these things live on in the collective memory they become sources of mourning in memorial and they have formal memorials and so on but this is nothing actually new you know london has a two thousand year history of disaster of plague of war of strife so there is a pragmatic culture to this city as with many other cities that you know you grief you move on you go through trauma and shock and then life goes on and what is the alternative to have one just stay at home. and bunker themselves off from the future of their world and their life and the city it's not an option. the police quickly identify the perpetrators and their accomplices naturally with the help of surveillance cameras. in a second series of attacks fourteen days later an innocent man was shot george showed him an s.s. he had dog skin and was reportedly wearing a thick jacket with y.

is hanging from it as he fled. but the video shows he did not flee. the cameras could prevent neither the bomb attacks nor the death of an innocent man . the bombs of two thousand and five and more than twenty years of ira threats have led to an all pervasive architecture of security diverse obstructions guard against trucks laden with explosives. reinforced concrete barriers come of flaws as flower boxes and a bench is. while working on their project ring of steel and reactor williams and george also discovered how open space is transforming and

another different way this would be the public street by the public roads that is now being sold to a developer and it's become privatized space so the actual landscape begins to completely change and what you have in these spaces is they're put piece by private security guards and although you have the right to walk down it they can actually choose to exclude you so you have these like strange places that begin to to the compost of the city that all it's well welcoming to most people no spaces to linger and the whole idea here is just for you know people to walk through to get somewhere and it becomes about being a consumer or anyone that's outside it gets kind of ad brushed ours you know present a walk in you're presented with sort of charming flowers which i change every few weeks on the big sign saying all the things that you must under no circumstances do . i think so i think what's really interesting about it is that visually looking

like an architectural render it's not real life it's not the kind of grace of the city of the melting pot it's like a very solid ties fashioned it becomes a sort of known place. rather than public. is civil rights apply only until the private investor chooses to deny access. how many of these known spaces in a city and. where can one lead to free urban life in such a controlled space. to create so where. the politics and geography of some cities and perhaps many cities are starting to read. some of the sort of many evil structures of and place of power with barriers access controls and of course instead of the big massive

stone structures of the medieval military architecture we now have systems by some outrunning passage control that phonics access biometric scanning some people are suggesting that perhaps the app put is the paradigm space of the future city that maybe cities in the future my house apple style restrictions generalized across the whole landscape. london's canary wharf. when the financial markets were deregulated banks expanded. in the form of don't live in the they could implement a remarkably elaborate security concept. today more than seventy thousand people work in canary wharf there are hotels and apartments and the popular shopping mall. is a new scale of privatized space to very tightly defended the highly privatized

idea of the city which has come under a lot of criticism as being a sort of enclave of powerful and wealthy groups literally separated off from the rest of the city almost by mediæval motes using the wall to systems of the dock clown. the access roads to the city with it is city as accused by checkpoints. a private security service can deny access without reason that any time. is this the city of the future accessible only to the wealthy and powerful to fit into. this brave new world. so the legal aspects of this are really important that means that they owners of their space define what is legal it allowed and what is prohibited

through their oath by all their legal sanctions which means that political activity is actually illegal in this space it's illegal to have a political demonstration it's illegal to have a political mobilization it's illegal to bag it's illegal to. do all of the the full range of activities that you would expect to be. allowed in a democratic society. three d. model of the city designed by the german aerospace institute in berlin to simulate been development. from a simulation of the real city to the creation of a virtual parallel urban environment

a future in which computers communicate with other computers without people. where an internet of things develops. florin make a helis from the swiss federal institute of technology in zurich is working on the realisation of the ubiquity of computers a combination of physical objects in virtual space the internet of things. versus vs under fifteen is what we mean is really the spreading of the internet from computers into the real world to include real objects products and things like this could begin with products that simply have a number on them to find out where something is this could be products with sensors on them it could also apply to automobiles in order to register location data and

gather information from it actually the integration of various properties objects even humans in order to be able to offer more services and new applications to them based on the information gathered around me at the state on noise unbeknown peak and so can. implement here we've implemented an application which enables me to see which apps are being used here in the city if i pan over this way yes i can see for example that two point two kilometers from here the swiss federal railway's out was downloaded two hours ago. i can now download this app and install it on my phone to tell you what installation when the idea is to be able to find useful apps in the parallel world that are related to the city here it's all sinful as shine and. already we are surrounded by digital services small bundles of energy that can be made visible. and with each application we

leave behind footprints which can be collected and used. an electronic book. practical quick and easy. the book is equipped with a chip the rental fee and alone duration are registered with the push of a button each book's readers can be seen. so what if someone is interested in books about terrorism or chemistry. who else knows this and might consider it suspicious. all.

cities are basically by computer systems in the west especially everything that people do in a city generates they even driving around the city is increasingly monitored by computer systems moving around even walking if you have a small generates a truck through g.p.s. systems and j a graphical mapping systems whether we can also add credit card transactions we can at the c.c.t.v. systems on the street eccentric cetera etc so it's being called a day to tsunami if you like the idea of my acid waves of data being collected not by humans really but by computers. normally we associate surveillance with the police and security services we forget that the major internet platforms and provide is are also trying to follow our every step.

of the magic word is data mining. sophisticated programs combed through the streams of data worldwide in search of specific criteria which can then be used to create a market based records. stumbling in syria there can be no doubt the obama administration would very much like to strike syria and strike a hard problem is if you actually buy into the administration's so-called common sense reasoning surrounding assad's alleged use of chemical. weapons what is the administration's real aim and has it painted itself into a red line for no. dramas that can't be ignored to. stories others refuse to notice. the faces changing the world right now. so

picture of today's leaves. on demand from around the globe. local. t.v. . told me my language as well but i will only react to situations i have read the reports but i'm not you know pushing the no i will leave them to stay current comment on your latter point to say that it is to carry out a cause are you talking no god. no more weasel words when you vain a direct question simply prepared for a change when you throw a punch be ready for a. pretty off speech and a little down to freedom to cost. do we speak your language or not

a day of. school music programs and documentaries in spanish matters to you breaking news a little tonnage of angola's kidneys stories. you hear first century spanish find out more visit eye to eye. at goldsmiths college in london researches are examining the interplay between digitalisation and society. matthew for learned the modern fights are analyzing the workings of search engines and their role in everyday life. and more and more computing is built into. people's everyday lives the more and more it can be broken up into smaller smaller parts discrete parts and the reassembled as analyzed on the basis of it's corresponds with different kinds

of abstract patterns and that's kind of what we found is an example of this kind of reconstitution of the person in the digital here. in their words how google decides what we see the research is demonstrate how google evaluates search queries in very specific ways. if you look at the search interface there is actually you know indication that this is happening so usually people don't you know this this is going on better search results are being filtered and now. it's the first to discover that google analyzes and personalize its users data changing it and will. be processed as search query for one of these philosophers similar payments three process one for what we call normally misuse or.

the anonymous user received offers for mass tourism the philosopher's offers for two years and the upper price segment does this mean that not everyone receives the same offers despite the same search query. all computers deciding who travels whether. we already predictable through and through. well we are no english being stigmatized and sorted out. further influences research shows that google makes decisions for uses without that even realizing it. we need to understand these not simply as kind of repressive forces that can look people into place but also they produce new kinds of ways of being together in cities and that is what we think search engines and especially coupled with locative says is or. but of an urban bice competing for you big cities competing

all of these need to be. rethought in terms of how they their understood as part of the public space in that citizens are able to take part in the design of reflection on these on these systems. how can citizens participate in the design of these systems when developments in the digital parallel world taking place at breakneck speed citizens of both uses and products alike the more specific the information gained about an individual the more valuable the data becomes how can we grasp the full extent of the digital penetration into our lives. in berlin sandro going to enlist conducting research into the freedom of information technology and war especially sign but will he advises government institutions and berlin and brussels . that know

a lot of the tsunami where was another revolution and micro electronics which went almost completely unnoticed the whole area of sensors we've made incredible massive developments in sensor technology just so them together with the information revolution this sensor revolution has produced a general cognitive sphere in our technical environment and all these technical environments are. now able to monitor record and process the information they gather it's a boy. and has also followed. drones as helpers in extreme situations. the combination of optical chemical and infrared senses enables not only the visualisation of situations in real time and three day but also the analysis of hazardous substances ideal for firefighters rescue services disaster relief forces and the military. senses also facilitate virtual

tracking through face recognition. this can already be observed in the internet. visitors at the glastonbury festival were captured in a large group which remained online long after the festival was over. through the use of tags individuals could be identified and approached via facebook. the page was one of the most popular on the internet for quite some time but what does this have to say about the experience does the festival continue only in the parallel universe of the internet. to live in multiple realities simul tiniest. face recognition it can also be used in an entirely different dimension cameras incenses i capturing people and scanning them for suspicious physiological signs. the aim to detect hostile intentions before the suspect can cause harm.

but if you don't vilify this is really important to not speak out because i can put it to extensive use for security measures and behave sickly i can attach a policeman in other words a camera to any technical device which can process i-t. ninety. by income i can put chips into all kinds of equipment in a specific environment and increase security enormously gunsmiths but this is of course also a threat to personal liberty only if you have high. security or freedom the e.u. is funding a program to develop an intelligent information system to support surveillance and capture for the safety of citizens in an urban environment increasingly now there are efforts to use computers to bring together all sorts of items of data every time an airline ticket is booked i think in the u.k.

now by law you have to they have to collect fifty three separate pieces of information from all sorts of different sources. to to to profile out information and to assess the degree of risk so this is very much again the question of building data from the past to make judgments in the present about the potential future risk straight out of minority report if you like. if different recordings systems are interconnected to form a comprehensive monitoring operators for preventive police work who controls the search criteria all the computers and senses. until they make a judgment about what might be considered normal in some way light on that which is

a big question everything is normal in london. but what happens is they is the data mining system to try and build a sense of the normality of the city which is then used to try and assess things that are unusual. and i think that's where the politics of the city increasingly lie based on who judges what is normal in a city and who judges what is abnormal in the city so if i pull it. today security means the security of cities in new york the attack came from the head in london from underground on the street. while these is still possible it's more likely the city will be attacked by computers disrupting the supply of electricity water and food. prices are as any other movie theoretically if the.

us if someone attacks the i.t. centers and some areas it would have catastrophic consequences especially in cities the food supply would instantaneously collapse everything is time to market on that no one has a larger anymore and if no one would know where to find food. or. communication systems would break and there would be no water because the pumps couldn't operate without electricity that's within a few days the city would degenerate into a primitive state because no one would have the resources to feed themselves to communicate or anything else this is an enormous risk that the. silent attack on a city without leaving

a trace. this may sound like science fiction but it's already on the minds of hacking is criminals and terrorist groups. these are also gearing up for cyber war . times of peace these cyber war units ponder what to do if there's no war going on and i've got forces that can go anywhere and do anything then naturally i'll use them to attack other economies i can pursue economic political objectives i can conduct massive industrial espionage at such a high level that it even be detected and i can engage in sabotage and these units can sabotage an entire production and cause stock prices to plummet i can then buy up stocks cheaply or i can attack the stock exchanges directly with the prices from an i.t. perspectives and that's the stock markets are incredibly complex monsters they'd never notice a skilled attacker in their midst and the attackers know this that's what makes the

whole situation really attractive to what could happen is that these cyber war components which are simply there will start a secret economic war i consider this quite plausible because there are no means for identifying the attackers there's no need to fear diplomatic repercussions or missiles from the united states no one can protect themselves against these skilled attackers and everything is being offered to them on a silver platter i'm sure there will be more developments in this direction. because. images of a world fading away the boisterous stock market was yesterday today more than fifty percent of the u.s. stock trade is handled electronically from computer to computer algorithm to algorithm humans are much too slow for such transactions.

perspective these i.t. security issues could be a reason to stock exchanges altogether because i can't guarantee. but let's show mayor represents the real value of companies a lot of it is. in the next attack on the financial world no towers will fall yet the entire city will collapse and degenerate into chaos the attacker will come silently through the financial industries own daughter is its hyper fos networks we won't notice until after the fact if we notice at all it will be too late. what good is all the security if the fear of terrorism transforms our cities and society beyond recognition. if we are reduced to wandering through militarized

security zones. if our longings to live together in a city make us a security risk. how many liberties must we sacrifice to overcome our fears. how i'm i'm. i'm. i'm. ok. i dave a crock you welcome you to ted you're all

a virgin it's a little while in the middle of the chesapeake bay kind of a genocide and i go back out a. ramp a year all in the chesapeake bay probably one of the best areas in a phone call fred. this is the result that your time and your island before the channel was good for oh here. they are. as you go all. right here are some of the headstones from the graves it for you this is a fruits that's what we don't want happen to taint your all and we want to get some protection and make sure that we don't go into the chesapeake bay like uppers did in other communities. choose your language. we can we know if general can i say still some.

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the u.s. agrees to see damascus chemically dissolve and will decide on its tripod afterwards raising questions over whether obama has lost his appetite for what made a lot of support balls at. a un report and don's ba'ath regime forces and rebels for shelling under massacring civilians coming out with speaks of those making a pilgrimage to syria to join the great jihad. and also the embassy to see other crew from the international space station success when it comes to an end as they so use cops to lines in the concepts that. china looks to brighten its economic stock saying it won't stick to.