to magically driving sunnis from baghdad this isn't a secret migrations is being done in the open cities are restricted in everything from where we live to the kinds of jobs we can have but in a shia neighborhood a different version of the story fearful of retribution for speaking out this resident prefers to hide his identity he tells us of the dangers iraqi shia face from armed groups. we also have been displaced by threats from al qaeda and other militias this used to be a mixed area but people have started exchanging houses between sunni and shia families to safety. some analysts blame the united states for the divisions they got in the new system political system in iraq on the sectarian basis. like they made the proportions for the seventies for this she did and for the kurdish and this is very wrong. those divisions have taken a toll on iraqi youth a generation separated by the threat of violence i know other than the one that

really affects a single cause there's a lot of programs between me and my friends especially if they're from a different six we can't work together we'll hang out publicly in some neighborhoods i could get killed for being seen with someone from a different religious group ten years after the war iraq is still struggling to find peace as the ghosts of its sectarian past haunt the future you see caffein of r.t.e. baghdad. after the break we meet the first woman in orbit until now to ask over and over inspirational story is next to nothing. when the national security state has given an inch would always take much more than a mile three years we were keenly told the government does not spying on citizens now we know this is not true were spied upon in unbelievably massive way do we need

a supercomputer to keep track of all the ways we are deceived. a highway built on the bones of its maker its the wind through one of the wildest and most beautiful regions of russia a place that's home to less than a million people on the campus of the great frosts. join me james brown as i travel to the coldest inhabited place in the world. and meet some of the toughest people and hardiest animals on the planet. just make sure that you keep your eyes on the road work for. a. race to the poll of polls only on three. she might never have made it she wasn't at the top of the candidate's shortlist but

eventually she did blast off shouting triumphantly. as the flight began she was unable to switch to manual control but after three days the world greeted the first woman cosmonaut. six years later as the motorcade passed through the kremlin gates a man opened fire and nine bullets she was untouched. valentyn a biography read a little like a fairy tale a soviet cinderella. a girl from a poor family in a remote province rocketed to such heights that only the stars were above. the first woman. was the vostok six spacecraft which she first tried on in june one

thousand nine hundred sixty three it immediately elevated her to the soviet elite. their official call fine was sego the name was to stay with valentino forever long after the triumph it still it followed her around the world. even in childhood valentino had dreamed about adventure and travel although her earlier ambitions were confined to the earth. you live goodness you were there was a real way track not far from our house. and my biggest dream was to become a train driver. i wanted to drive those huge trains. i thought the train driver was the happiest person in the world he could see all the big cities and travel all over the country that i. the family was from a small country village where the mother was a milkmaid and her father worked as

a track to driver. broke out with he was conscripted into the army. family out of his death when valentino was less than three years old. i belong to the generation of children of the war. we know what war grief. of course we didn't realize it then but we know what it's like for a mother to cry over a telegram saying her husband is dead. oh mother got fifty roubles for each of us a loaf of bread cost two hundred roubles after the war so you see she couldn't even afford bread with that allowance but we never saw her cry. after the war the family moved to jaroslaw. went to school until seventh grade after that she went to work first in a factory then

a weaving mill at the same time she also attended the local trade school and later she joined the local parachute club. there were notices everywhere you looked they said welcome to the parachute sport club i could see parachutists as i went to work along the riverbank they jumped on the other side of the river lots of them but i don't think anyone could be unmoved by the sight of people jumping. over his journey into space again with parachuting. you know that's my i made my first jump on may twenty first one thousand nine hundred fifty nine was i scared of course. your first jump is very special you realize that you're jumping off something so all that you have to overcome your fears. i open the door and put my foot on the step and then i push myself forward is that this sport like this once

you've made your first jump you can never stop. to discover didn't always achieve particularly good grades for the jumps average just fall or even three out of five. i often used to find her at the far end of the field where she'd landed after a jump she'd be crying. me i never cried why should i. the job of assembling and training the first group of soviet cosmonauts was delegated to air force vice commander nicole like a monument the idea of sending women into space is also attributed to him. we need young strong girls in good shape so we can train them for the flight within five to six months the main reason for such rapid training is to leave the americans behind . these were the criteria for recruiting women bage up

to thirty two hundred seventy centimeters wait up to seventy kilograms no less than two hundred hours flying time or fifty parachute jumps when selection began valentino already had a good score ninety jumps she also had one other advantage she was head of the local communist party youth committee at that time only the most ideologically minded of people could be considered for space. it was here at the hours level parachute club than airforce officer arrived to select candidates for the soviet space program. won't be in there and we noticed that he watched jumping working together and then he called us in separately for an interview. the cold war was at its peak both the us and the us as always trying to prove that their political system was best everything concerning space was highly classified. when valentino was chosen to be one of the cosmonaut candidates not even her mother was

allowed to know. that the bill has been limited i had to make up some story to tell my mother it was easy with a little but with mom i invented this story. mom you know i've been invited to become a reserve member of the u.s.s.r. parachuting team in moscow. a small team of women was brought together within the all male cosmonauts department city had yet to be built it was just a regular military base with a high fence forty kilometers from moscow. she was very mature when she joined the unit she knew exactly what she wanted from life but . did everything she could to avoid being discharged from the space program. through a new. the women's team was officially formed on the twelfth of march nine hundred sixty two out of five thousand candidates just five was shortlisted.

over mathematician valentino. weaver. teacher. typist. all of them have to undergo extensive preparation including physical training which was exactly the same as for the men. doctors watched every training session very closely they couldn't agree amongst themselves as to whether a woman's body could withstand the intense forces of blast off the weightlessness or the stress of returning from orbit. one of the most demanding tests was the centrifuge with its extreme g. forces not all of them would pass. after the task to get red spots on your skin and their cause by believing under the skin when small vessels burst. by this time got in had already

been in space along with government itself. and. these were four nationally recognized heroes. from god and was always smile. and easygoing and often seen visiting the woman's team they once asked him about his most frightening experience during his flight. that if he would be released that the worst thing was when he was walking along a red carpet and neugebauer with his lace fund on he was afraid that he was going to trip and fall over in front of everyone. from. the newsreel caught this very moment as good got him with his shoelaces and walks towards the soviet leaders to report on the first successful space flight. the one person with absolute authority of the cosmonauts. the chief engineer it was thanks to him that the soviet union became the pioneers of space. you

probably only sergei could write you off could have criticised and loved us so much at the same time we were both afraid of him and we adored him we simply loved him you can't use your parents and we were so unbelievably lucky to have been entered by cornell. contemporaries say that he didn't support the idea of women in space at first. initially he thought the only male air force pilot should become cosmonauts but later he agreed to send a woman and it was him who supported valentino to his candidacy although the final decision will be made not by chief engineer totally off but by the soviet leader nikita khrushchev. thanks to nikita khrushchev's intervention and with the tacit approval of surrogate call your despise an unfavorable medical commission report

valentino telescope or was appointed the number one cosmonaut among the women volunteers social origins plays a major part in the decision on the whole she wasn't the best choice. we're loser they choose for them. it over do you know why she was a pilot she graduated from law school state university she passed course in higher mathematics i thought it would be but it turned out to be. from the highest office she represented her country as head of the soviet women's committee and traveled the world as leader of the friendship society. there was the one moment that could have brought it to an end. frosty morning of january the twenty second one thousand nine hundred sixty nine this was to be a happy day. a government delegation including to was to welcome cosmonauts returning home from a routine flight they immediately headed for the kremlin. yep assumed you knew i

was sitting in the middle of the car you know willing valentino and nikolai of war behind me yeah i saw an officer in a blue uniform step out of the crowd and he started shooting up the car well not you figured. well a little tina was behind me and that he hadn't covered her body with a soul. and that's the truth. i was sitting on the side he shot at you know they found nine bullets under my seat . i probably survived because i had a sick mother that needed my help. and also a small daughter you might think god probably knew that and let me live with. this was to have been an attack on the u.s.s.

leonid brezhnev. a soviet army officer approached the motorcade wearing a police uniform his intention was to kill brezhnev. but he fired at the wrong the one carrying the cosmonauts. he was immediately arrested and later declared insane . i. told him my language as well but i will only react to situations i have read the reports. from and no i will leave them to the state clerk to comment on your latter point i completely say it's ok because

all your talking knows i. think you know more weasel words. when you have a direct question and be prepared for a change when you run should be ready for a. freedom of speech and a little down to freedom to question. arguments over who was best prepared to be the first woman in space continued up until mid may nine hundred sixty three. led the group supporting to its cover and was later joined by your ego got in. on may twenty first nine hundred sixty three the training center welcomes the state committee. and there we were sitting at a long table that was covered with

a red fabric in one of the rooms at the training center. we had already been given the rank of a junior lieutenant so we were sitting there by the wall in our new uniforms shivering with anticipation that. chief engineer. could see that everyone had already guessed the final decision and he addressed by nobody over. my comrade kind of money would you be offended and i said yes i would i'd be very upset. and he said that's right i would be too but he said he'll all go into a. sadly that did not come true the first woman's team. made it into space. others spent several years in training until finally they heard the verdict one nine hundred sixty nine. knew they expressed gratitude for our willingness to serve our country but that our services were no longer required

so we were disbanded. and. had made the first joint space flights and to involve start three and four. now there was a new goal for the first time in history a woman would fly into space. the mission would begin with because five and then tell us. over would blast off with bostock six. on june the forty nine hundred sixty three at five pm local time because flew into space. the fifteenth of june twenty four hours before total scope as planned flight. doctors assure us that terrorist has a good appetite and has even gained some weight but i still think that she has fins down a lot she looks pale and seems a little agitated. the sixteenth of june nineteenth

sixty three these pictures went all around the world. to discover the spacecraft launched with nothing toward. you're going to them so when the ship took off and i heard the command starts it's i shouted. hey sky take off your hat i'm on my way yet to be. to show his relatives only heard of a flight from the radio. he has a good record i had finished my first year at the trade college and there were six or seven girls in the room where i was living in the dormitory on the radio they said that volunteer at their school had flown into space i was shocked that was my

cousin i say girls that's my cousin and they didn't believe me and births were like of it was hard to convince. that very day to go the spoke to soviet leader nikita khrushchev. our systems are working perfectly. i feel excellent. i can hear you. very well your call signal is siegel but let me call you simply valentina are. very happy and proud that our girl a girl from the soviet union is the first woman to fly into space and to operate such cutting edge equipment. but not everything was quite so perfect with that cutting edge equipment. i spoke several times with. i heard she was tired but she wouldn't admit it twice she tried to orient the spacecraft and she

honestly said she'd failed to do that. was nervous even though it was only a test procedure. couldn't do it she couldn't operate the spacecraft manually. today the former cosmonaut claims it was because of an engineering fault as you don't you see there was an error in the program when it was supposed to land instead of descending from orbit the ship was programmed to ascend. i entered the data center from earth into the program and was able to land safely and i might. the doctors had a different opinion because the seagull didn't feel well on the way to conditions she wasn't accurately executing her commands from earth theory of. the first twenty four hours were really bad for her but she felt. nobody flies up there

feels great. at the time the first soviet woman in space could not afford mistakes nor to reveal any weakness she was to be a legend even before leaving the ground it was much later that there would be speculation about the problems with that flight and the fact that she fell asleep at an inappropriate time. there was also talk of two broken pencils that had allegedly prevented her from keeping proper records in the ship's log book. there was only one pen so no it didn't break no it's just you know sometimes they asked me to deny the story but i don't think there's any need to have that an honest person would never believe them. you must understand that those were the first space flights we had to prove that a human could function even aboard a spacecraft in conditions that. there are certain professional issues that

shouldn't be discussed in public. these things. work and during every spaceflight even today. the first female cosmonauts lending was far from smooth. it was very clearly stated that she was not to raise her head you're strapped in a capsule and you must lie still. you know what well a woman's curiosity got the better of her screen when the hatch opened she looked up to that moment she was objected but her helmet had the bridge of her nose look at the woods you know with so we bailed out and our ships had their own parachutes and else i thought it was they were supposed to open at a height of four kilometers while ours were at seven kilometers.

when i looked down what did i see my god there was a lake i thought there's no way i'm going to fall there but what could i do. this if the wind was extreme up to seventeen meters a second well i even had to stand on my head and fasten the parachute locking clips to wrastle system the moment she landed she was immediately surrounded by locals reasoning got a shortage of people brought her some birds like boiled potatoes and milk. that untended out her own food to seventy years to them out of the work she shouldn't have done because we had to keep metabolic records of the flight how much she consumed her excretions what quantities and so on or video but she gave everything away so we couldn't analyze it if the look at the new one year.

spur of the moment behavior was a minor detail above all she had written a life. woman blasted into space for the first time in sixty three rushes and balanchine a terrorist brought by a body of the prime be a servant but yet i have been alone in space for quite some time just so it was especially rewarding to be joined in orbit by such a charming comrade as valentino terrace cove. and i hope your wife didn't hear that . if you didn't i'm so happy to have lived granted the honor of being the first woman in the world to go into space so. birth was he always emphasized like that women are that week. now here you can see

a woman who. is weak so look at what she has shown to america's consummate. who's who was. there on the podium in red square. shoulder to shoulder with. the perhaps there should be a first space couple. personal supervision. the couple had a baby girl. these are pictures of the first woman in space bringing her daughter to

a video connection with. who was once again you know a bit. daddy. and. after nineteen years of marriage. eventually divorced. doesn't like to speak either of her first marriage or second to the soviet defense ministry chiefs. the first woman cosmonaut now has two grandsons and. just finished school this year and wants to be an economist. first my eldest son wanted to be a pilot but in time he ended up changing its mind. lots of the youngest claims he wants to be a cosmonaut. but he's thought that if he says he'll do something maybe he will and maybe he won't. almost my grandmother and my grandfather were cosmonauts

so i did the trampoline i wanted to try it. over again jumping on the trampoline is my favorite hobby now. it's. just like fifty years ago valentyn a telescope has no time to spare and a regular working day she's a member of the state duma. she went into space just once but she will always be the first woman in space the fact confirmed by every encyclopedia and internet search engine. still dreams today now she's ready to join an expedition to mars the favors planet even though it would be a one way trip. in miami a sign on their breasts this is my profession. it has been since the end of one thousand nine hundred sixty one when i was invited to moscow to go to the selection

commission and training. and from one thousand nine hundred sixty two until today i think closely involved with this profession and this training center. this is been my life and i can't imagine living any other with the way. you have the brain stem . well. this month high tech means good health whether it be the latest laser cutters

on lifesaving heart valves rushing innovators are working hard to keep you healthy for some companies it's been a winding road from car simulators to cutting edge training systems for others it's been a lifetime of work on locking the mysteries of the cell check it all on technology update we've got the future covered. the highway bill so on the bones of its maker it's the wind through one of the wildest and most beautiful regions of russia a place that's home to less than a million people on the campus of the great frost's. join me james brown as i travel to the coldest inhabited place in the world. i meet some of the toughest people and hardest on a man on the planet. just make sure that you keep your eyes on the road. race to the

poll of polls only on three. information reveals american spies based in the u.k. intercepted the top secret communications of former russian president dmitry medvedev during his visit to britain for a g twenty summit as world leaders meet in the u.k. this week the g eight. explosion has reportedly walked to the syrian capital in a neighborhood with new recenter season the military airport while washington considers sending lethal arms to the rebels and imposing a no fly zone. smoke with tear gas and flushed out by water cannon turkish police resort to harsh methods to break up defiant anti-government protesters gathering across the country despite the uproar over the crackdown on istanbul's taksim square.