to the north east of moscow much of that work is going on here at the program systems institute compared to many of the country's other stored universities it may seem like a newcomer having been founded in one thousand nine hundred four but since that time though it's a stablished a reputation as one of the centers of high powered computer tech. these aig has had their fingers in all sorts of pies for example they're equipped to print their own circuit boards and it even dabbled in cluster computing solutions but most interesting for our purposes is their work in the field of supercomputers through the head organisation in an international partnership developing bigger and better processing machines under the name skiff program systems institute works with

around two dozen other centers in russia and. over the past decade that partnership has resulted increasingly sophisticated generations of supercomputers including at least five make it into the top five hundred by annual rankings technological capabilities have progressed old concerns have become more serious and require new solutions if you would use any electronic device in size it means that all the heat produced by it will no longer dissipate in a large area. to be constrained to a very limited space as a result you have a huge amount of heat and a very small area called previously as several rock used to give off twenty kilowatts of energy today the figure is up as high as one hundred kilowatts that's a colossal amount he said simply impossible to deal with that much heat using traditional cooling methods using a ventilated system. with that in mind they've turned to the seemingly extreme solution of police emerged cooling together with a company called store do so. engineer an entire system that maximizes the of

liquid based cooling some of you might be thinking wires electronic circuits some urged in water. cooling is specially designed not to interact with server boards it doesn't tricity it's dielectric chemical composition that's both nontoxic and hypoallergenic an exact recipe for this. tightly guarded secret but they feel the chilling capabilities of their system speak for themselves. a typical cool requires about as much energy for the cooling system as it does for carrying our calculations which means energy demands are increased by one hundred percent system only requires as little as five to seven percent additional energy in other words it is some fifteen or twenty times more energy efficient than traditional cooling systems. according to those involved this was a true partnership between the business side and program systems in terms of engineering and in their minds this kind of cooperation is ideal business focused

people often have an idea for a finished product in the real world the technical know how to get it to that point academics on the other hand are great at finding solutions to complex problems but not always envisioning how that will find its place in the market after two years of work the teams have an experimental model what's possible when you take a plunge with. a topic supercomputer in the business there's some competition to be the liquid cooled champs of russia for example those at the joint supercomputer center at the russian academy of sciences have turned to a more restrained technological a free flowing fluids founded in one thousand nine hundred six the center has been and continues to host a number of super powerful processing machines. built with much different much larger supercomputers and thanks to seemingly never ending technological innovations in this field the sheer size of these great calculators has massively

reduced while the processing power has expanded exponentially. groups. just in time for the most recent ranking. processors and co processors. each node. five hundred teraflops at peak capacity using a miserly one hundred eighty one killed in total. energy efficient supercomputer in the world. per watt. reason why the liquid cooled systems are better they are compact an energy efficient but. here's how we handle this let me show you how we service a computer note first we disconnect the liquid cooling system through a quick disconnect couplings. next disconnect the network. interfaces and take the no doubt that's it. you can do whatever you need for example replace the memory chips or handle

a power supply units. that's everything. inside the server. running water over the various generating spots on each node as the water swish it draws the heat out and pushes it on through the rest of the piping and. the resulting set up is both environmentally friendly and allows for denser arrangements. the liquid cooling system enables us to place blade servers very close together in the server rack raising the computer performance to run one hundred eighty teraflops per rank this is a record achievement of our step no one has been able to emulate so far additionally by using liquid cooling technology we're able to effectively remove up to one hundred kilowatts of heat from each rock. groups work is attracting international attention in green supercomputing like jack dongarra pay a visit at start of april had nothing but praise for the computer that showed the

theoretical possibility of a tin pail green machine. thanks to the technology that we use that is the standardised components and cooling plate we can ensure that our product is readily available and very convenient in terms of delivery time pricing and so on besides by using cooling plates rather than a network of pipes with many intricate connections it is much easier to assemble the device and increase its reliability since there are fewer connection points there are fewer potential defects and problems that could arise. that in mind step by step these noisy and somewhat cluttered old machines are giving way to the new generation of super computers and their super efficient cooling systems with more orderly set ups and with none of the blustery ventilation systems it's hard to compete with the nearly silent and more powerful new kids on the blog but any computer. is pretty much useless without memory while the principles behind moore's law have worked and gradually expand capabilities over the years some of the

biggest breakthroughs have come in starts and fits from vacuum tubes to transistors way back when and looking at the consumer computer market today another major shift is already underway. to the storage has been the decline of hard disk drives. internal moving parts flash memory drives are taking over much coveted market share they're already ever present in smartphones and tablets. laptops but even before this technology has had its full day in the sun a potential challenger is on the rise. of the. technology our pioneering investigations into what's called memory for short ok to just north of the capital have been home to some of the greatest scientific minds in the country. professors have been awarded a nobel prize back to the topic of the. best storage. right now. storage class memory device by

combining the high performance of random access memory this hybrid would also be like a conventional hard drive disk and be much faster and less expensive devices at the moment memristor based resistive memory has the best chance of becoming the next generation storage memory device. their goal is to create a switch that can be storing info process begins with a simple silicon wafer on top of that a layer of metal is added. different ones but here. on top of that there are specialized oxide layers added practically atom by atom they've chosen hafnium oxide. aluminum particles from there they add a layer of titanium. final slice of bread for their memory sandwich the end result is a roughly one hundred nanometers thick memristor which functions as an on off switch and has major advantages over flash. even though there are no moving mechanical

parts flash memory cells with their. arrangement in ministers' which consist of only three layers instead of the ministers a switch is split by changing the resistance of the oxide layer. up to ten volts try and rewrite and roughly one to read only a fraction of those figures furthermore this futuristic tech can also handle more rewrites its effect of lifespan can be stacked layer upon layer vastly increasing density and therefore storage capacity lastly resistive memory is faster than flash offering the rewrite speeds of less than ten seconds. the theoretical basis for been has actually been around since the one nine hundred seventy s. it was then identified as the fourth fundamental circuit element after the capacitor resistor and inductor but it took until two thousand and eight before it could be demonstrated in real life by hewlett packard the way it was so long because of the tiny dimensions of the bits involved electron microscopes have to be

used to merely investigate what was done in the previous stages needed to analyze things like exactly how oxygen vacancies formed in the hafnium as well as the size the molecular structure of the oxide particles i don't know but. it will take quite a while before we start implementing this technology in actual devices but we're working on this right now and perhaps we're already able to compete with hewlett packard the most so than those who first launched flash memory on the market. could eventually start replacing transistor based drives in the coming years given the interest in the topic all around it shouldn't be too surprising that the researchers here in the moscow institute of physics and technology aren't even the only ones in their own labs working on memristor prototypes home to something called the common use center other academics regular least. by to work through the early stages of their own design in fact the unique combination of materials being tried out here is exhibiting some very interesting wallabies which could help

create truly realistic artificial intelligence. further looking into just what ministers could hold for the future a research is that. they not only manufacture the equipment necessary for investigating informing ministers but they also study designs themselves the structure of choice here is. sandwiched between two layers of platinum at the moment they're trying out different etching patterns to see which could revolutionize how we view electronic devices. are no or yes possible to create analogs of semantic connection. brain sign ups is that is that communication elements between neurons have a certain feature used she asked you if you activate them often they actually change. stead of one sign apps take no develops more so than the old saying that practice makes perfect is definitely true one has to recycle something numerous times in order to memorize it and use memory sticks is it capable of doing

exactly the same thing as you're developing quite rapidly now would be using them we can make a thinking cognitive element base that's capable of learning back up orders which you. know there's much still not fully understood about memristor years and just what their future holds for ours but as technology advances and with all the work that's going on just around the russian capital we may not be that far off from machines that think just like we do and that's an interesting thought indeed. download the official application to yourself choose your language stream quality and enjoy your favorites from alzheimer's if you're away from your television just

doesn't matter about what your mobile device says you can watch on t.v. anytime anywhere. money on skis and mavis said going to be opening money in stevia to see which is both a cultural contemporary i don't take your logic east of the auditorium so join me to almost say honored c m a the second as we bring you the glitz the glamour and the best of the best in the performing arts and marines to team.

america international airport in the very heart of moscow. welcome back to technology update much of what you've heard and seen today wouldn't be possible without one integral part. the processor when it comes down to it it's interviewed arrangement of circuitry is a foundation around which all other bits and pieces are built. there are a handful of world famous brands out there but many of you out there may be intrigued to learn that russia boasts its very own high tech center of processor production technically part of moscow district has long been the place to go if

you're interested in tiny transistor tech over this wasn't always possible it wasn't a full fledged closed city during soviet times the movements of people and technology from the area were somewhat restricted over the course of the last two decades has opened up and blossomed into the home for many of the country's leading high tech firms some one hundred fifty companies and organizations including two institutes have set up shop in the special economic zone designed around the areas of knowledge base there a good many of the great examples we could point to. which is russia's leading. from sim cards to our if i d. text integrated circuits in two thousand and twelve the company launched a new ninety nanometer production line with that mccrone is able to produce thirty six thousand two hundred millimeter wave per year certainly something to boast about but why exactly does russia need its own. producer for that there seems to be

a very good answer. me and microelectronics is an economic as well as a political industry in the world well known instances different countries have barred the export of certain microchips most recently the us prevented the export of microchips destined for ti platforms a russian supercomputer manufacture. with that in mind there are certain industries that really need to have technological independence the most obvious examples air defense systems would be difficult to protect your own skies with your own hardware if nobody were willing to see the insides as the same with satellite navigation. coverage to. be considered information despite the fact that it's often intended for peaceful purposes. and a great place to find some of the very latest in home. like the new electronic show

which took place in moscow in march of two thousand and thirteen hundreds of companies and thousands of specialist. there are a number of interesting ideas. new. devices. processor maker come up with a revolutionary way to get at the problem of how to best operation. unique device which was designed on the basis of a multicellular architecture and had never been implemented in a process of prior to our product. existing processes that account for a large share of the market world wide. architecture our architecture however is different. their peril action is significantly limited operations are information exchange memory not between control.

much more free flowing and crucially information exchange between operations directly without having to go through the memory and quest to make its mark in the marketplace for processors. as a member of the start of the organization space. co-conspirator in a company called. business of developing the next generation of satellite technology. kind of type of satellite meaning that everything should be standardized easy to build with a proper set of pieces. even in their simple office space they've got just about everything they need at their testing standard they check to see just how well the sensors interact with the software to make adjustments automatically but the hardware that eventually gets put on board their miniature earth will have to do with condition slightly more testing in the air conditioned rooms here. we cannot

use ordinary intel and space and other complicated technical systems there is no earthly atmosphere which would protect them from solar radiation and the temperature range is quite broad and therefore special solutions are required so that the machine could operate and function for some time this process is designed in such a way as to enable the parallel processes inside it's to happen on a multitude of cells with it and if something happens to one of those cells it doesn't fail but just slightly slows down as a result it's hard to disrupt its work. current models under development the latest chip wasn't ready for action it's reportedly undergoing the final checks to ensure that it can handle any climactic conditions thrown at it including those beyond the temporal environs of earth's atmosphere both the help of interesting if not innovative design should be at the front of the pack and space operations shift from giant state organizations to smaller more nimble teams were still news though

it's all about trust rather than pure performance with that in mind microelectronics brand name that stretches back half a century has come out with a new chip that removes the worry about hidden holes in security. with its roots in the institute that built the top soviet super computers the spark technologies has become one of russia's top microchip makers and their most recent offering is elbrus two s. plus becomes of the clock speed of five hundred megahertz to course and post processing power of sixteen flops many risk based processors out there plus relies on a compiler to execute parallel operations more effectively. that in hand they've branched out and have bigger targets in sight. than one of them on a q board is our attempt to make quite a cheap affordable computer based on our latest developments that is the two s. plus. the board forms the basis for a brand new computer the k m four l bruce produced by one of russia's leading

computer hardware makers craft the first batch of them has already rolled off the production lines there equipped with the touch screen and could run either linux or windows while they offer performance on par with world leaders many who turn to do so for another no important reason at the moment we see that our main clients are primarily state and situations and organizations that are concerned about security issues since we develop a system from top to bottom meaning motherboards compiler. libraries. we have what we call credibility we can guarantee that our product doesn't have undeclared capabilities so those interested in security would find our product attractive because. every step along the way these engineers seem to have security in mind whether be choosing a tried and true company like me grown to handle the actual production or writing

in a special secure mode which prevents a potentially malicious program from gaining direct access to the memory the moscow center of sparc technologies ensures that safety doesn't take a backseat to outright processing power over in the world of microelectronics is certainly not all doom and gloom with transistor sizes continuing to shrink this high tech industry is confidently striding into the future. well that'll do it for this edition of technology update as well as for my time as your humble host i'll be bidding you do but catch the latest next time with the rest of the team and until then enjoy the ride. mean speak your language. programs in documentaries in arabic in school here on all t.v. reporting from the world's hot spots fifty ip interviews intriguing stories for you

to. see then try. to find out more visit our big dog all teeth dog called. wealthy british style. guide to the free. markets why not scandals. find out what's really happening to the global economy in the kinds of reports on our t.v. .

sets. this week's story plus today's headlines this is the weekly r t russia's security

services reportedly wiretapped one of the suspected of boston bombers talking about jihad we look at how politics may have impeded the f.b.i. from acting on moscow's to. the u.s. and the u.k. claim there is evidence syria used chemical weapons against the rebels and made calls for intervention from lawmakers the u.n. says the allegations have not yet been proved. join the european union no thanks the outcome of this weekend's election in iceland is likely to put an end to the country's pursuit of membership as a recent poll shows trust in the bloc plummeting with all time low. and yet.