of globalization. nowhere else in the world a conflict so strongly concentrated as here. cities are of the ebus and the savior bustling with possibilities yet vulnerable. those wanting to hama society ambushed the city and its daily life a. city is a defenseless against this form of terrorism. their inhabitants vulnerable. how do cities respond to this threat. and how does fit change our open lifestyle. play.

a little play in. cities are excited for things incredible cities all of human life. sediment haitians of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british. along with new york and home culture still in the center of the global financial industry. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three hundred languages countless ethnicities and culture has london is a prototype of a global network mega city and a laboratory for security measures a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york washington. we're already on the way before those attacks so it's important to to

sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes intensifying that we're already on the way most importantly i would say there's a increasing preoccupation with security as defined by the state as defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of open space cities are getting more and the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently however this new context is it's leading to another scut sense of renewed emphasis on the city a society of violence of conflict. throughout history rules of protected cities and their inhabitants now the rules

have disappeared and borders are more open than ever. the enemy generally doesn't come from the outside he's already here living among us. this is he is a fragile fabric abominable space. how can we protect ourselves against the invisible even comprehensible against feelings of vulnerability you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring this vehicles coming up and down the street down the end there are further to hang up the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two on the corner of that building these are hanging globes this building is one of my favorites it's completely encrusted in c.c.t.v. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is full you've got one of them monitoring the door it's the service entrance and you've got a globe which monitors the street and then there is a fixed camera that which. seems to be looking straight at the ground and there is

no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out looking at this traffic into change which is already being covered by that and then another globe which can obviously swing around and that's available on the other side there are almost as many cameras again all in all just from this one spot is being watched by sixteen c.c.t.v. cameras. refer to george getting old and photographer henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called all up project ring of steel entering the put up tick on because we were really fascinated in this i did that when you were in the city of london every movement is traced by cameras. in exhibitions and on the internet and readers who williams and george showed a tight network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible on

a map there will come of it in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of a street surrounded by. a tank beriah disguised as a poem. together with the already present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough. it's followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel is a fortress a matrix for other cities the project about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood so how to reach the landscape i think that's what i find most interesting about the ring of steel is because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like a very mobile. that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted

to explain to people like dream of paying for photographs and also to guided tours how to find it and how to be able to analyze what you are looking at and to understand how the system is operating. ninety ninety three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates in the city of london the attack brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the wood of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of the says he's vulnerable ety and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the says he send through limiting access routes building checkpoints and installing countless surveillance cameras. here

we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here. which was established in the ninety nine cease following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have also made the system fall registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. the system developed over eighteen is and is now largely computer operated

checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system. a potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything and can seal off the financial district at a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track of their everyday lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some coercive big brother thora tarion state such as the. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all sorts of different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images

don't all necessarily become sand fries so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like then wong orwellian big brother society. more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effective electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel. in taxis buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the urban millenia more than fifty percent of the world's seven

billion and habitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing. with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities the people from the surrounding areas the cities become mega-cities then evolve into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety in emerging urban landscapes. martin roux it works in berlin but at any given moment he's on line in the transport control system and has a say capital of the under way province with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquility more than one hundred fifty cities in china

will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and environmental problems as well as social unrest. in his mission hop on saddam and if lot of tuxes or skill together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on fancy when we're finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. oh it's these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour and for example with the easy stuff or killing the list and showing the bus routes once in fifteen growth through a dished up person and pushed him in. the taxis are always in motion the system is

dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. in a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem. this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat to tell you this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic.

with economic in the final. and the rest. take a break. first . and i think the church.

did you know the prize is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution and. that's because a free and open prize is critical to our democracy albus. role. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and our press cynical we've been a hydrogen lying handful of friends dashed all corporations that will profit by destroying what our founding fathers once built up my job market and on this show we reveal the big picture of what's actually going on in the world we go beyond identifying the problem truck rational debate and real discussion critical issues facing america find a job ready to join the movement then walk in the big picture. with

the hope of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed online by the traffic controls and a. perfect traffic management or total surveillance. taxi drivers becoming security agents who controls all of the data. and who has access to it. in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life

but will we lose our open freedom as our movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain the delicate balance between our desire for freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right back to the days of classical civilization through many evil societies to the contemporary period. the crucial thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and the cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and

police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center and the seas are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks high security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate as a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. is security and public space still co-exist. but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city sensa like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at

a cost of about wall billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it'll not which is both a landscape. and aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architecture is a whole lot of fairy intense security devices and systems many of which are confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. are we witnessing or in a sense of medieval architecture with electronic city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to deal function protection from the outside and for

rulers protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits on the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens their security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry. at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh as sound kind of developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but equally for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for in surveillance

. the swiss capitol has always been a fortified city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers. then heard abby and his partner pascal vessel have been developing architectural concepts for many years in two thousand and seven there were commissioned to reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. to finish sylvia and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today not only in switzerland but also in other

countries because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city to say here at the end stop to talk to me. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of. the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and he called someone pop out

from behind a car he's thinking i think this is very very important. in this day and age and with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for stairs no one wants this to happen in the long but if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling it's just as anxious as if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once he says. everything is at his relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. beneath the square lie enormous vaults housing the gold reserves of the swiss national bank. despite having to register victim to stop the parliament building it is in the middle of the city and there's no demarcation on the outside anyone can go right up to the building's facade so this reflects switzerland's

openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept of hope and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met technically without necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled gets better you're in a secure area like in an airport but you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what sort of day the last and one should experience it in a positive ways. i. i.

i don't. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city newly built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. that see you know that's our goal was to recreate a hard for a bird in. the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here.

to put snuff out find the smiled i thought stammer plots was actually once the heart of europe and clearly had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from lauren your open for that matter. it's was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house i thought i'd lost . a great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place i think has put the on the path. nothing ethne september i think not to hear after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere and. i put him on the

white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here often. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public urban space is also a safety issue there hide it and security is a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security at a subjective sense of it and we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be

any dodgy areas. staff have to be present which they are. all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security and that without requiring a lot of electronics or not just months he knew in twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many as skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi during east german times in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. also and we don't realize just how vulnerable crowded places are until an accident or attack disturbs the peace.

the. war is probably the most complex of all human activity is. still locked up. in the phenomenon of friendly fire probably extends back to the invention of gunpowder. just killed a bunch of people in a terrible jungle warfare on the premises there are a us people. reading. this summer shoots my brother in the leg not intentional because it is because it was night times four in the morning even the best given the mesh shoulders. are going to make mistakes does this whole idea of brotherhood an author and then and camaraderie in

this sense it was in this context that has absolutely no place. told me my language at all but i will only react to situations as i have read the reports and let the players know i will leave them to the state department to comment on your latter point to say it's secure the car is on the docket. no more weasel words. when you need a direct question be prepared for a chase when you throw a punch be ready for a battle freedom of speech and a little down to freedom to costs. live

. live live. live .

the latest news on the week's top stories sealed with a handshake moscow and washington agree on a roadmap to eliminate chemical weapons from syria averting for now a u.s. strike on the country. course for conflict are teammates in prison foreign extremists who have been fighting on the side of the syrian opposition to find out why they joined the civil war. and we take a look at europe's drift to the right is a populist anti immigration party in norway which mass murder brevik was once a member of the set to play a key role in the country's government.