nop if it wants the chinese to keep heading its way does our sylvia r.t. paris. coming up next is the world trade organization capable of time clean global trade problems so i think i will be attempting to answer that just after this break . we talked before about people getting in trouble throughout the usa just for gardening in fact according to the christian science monitor a couple of florida has been fined five hundred dollars a day until they dig up their vegetable garden which is on their own property immediately people who write these articles draw comparisons to communist russia where people weren't allowed to grow their own food unless the state all out it yes

the revolutionary period in russia forced agriculture to change rapidly and often against the will of many of those involved and this did lead to starvation revolution isn't fun but what about after that was stalin and khrushchev gave out a lot of doctors which are private summer houses where people guard and also there were markets in the soviet union where people could bring the food they grew to sell to see all these pictures behind me these are people in the soviet union selling food they produced privately and legally but there were some moments in soviet history when there were some taxes placed on the sale of your personal goods from your personal labor which according to russian website history of taxes was around ten percent whether you love or hate communism more than anything doesn't matter this half truth about shooting soviet gardeners burns like wildfire on the american side of the internet the real truth is that in fact when the us government for every reason in various forms clamps down on private gardens it isn't the same as communism but it's actually technically worse than communism for the majority of

its lifespan where you could guard it up as you like excluding the brutal revolutionary. but that's just my opinion. dramas that try to be ignored. stories others who refuse to know. the faces changing the world right next. to pictures of today's. from around the globe. i know c.n.n. the m s n b c news have taken some slightly but the fact is i admire their commitment to cover all sides of the story just in case one of them happens to be

accurate. that was funny but it's close and for the truth and might think. it's because one whole attention and the mainstream media works side by side the joke is actually on here. at our teen years we have a different brain. because the news of the world just is not this funny i'm not laughing dammit i'm not how. you guys talk to the jokes well handled it makes sense that i've got a. hello

and welcome to sophie and co the shevardnadze well look at the global economy today and how i would speak this players the world trade organization is finding its way in the changing circumstances. in the stormy you don't say for ocean of the global economy it stores their safety in numbers. the world trade organization was called on to steady the ship coordinates direction and help the participants communicate. in the turbulence of recent years because these giants lost it's called friends while its members become more selfish the rich dominate the poor imposing unfair rules of training better deals. how can the w t o restore come among its ranks and extinguish fierce trade

conflicts does it know where it's headed where is it safer to be now within the w t o or with ours. and our guest today is it all back to us of that though the director general of the world trade organization who just assumed office at the beginning of september this year mr as a veteran it's great to have you with us on the show. so in your first address to the director general you said at the w t o y and the multilateral trading system are an important crossroads will in fact the w t o is thought to be going through a major crisis and many even doubt its viability what can you do to change that do you have any concrete solutions. well we have been. this situation for a long time and we have to change it simple as that. has been in place since one thousand nine hundred ninety five and since then there has never been one

single negotiated agreement multilaterally we have to change that now bali is an opportunity we're going to have the ministerial call for us at the end of the year december and we are negotiating now with smaller package it doesn't mean that it's not significantly affect it's a very significant package but it's something different from what we were doing before so who knows this next approach would begin to yield some fruits and we can not only harvest something significantly bali but also open the door for future agreements but in your approach to changing things in w.t. what would be different from your proudest predecessor because he was saying the same thing you were saying that things have been stagnating and he wanted to change stuff but he couldn't do anything really well this is the first time that we actually try to approach something different from the whole round. we have still a few weeks to go this is an opportunity i am talking to members engaging

with them i think we're trying to build some trust and confidence in each other and this is a very personal process whether we believe it or not in such a big organisation it's very personal to we have to understand where each other come from and we're in i think we are in position to do something it's very it's going to be extremely difficult it doesn't look easy but it's possible it's doable and i'm sure that when the government round that you just brought out the last global trade negotiations which it were supposed to lower trade barriers across the globe right now is considered as good as debt are you still going to pursue it. i don't think it's as good as that frankly what we want to do in bali is part of. it's not the holdovers round but it's part of the it's a partial package which is within the doha round in my home he said if we can be

successful in bali we're going then to own law negotiations and maybe we'll knows try to approach the rhone from different angles from different perspectives and begin to move in the right direction if you look at w t o today right the way it's wired it's not exactly fair since we're ever joined later has to follow the rule set by the founding members right supporting men developing countries who joined later in an underprivileged position what are you going to do about this inequality . well the purpose of negotiations is precisely to lower and to have more disciplines which apply to everyone i think those who exceed that later head to negotiate the terms of accession but that's frankly that's the rule of the game that's the way it has always been now once the members are in they negotiate on a far to negotiate on equal basis with all the other members they have equal rights and they will negotiate conditions for the next round of the next agreements which

will hopefully be something that they can accept and perceive is something balanced here many would argue that trade conflicts have been a definite rise in recent years why have they flourished in your opinion and what can be done to ease these tensions. treat tensions are not new i mean. they have been there since the beginning of times. beginning of the one nine hundred forty seven three dimensions exist that's what the system is for the system is precisely to ease those tensions to allow members to find solutions to negotiate outcomes which are acceptable to both of them i have been negotiating in the been a participant in the w t o since one thousand nine hundred seven and over all these years i've had never seen. a moment a moment not a year a moment when tensions were not there so you don't you don't think it's a new think of a present that that actually trade tensions are rising you think it's always been

there. not ok but there's. frankly it will always be there. all right but also there are more and more regional unions being formed around the globe the likes of the americas sir the european union the customs you know valorous kazakstan russia for instance can these great one develop within their organization or is this the beginning of a nam for w t o. o on the contrary i think the help of the building blocks towards trade liberalization these blocs these groups these costumes unions these free trade areas they don't come up with without disciplines in order to be set up they have to follow disciplines and these are multilaterally negotiated disciplines which ensure that these blocks that these free trade areas will not raise barriers on the contrary that they are going to lower it and begin to these countries into

a more open environment. but what about the united states and the e.u. agreement that's probably going to be signing time soon the free trade agreement which is sad will turn into w w t o just because you know it will control thirty percent of global trade what would you do what we what superstition of w t o after this agreement is signed. the same as any other this is an agreement that will help to move forward trade liberalization i think that these agreements are very important they compliment the multilateral criticism but they do not substitute the motor that will produce is for several reasons. less limited more limited them sort of more limited in terms of covering. there are fewer countries that participate in them. these agreements are limited in terms of the disciplines that they can establish they won't address subsidies for example they will very hardly address

the new forms of protectionism which is coming into place they would never address these kinds of protectionism globally but these agreements wouldn't they're welcome they are important step in the right direction but they are not to be considered as substitutes and they would never be substitutes for the multilateral two system so if there was two blocks merge when there be threats out of them forging new rules of the game to where it's everyone else. i don't think so because. these these blogs in the united states and the european union they are already very open economies and the fact that they are. having an agreement that allows trade goods and services to flow freely between them doesn't change the picture very much what they are actually going to do is go into the area of disciplines they're going to negotiate the regulations which are more harmonized between those two and there

can be helpful waiting because it diminishes the number of differences in regulations that members have to face when they try to sell their products and services in one or another country but at the same time it helps to move the environment of negotiations forward the more countries are engaged in treaty bitterly so usually negotiations such as these more helpful it is for the multilateral trading system to follow into and to act in a similar way rusher and brazil your home country are members of both w t l and the brics club of emerging economies also embracing china india and south africa. how much do you think brakes can continue developing into a new driving force in the world it will be for some time i have no doubts about that even now that the developed world these these recalls beginning to grow more

rapidly than it was before the brics are still major elements for growth in the in the world economy and i don't think that's going to change very very soon one of the reasons for that is that the dynamic economies that are still growing they are incorporated large masses of people into the formal economy so this phenomenon is not going to change very soon which doesn't mean that they are necessarily a club apart they are just becoming part of a more globally integrated world economy coming up to the break what's better always there i'm going to shake up next what's russia's gain from joining w t l and who is to strongest kid on the block don't go away.

this is the media leave us so we leave the media. by the sea pushes to the other your party physical. issues that no one is asking with the guests that you deserve answers from it's all politics. at the present the piece of legislation was a terrible mistake now i'm very hard to take on to let once again let along here is a plot that you never had sex with others make their lives let alone was.

just so. listen the i'm listening. unexplored antarctica what is it in this icy expanse that attracts the people who come here. along with the no i only go to the dock. and enter into. a new generation of polar explorers is coming. we have a new group of specialists here now all of them are young how are they going to get

along with each other and i don't know. who. i used to be a bureaucrat. seriously. what adventures await in this mysterious land where do they live want to eat and what are they actually doing in antarctica. wealthy british style. markets why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy with max cons are no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune into the report.

welcome back to the show we're talking to it all back though as event of the director general of the w t o about the unity he's organization is lacking and the benefits that may not be there so since we already are talking about russia it has been a member for a little over a year and but what was russia's membership at it on a global level for trade for example. well of course. russia is a very important economy in in the world and it would be very. unusual in them fortunate to have an organization the size of the w two one organisation that is looking for universality to be operating without having russia in it so i think the russian accession is a welcome development to the to the organization to the world economy because then

the rules which apply globally to the members will also apply to russia so that provides predictability that provides a level playing field i think for all so it's a very welcome development had there been any negative fallout from that. not really i think in the w.t. oh every time a major economy joins the reserve period for accommodation there is a period for adjustments that happen when for example when china joined the years after the jain the chinese accession years of accommodation there was. a better understanding i think the parties were testing where each other word they were talking to each other they were finding areas of commonality but also areas of disagreement and that's normal that it's absolutely normal that's going to happen with russia too and that's going to happen with other economies that will be

significant and will be joining the euro but what would you say i russia has gained from joining definitely taken into consideration both the state of russian economy and also the way things are looking at the police here at this present moment. the biggest gain for russia is that it will never be subject to discrimination according to the rules so anybody that. wants for example to impose a protectionist measure of something that would impede russian products into their territory they will have to follow the rules and that was not the case before. and you could see the election for example being adopted against russia not any more any unilateral action or any of this could minatory action against russia would possibly be to dispute settlement and eventually sanctions if you're going to impose and so i believe that russia has had a lot to gain in joining and will be one of the major beneficiaries of this system you know there's a question that has been keeping us scratching our hat for

a while russia membership for nearly two decades when it then finally took a cooler approach to joining but it was then accepted even though nothing really had changed in russia's economy what exactly made it a session possible can you explain that to our viewers well it's essentially a negotiation among members of these negotiations take time the reasons why. and become right to be concluded very from case to case in the case of russia it was a bold lengthy negotiations which were getting. mature enough and the political will think on the part of members and on the part of russia to conclude that political will is a very important element in accession negotiations and it was therefore russia so that i believe was the major key component that allowed the session to be successfully concluded that there are many requirements from the w t o to be imposed on russia in the coming years what impact will they have on russia the qana

me and its people. i can't really tell but i am sure that it will be for the better but i think another crisis of two thousand and eight it really starts the global economy at just about every level so what conclusions have been drawn from these traumatic experience have. been taken in case the situation repeats itself. well that's precisely the reason why the members of the g twenty or meeting here in st petersburg believe there is a level it's precisely to avoid that kind of situation from repeating itself. as the little trading system is concerned i think i proved that it can be effective for example in avoiding protectionist rents after two thousand and eight the fear was that we would have a repeat of what happened in the one nine hundred thirty s. when protectionist measures were put in place and at the end of the day changed the scenery completely and led to further the pression economically across the globe

and this time around it didn't happen and i think one of the reasons why you didn't happen was because the doubly chilled discipline stopped members from introducing. protectionist measures here a recent policy change by the american federal reserve so big currency devaluations in many emerging markets as you may know this summer the brazilian ryall went down twenty percent as did the indian rupee and the turkish lira that led to a price hike on imported goods in the goods in this country where does a double stand when problems like this come up. all these problems are or frequently occurring. the issue of valuation of currencies or devaluation of currencies is a permanent t. shirt and i think that we have rules into the two which are not perfect for particularly the issue of currencies but allow members to take action. and then you rate this situation or symmetries that they find from time to time. i

think that this is a normal moment because. this is not the first time that we see currencies shifting from or downwards but what it is like federal reserves lead to unrest in those countries with shaking currencies similar to the arab countries to what the arab countries witness when commodities became too expensive when america started its quantitative easing in two thousand and eight great so citizens couldn't afford basics like. and thought it was their governments fault and that triggered the arab spring uprising what's the point of that if not keep some global balance. does not take action by itself ever it is the members that take action so if members feel that somebody is doing something which affects their economy or affects their trade capacity then they are

perfectly capable of consulting for so they can call the other member explain what the difficulties or try to find the solution mutually satisfactory or they can take the you should to dispute settlement if that's the case but it's up to members to decide what course of action they want to take it's not for the doubly chill to do it by itself the debris field doesn't have any men date to act by its own will. also age here has been playing playing a crucial role in the world's economy in recent years does it have a similar role within the w t o and can it keep the lead do you think i think it's one of the most dynamic areas of the world the asian markets in apec for example is largely asian it's one of the most important forum for discussion i believe that. asia to be one of the main nexus of the world but all of the major for one of the major forces in the global governance fora including the

cio africa is also another emerging continent in terms of economy what do you see happening there where is the growth going to be and who is going to benefit. well i think the african continent is very diverse that's for sure and there are opportunities for growth there opportunities for investment opportunities for increasing trade across the continent most most of the times politicos to bill. it is also a very important factor but not only there it's about creating the conditions to participate better in the world trade flows it varies from country to country it's very difficult to talk of africa without looking at the particular situation of each one of the countries that compose it can you do that but latin america one of the key issues in your opinion that trouble that continent so i think level america

is well positioned to benefit from more growth i think many key exporters in latin america particularly in terms of commodities. non oil commodities but also all commodities in some cases in america is one of the it is a very mature continent countries are following different best and those there are more integrated in the world economy those that are more open in participating in the global trade flows are doing quite well just to wrap it up as of that what would you hope to be your biggest achievement and your legacy after you leave the post of w here is director general well i hope i have been doing. trade negotiations for a long time i started working with the w two in one nine hundred ninety seven so the organization was two years old in during this time i saw the negotiation facing much better days and i hope that we can i could leave the office with

a doubling as vibrant as it was before as relevant as it was before negotiating important deals and once again being the table where countries come to to negotiate three. decision thank you very much for this interview that's all for today our guest here on so clean coal was recognizing that the hand of the world trade organization thanks for watching us and we'll see you next time.

the. war is probably the most complex and difficult to. build up. to the phenomenon of friendly fire probably extends back to the invention of gunpowder. kill a bunch of people who don't know what they're up their families there are a us people. reading. this summer shoots my brother in the leg not intentional because of it because it was night times four in the morning even the best even the best soldiers. are going to make mistakes this is this whole idea of brotherhood and author. and camaraderie in this sense it was in this context that has absolutely no place.

secret laboratory was able to build the most sophisticated robot which will unfortunately doesn't give a dollar amount anything tunes mission to teach me the creation of life should care about humans in the world this is why you should care only on the. language of oil but i will only react to situations. i have read the reports for. the pollution and no i will leave that to the state department to comment on your latter point. to carry out a call as on the talking. you know more weasel words. when you need a direct question be prepared for a change when you run you should be ready for

a. freedom of speech. down the freedom to watch. twelve people are dead in a shooting at the navy yard in washington d.c. including one gun man up to three shooters a believed to have carried out the attack with two of them still at large. a u.n. report says there's no doubt that chemical weapons were used in syria adding that warheads for the siren loaded rockets could have been improvised devices this is russia's foreign minister says the syrian opposition should be made to sit down for peace talks with the government. and under fire continues its series of reports from the heart of the syrian war this time our correspondent joins syrian troops dodging sniper fire in a damascus suburb.