face. jack diamonds a prize the world over for the rest down being physical properties and takes they're also a girl's best friend also the song goes and no matter whether you're the queen of england with her crown jewels or you prefer something more subtle one thing is true the larger the diamond the rarer it is and the more it's worth thus why bush and diamond producer struck up an online partnership with a complete specializing in explosives detective neutron technologies is located a two hour drive and allegedly fired right outside of moscow in the tranquil town of. the town doesn't look much like a scientific field but appearances can be deceiving we've come to the joint institute for nuclear research institute currently unites eighteen countries and seven labs carrying out pioneering research in particle physics. and this is where the magic happens hidden away behind these radiation proof doors a hive of innovation and the home of neutron technologies which was founded in part by the nuclear research institute the explosive or narcotics detectors produced

here are used in airports train stations as well as by the russian security services one of the latest developments is this mo body text for use in the field the device can identify the chemical makeup of any objects located in anything from a cardboard box so to thirty cents in meters of solid concrete all of which is thanks to the compact neutral m it's inside. this is the heart of our unit the neutron accelerator it's only thirty centimeters tall and weighs only eight kilograms which is a dramatic reduction compared to last centuries accelerator which was six stories tall yet it generates the same number of neutrons fifty million a second and on top of that it has a built in alpha detector. which allows us to track the time being see how much progress has been made thanks to the research and development of the past fifty years but not. the main components of the. vise with

a neutron generator alpha detector tritium targets and gamma detector the device works by emitting two tron particles when that you char hits the tritium could be misplaced into alpha neutron particles the neutrons penetrate the objects in question while the alpha detector is responsible for determining the location of any dangerous substances the neutrons excited nuclei of the atoms they hit causing them to give off gamma rays which are then to detect the energy of the cameras he's unique to each element which allows the substance to be determined based on its elemental composition this method offers many advantages over x. rays which can misidentify system and just the taxes which don't work for subjects delays are great on the phone to detect it corresponds with a neutron themes allowing the user to target the objects computed ten processes the information received by the detector and identifies any potentially hazardous materials on their location. in addition to the mobile detector the company has designed a device for inspecting vehicles another for shipping containers and an underwater

device by examining unexploded torpedoes and mines all of the detectors can identifiable to thirty types of explosives and be operated at a safe distance while a computer program takes care of the number crunching to get to the bottom of the matter that's way over two hundred thousand dollars the devices don't come cheap so who better to foot the bill than russian diamond joints rosser which is having problems of its own them but this unit has been set up to see whether we can detect a large valuable diamond within a lump of kimberlite without having to crush. if there was a large diamond it was ground down first the way it usually is the shattered diamond loses a lot of its value so if we were able to detect a large valuable diamonds in the old war it would offer a really good return on investment since such large diamonds are quite rare very lucrative. following the request of the scientists that's a. they streaked to see if their technology could be applied to the diamond

industry. fifty kilograms of kimberlite bought some poles which is the best source of priming times for the company to try out its detection system after hours of testing neutron technology is finally struck gold story. the next step is for the detect to be upscaled so it can pick up the rocks containing large diamonds on the conveyor before the destroyed. if. we did indeed find diamonds inside the door and we're planning to continue testing this method next year and then to make improvements to the detecting device in cooperation with neutron technologies. we are planning to use this method for the detection of large diamonds in the kimberlite extracted from the mirror and internet. will be focusing on the largest size segment five carrots and above. the

theory of using this technology has been proven. says the practical side of implementing it on an industrial scale neutron technologist can reduce the time it takes to detect diamonds i'm sure the companies will have a bright future together not only will it lead to increased profits and open up a whole new market for neutron technologies but also puts a smile in the face of many a girl the earth is a place of wonder and beauty this rolling hills in los forests and as you just seen there are many treasures hidden out of reach but you don't always need explosives to get them. brains overbroad oil from the liquid gold that makes the world go round with altitudes we're going to slow and painful fortunately oil supplies aren't depleted quite yet but the bad news is that easily extractable sources all running albums so we demand for oil higher than ever engineers have been forced to look for new ways to get to the black stuff and keep the world spinning on its axis oil and gas deposits can be lowkey. it's on to anything from lays of something clay

to solid rocks like granites them fossils so all companies need to drill that can make short work of anything that gets in its way there are currently three main types of drill bits the tri control which is made up of three spikes role is the fixed cutter which often has diamond edges and works by scraping away at the right below and the turbo job which spins much faster than the other two and requires less downward force unfortunately diamonds on forever and all the drill bits wear out and have to be replaced which can be both costly and time consuming this combined with the increasingly complex nature of drilling means that traditional methods are being pushed to the limits. the institutes of high technology physics in tomsk has a laboratory that specializes in paul lasting through solid rock with high powered electrical sparks the first experiments were conducted way back in the sixty's when the theory of using electrical pulses to drill through the box was tested results were impressive but the technology the time did not allow for the idea to take in perth that now the university has

a prototype device the office many advantages over traditional drilling methods. and with the advantage of the high voltage electrical impulse method is that we use the bore bits made of ordinary steel while and yet the model we don't use any alloy grade or diamond our spark or discharge method makes these very expensive materials . and this is how it works a generator produces the electricity which is then stored in the passages and fed to the drill the drill bit itself has one electrode in the center surrounded by in a rate above the electrodes when they come into contact with the ball the potential difference between inflates a powerful spot which troubles through the rock bottom like a micro explosion causing bits to break away the dead piece then carried by to the surface of the liquid form the size of the points can be controlled by adjusting the distance between the electrodes the drills ability to make short work. solid

blocks even joint attention from the brawl. the. norwegian companies like oil the tunnel construction firm. you know drill from the university of trondheim have supported our work in developing this new technology akin to what we have supplied them with a submersible high voltage impulse generator with which to drill an experimental well granite rock so that we can investigate the potential of this technology in the fields in the world. our device is of great interest to total engineers and of course great interest to oil companies. the potential of mechanical drilling methods if we do either with diamond heads or with lower bits has been almost fully exhausted with morton and this is why every company is now looking for a new method nor a new technology to ensure

a fast boring speed especially through hard rocks like granite him an eclipse. the drilling speed is determined by the size of the fragments produced so in general the bigger the better however if the points become too large the system may have trouble removing them from the hole by controlling the energy produced by the generator the distance between the electrodes and frequency of the electric pulses some speed can be achieved so who knows more major oil plays see the benefits of this technology we may soon have the bright spots in tom's to thank for keeping the world in motion. just the end of the first half so don't reach the remote see you after the break.

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welcome back before we look ahead to the future technology let's take a quick buck. bites the radio telescope in the region hold as part of the. sixty for me to telescope will study black holes such the elusive i'm keeping coincides with the. planets thanks to maz is a joint mission between the european space agency and the search for. the russian ministry of defense. over one thousand applications were made. available. to university students and representatives from. the opportunity. to the. seal of approval to the military fatigues. one of the highlights was the moscow state university.

one hundred kilograms with ease. to hold it every six months. at the beginning of the month. with. its next year. with conditioning and facilities for disabled passengers. means that the average ticket will be twenty two percent cheaper. competition held in san diego idea of the competition is for competitors to design . capable of fulfilling specific. competitors from all around the world with a three thousand dollars price. time while all this prefer something just a little bit more extreme the. most important.

was the still room for improvement. second when. she was in. the military. and even used to help the curiosity rover on mars. junkies looking to get their fix although i would describe myself as a fan of extreme sports i have always wanted to try parachuting was having witnessed this on lucky par she's take a hard landing i started to have second thoughts so it looks like it's back to the drawing board for the par shoes for the scientific research institute of our ship design competition in moscow founded in one thousand nine hundred forty six the institute is part of aviation week in holding which is the main development for to ship partially to russia it is one of only a few companies in the world that carries out the full range of partially

development. institutes conducts research development and production as well as ground and flight sets of all these partially systems the base era job has shot we were lucky enough to cut to one of the research institute partially test as little ones of course here on the field we have all the right conditions flat surface and things like that in reality those soldiers have to land on various different terrain here but the and they'll have to have time to maneuver so that they can lead safely he was up and he's in the ability to maneuver people and the horizontal speed of a parachute the paramount importance for descending and of course especially for landings and he also will put these in the till conditions are partially tough to jump in not to mention all the equipment they carry i mean it's a special approach has to be taken when designing parsis for use by the military today the design institute was testing one of its latest developments the deets well beastie the details. are she produced by the russian airborne troops the least

he could still be subject to precarious testing but is expected to enter into service by the end of the year it's capable of tying up to one hundred sixty kilograms at the speed of four point five new to the second the spare parts should be stored in the body leaving room for the touch bullet didn't pertain at the front which helped take some of the weight off when landing we went back to moscow to learn about the evolution and benefits of this harsh. dear young the evolution of the parachute design over the decades they have been used in the army but. here is the six model that developed in the soviet union in the mid seventy's. basically featured a circular canopy with steering belts and a top of engine and apex. that was the shape of a hemisphere in profile thanks to the course. with the new developments in the aviation industry and the increased need for massive air drops we had to invent

a new design and we could deal with midair collisions better between parachute. that's how the detainee shoot. the industry continue to push the even heavier capacity better maneuverability and improve safety when landing in very strong winds i mean. the only requirement was to keep the same size and weight of shoot a few minute will be here but. it is. the de twelve has proven to be the perfect solution thanks to its unique design of the canopy shape and the fact that it's this angle that pushes the chute forward even. with a. little bit if the tests prove to be successful this new model will replace the previous generation of parachute on the theme of the new low or with. the institute using the latest in computer design and modeling technologies in addition

to the least the institute is made of a five thousand different partially types one thousand of which are vented into mass production they range from anti spinning cargo sheets to low altitude invest you power suits some of them have an air of up to three hundred seventy five meters squared up to twenty tons. been ironed out the computer design is then sent to this factory to be turned into reality. in addition to this production facility the institute also has researched engineering and technology schools over generations the institute has accumulated a wealth of knowledge and expertise which allows it to create such a diverse range of parachutes advances in materials mean how shoes can be more compact insurable than ever in addition we use new materials in parachute construction but in the post this is our shoots were made for nylon fabric so we'll know we use more modern materials so all this has enabled us to reach our goals as

a city. armed with this knowledge we returned to the airfield in moscow until a jumps up to twenty times a week and his goal of tracking down to a t. he can do it in around ten minutes when he's not being distracted by technology they present my experience of the parts you constitutes and. have restored my faith in the safety of the sport and who knows maybe next time i'll be joining these guys in the not too distant future. of four million cars in moscow alone which not only has a negative impact on the capsule's roads but also produces huge amounts of waste tires every year but luckily one russian company has a knack for killing two birds with one stone. on something the line. push is scorching summers and pitifully cold winters take a heavy toll on the country's road base along with the millions of cars and h t v's that pound the surface every day i mean the road repairs and replacements are a constant struggle not only to potholes and trucks represent drivers but they're also a burden on the government's budget so the need to find

a type of road service take full effect to withstand even if they leave because of moscow's traffic and weather is pretty clear that's why scientists have been experimented with different ways of modifying both services and testing them with this mobile lab one of the most promising technologies involves mixing old tired old mixture. the practice of using what was pioneered in arizona in the mid one nine hundred sixty s. with limited success while the road service offered a number of advantages over previous technologies. the relatively large chunks of rubber and gravel used were prone to coming loose and damaging cars so the project was abundant in one nine hundred eighty nine. it all started with old non-recyclable car tires were to go by leaving them all around the place people do harm to the environment the problem is you can't burn these tires put them in landfill sites traditionally this kind of waste has been used in construction all road building so we would do. this in recycling technology mean that their own more

and more large scale uses for all tires this type of processing putting check of is responsible for recycling some of the estimated one hundred twenty five thousand tons of worn out tires discarded by the capitol every year all ties of first shredded and then the fiber and steel components are separated and sent for further processing the remaining were is think ground down to produce tire chrome which can then be used to produce even more tie is create safe playground services as well as a whole range of other applications one of the biggest consumers of type from however is unicom which specializes in producing a super fine but how to use unbroken struction unique ami's parts of nano technology company boss nano podolski is way unique and carries out much of its road surface research here the stuff child various combinations and ratios of materials to trying to attain the ideal road surface in general roads are made up of gravel and sun although pitchman has been successfully used in roads for almost two centuries there is still room for improvement and this is where unicom stands

out from the rest. unicom which stands for universal compazine materials produces a fine powder the beats anything else in the markets hands down would be some would say you can take any rubber powder. but that's not true so what you need to make it work is a physical and chemical reaction between the big human and whatever. powder you have. the extent to which the power to react is determined by the area of the powder in contact with the bitumen you were poor issue. because it was beautiful despite being very fine the roll tide from lacks the surface area to react completely with the pitchmen always still improves the road surface the full potential the rubber has not been a lot the cauliflower like surface of the nano part of produced by means that just one gram of it has a surface area of up to five thousand centimeter squared. however none of this

would be possible were it not for the work of the team nikolski of the simeone of the institute of chemical physics in moscow the team discovered even to his own surprise it is certain temperatures proper and plastics substances can be ground down to a very fine powder which led to the development of this machine we are the only ones in the world to use the dry method if we take the mix of making mixed asphalt concrete with. put the required amount of tire powder in it you like you move this method. amounts of time. before the invention of the share in juice grinding machine builders had to use the so-called wet method of adding the rubber to the pitchman this involved heating the mixture for a day which is what is required excessive amounts of energy in time to cause the pitchmen itself to deteriorate it's no wonder then that other countries are trying

to follow suit with around fifty payton somebody machine it might take them a while. forty despite our best efforts when machine a parts but into the studio show you exactly how it works. and here it is. now the only main difference to an industrial version the prototype is the size the principle is exactly the same two finals at either end and archimedes screen compression zone. i'm calling section the old shredded ties of fat into this funnel the screw them pushes them towards the stock as more and more versatile build up the pressure increases the friction creates a cause attempted to rise to about one hundred seventy five degrees c. at which point the tie begins disintegrates and see through the tiny gap between the two sections the find cooled and comes out the front of the end and bob's your uncle that size ready to hit the roads the institute in moscow was originally created for starting the process is that

a nuclear weapons but in one nine hundred fifty eight the specialist work in that turned their attention to chemical reactions in creating new synthetic materials but teams study the properties of these materials and developed instruments for examining the structure the prototype for producing the nano powder was created in one thousand nine hundred eighty one and laid the foundation for today's industrial machines that we started using these powders very successful. but because of the positive properties you feel boys. will feel the materials if you modify your tire like if you are very stable. the structure doesn't change time little fool people so like you know if they can be used is decades think you never properties would remain unchanged. and the benefits don't tend there it's also offers better grip for vehicles reduce noise levels as well as increased resistance to roasting in cracking in addition to all the safety and economic

benefits it also provides the perfect solution to the world's growing tide disposal problem but i bet these workers that just glad that they won't have to do this section of road again for another couple of decades i'm afraid that's all for today but with the rise asphalt been using creasing throughout the world i'm sure more of you will enjoy the ride. ok. i dave a croc it while going to ten deer all of virginia at a little island in the middle of the chesapeake bay on the virginia shod. back out on. the ramp a year all in the chesapeake bay probably one of the best areas in the country so fred. this is an old picture of ten deer island before the channel was cut

oh here. gone way up there. as go all. right here are some of the headstones from the graves it for here this is a fruits that's that's what we don't want happen to change your all and we want to get some protection and make sure that we don't go into the chesapeake bay like uppers did in other communities. dramas that can't be ignored. stories others refuse to notice. the faces change the world writes now. the picture of today's leaves my phone to and from around the globe.

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she could leverage or it. was able to build the most sophisticated robot. an amount anything tim's mission to teach creation why it should care about humans and. this is why you should care only.

i'm not going. to intervene or not to intervene in the pentagon's ready to strike syria if it gets the green light from president obama while the majority of americans opposed it will. also this week mr whistleblower bradley manning request a presidential pardon after being sentenced to thirty five years in jail for the biggest leak in america see it straight. he will face the for agree with it i'll make him for the british government that if we didn't hand the material or destroy it they would keep your. bed still be going to newspaper reveals how he will support a ship to destroy files he received from n.s.a. whistleblower edward snowden.