i think it's an incredible city's all of human. sediment patients of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british empire. along with new york and home called still in the center of the global financial industry. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three hundred languages countless ethnicities and colleges london is a prototype of a global networked mega city and a laboratory for security measures a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york washington were already on the way before those attacks so it's important to sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes intensifying

that we're already on the way most importantly i would say there's a increasing preoccupation with security as defined by the state defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of space cities are getting more and the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently however this context is it's leading to another scut sense of renewed emphasis on the city as a sites of violence of conflict. throughout history rules of protected cities and their inhabitants now the rules have disappeared and borders are more open than ever. the enemy generally doesn't come from the outside. he's already here living among us. this is he is

a fragile fabric of space. how can we protect ourselves against the invisible comprehensible against feelings of the nobility you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring the vehicles coming up and down the street down the end there are a further two hang of the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two in the corner of that building these are hiding globes this building is one of my favorites it's completely encrusted in c.c.t.v. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is for. one of them monitoring the door it's the service entrance and you've got a globe which monitors the street and then there is a fixed camera there which just seems to be looking straight at the ground and there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out and looking at this traffic interchange which is already being covered by that and

then another globe which can obviously swing around and. on the other side there are almost as many cameras again all in all just from this one spot it's being watched by sixty c.c.t.v. cameras. photography henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called our project ring of steel entering the car because we were really fascinated in this i did that when you were in the city of london every movement is traced by cameras. in exhibitions and on the internet and readers who williams and george showed a tight network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible on a map there will come of in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a true. are you in the middle of

a street surrounded by on blogs. a tank beriah disguised as a pole. together with the only present security cameras these structures a former security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough. it's followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel is a modern fortress a matrix for other cities the project about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood how to read the landscape i think that's what i find most interesting about the ring of steel is because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like a very mobile that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also through guided tours how to find it and how to be able to analyze what you were looking at and to

understand how the system was operating. one thousand nine hundred three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates of the city of london the oil rig brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the wouldst of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of the city's wellner ability and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the city send through limiting access routes building checkpoints and installing countless surveillance cameras. here we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here.

which was established in the ninety nine cease following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have automated system for registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. the system developed over eighteen is and is now largely computer operated checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system. a potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything

and can seal off the financial district at a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track of their everyday lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some coercive big brother thora tarion state such as the. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all sorts of different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all necessarily become sad fries so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like them warm orwellian big brother society.

more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effect if electronic management system daily life in a megacity is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel. in taxis buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the urban. more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion inhabitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing. with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities live people from the surrounding areas the cities become

mega-cities then evolved into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety and emerging urban landscapes. martin rue it works in berlin but at any given moment he's on line in the transport control system and has a with a capital of the on the way province with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquillity more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and

environmental problems as well as social unrest. once in his history hartman's as arm and if lot of people together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on france when we're finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. oh it's these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour for example was the easy stuff a kid in the mason show and a bus which was in fifteen go through a dished out person and pushed him in. the taxis are always in motion the system is dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately

recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and latent threats to peace and order. bulletins. and a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem. this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat and this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic. stumbling in syria there can be no doubt the obama administration would very much

like to strike syria and strike a hard problem is if you actually buy into the administration's so-called common sense reasoning surrounding assad's alleged use of chemical weapons which is the administration's real aim and has it painted itself into a red line corner choose your language. because we know if you. choose to use the consensus to. choose you have to. choose the stories that impact your life choose to to access. live.

good speech. will. be misleading good at least. a little. with the help of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed online by the traffic control center. the big traffic management or total surveillance. the taxi driver is becoming security agents who

controls all of the data. and who has access to it. q. in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life but will we lose our open freedom as movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain the delicate balance between our desire for freedom and our need for security.

will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites target saying during warfare going right back to the days of classical civilisation three medieval societies to the contemporary period. the crucial thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and their cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center embassies are always heavily protected but since the nine

eleven attacks high security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate as a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. is security and public space still co-exist. but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at a cost of about wall billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape feature an aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves

a whole lot of blast proofing architecture is a whole load of very intense security devices and systems many of which are confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. all we witnessing are in a sense of medieval architecture with electronics city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to deal function protection from the outside and for rulers protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits on the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are

increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry . at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh a sound cannon developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. that is normally little weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but equally for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for a sense of a nutz. the swiss capital has always been

a force of fine city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers. ben heard at the end his partner pascal vessel have been developing architectural concepts for many years in two thousand and seven there were commissioned to reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. sylvia and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today so not only in switzerland but also in other countries egypt because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of say here and then stop to talk to me.

the square in front of the parliament building is a former parking lot. the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure may i go there and he will someone pop out from behind a car he's going i think this is very very important. in this day and age and with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for stairs no one wants this to happen in the long but if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling it's just as anxious as if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe if it's just once you see here.

everything is appears relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. beneath the square lie enormous vaults housing the gold reserves of the swiss national bank. despite having to register victim to stop the parliament building is in the middle of the city there is no demarcation on the outside anyone can go right up to the building's facade so this reflects switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept stay at home and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it

was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met technically without necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled gets better you're in a secure area like in an airport but you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what it was dated the last and one should experience it in the positive ways that i. i. i feel. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city and uni built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. that see you know that's our goal was to

recreate a hard for berth in. the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here. to put some of out find if my foot stemmer plots was actually once the heart of europe ice and clearly had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from lauren europe and for that matter. it was really vibrant

dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house photo last hotel's great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place i think this puts you on the path. nothing ethne september at the hilton here after a nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere. about a man of the white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here often. if you. can

a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public open space is also a safety issue there hide and security as a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security at a subjective sense of it and we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present which they are. all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security without requiring a lot of electronics or not of months he knew in twenty of.

the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many are skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stones age or in east german signs in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. often we don't realise just how vulnerable crowded places are until an accident or attack disturbs the peace. if the main competitor girl on the market is mother nature. may customers struggle with goods. fight for each drop from an old dirty supply.

let people think i or prices purer want to. live on t.v. . they use it up there and wash their hands in it and flush their toilets when the same water the mysteries is selling and spraying water. mission in three cretaceous three kinds four charges free. range humans three risk free stew type free. download free broadcast quality video for your media projects a free media dog our teeth on tom. over. did you know the price is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution and. that's because

a free and open press is critical to our democracy albus. role. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and across several we've been hijacked why a handful of transnational corporations will profit by destroying what our founding fathers once told us i'm tom are going to get on this show we reveal the big picture of what's actually going on in the world we go beyond identifying the problem trucks rational debate and a real discussion critical issues facing america if i ever feel ready to join the movement then welcome the. wealthy british style. time to the tirelessly.

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. washington. polled with russia's proposal give up its chemical weapons allowing president obama to post. i mean. political support. for. the syrian regime and opposition forces in war crimes was speak to those who came from malta and not full democracy but for. this hour the world economic forum in china has the country's government promises new on its currency into a fully fledged alternative to the dollar.