i think. everybody told you if you did you know the price is the only industry specifically mentioned because that you try that's because a free and open press is critical to our democracy correct call for us. to make you know i'm sorry and on this show we reveal the picture of what's actually going on and we go beyond identifying the problem to try rational debate real discussion critical issues facing the camera ready to join the movement and welcome those who. did tonight's green report global warming is hitting the arctic regions of the northern hemisphere particularly greenland harder than the more temperate or

equatorial parts of the earth climate scientists as well as geologists who study past extinctions in the earth's history are watching the arctic and greenland in particular with increasing concern for more on this we're joined by professor jason box a climatologist with the geological survey of denmark in greenland g us and working on the dark snow project live from copenhagen denmark because the box welcome. it's good to be with you thank you please tell us about the dark snow project. that is the project focused on the twenty twelve melt layer in greenland we observed at record setting melt last year in two thousand and twelve and the question of the role of. from wildfire and industrial pollution has not really been answered so completely we'd like to put. this dark material that multiplying an existing sheet. back we'd like to put that

into context and we've just returned from greenland we've obtained several course and surface samples where we're now trying to get the ice to the appropriate laboratories to look at it under new microscope technology and chemical analyses to try to fingerprint the source of the light absorbing impurities and then with those numbers to put a quantity out how important quantitatively is it is carbon black. to. the story of the increasing melts we know that the reflectivity of the ice sheet has been declining more than six percent in the last twelve years and the ice sheets absorbing much more sunlight that has that effect has doubled melting in the last decade and so we want to understand and decompose

that signal among. the light absorbing impurities effect of heating and other feedbacks chaos theory is as best known by the general public as the notion that a butterfly flapping its wings in new mexico could cause a massive hurricane in china how does chaos theory apply to the ice in the arctic and on greenland. well with regard to the reflectivity feedback with temperature small changes early on and the feedback can counsel large impacts later on because this process integrates and compounds through time so even a small change in the reflectivity due to for example wildfires like that could back fire we just had in two thousand and thirteen that can compound and become a very large factor it were it not to have occurred so you certainly could. do. i was thinking in terms of that. that butterfly effect. depending on

what happened in the past and so these small episodes can have large impacts if if allowed to compound it is included in those large impacts and increase in global warming and if so what would be the mechanism. in the case of greenland it's a very useful indicator of climate change and it's also useful in reactor to climate change so when we see surface melting go for the complete highest elevations of the ice sheet that tells us something about climate that's the indicator part and then the reactor part is as climate change or unfolds the ice sheets is is in a state of it's trying to adjust to this. abrupt climate warming that we've served in the recent decades and and that has sea level impacts and ocean

circulation salinity and packs we're seeing. the ice sheets also antarctica reacting and they. you know they take a long time to react and and. but it's like once they're there set in motion they they they have so it's such a nurse. this story is unfolding so what we see it's these curves they're they're good they're they're not linear trends they're there are. these changes that are getting steeper and that's hard to. predict what that is like in that future because tiny changes in that slope too and how it changes through time can produce really large. changes in the future integrating for a hundred years for example. so that the use of greenland is helping tell a story at the same. i'm that it's actually influencing sea level in it's useful to

zoom back in its recognize agreement is just part of a larger system that our system and then the arctic systems interacting with the lower latitudes where most people live. although nowhere as severe as the permian mass extinction the paleo scene is seen dermal maximum fifty five million years ago was apparently caused by a six degrees celsius of global warming over about a twenty thousand year period and that led to a huge extinction on the planet how does today's pattern of global warming compare with that of previous geologic erez that lead to actual extinction events. that climate epic you mentioned is a useful analogue it seems to be the most useful most recent analogue to the trajectory that that humanity is on right now we are rapidly elevating the greenhouse effect greenhouse effect which is normally

a natural process that keeps the surface temperature much warmer than it would otherwise be without an atmosphere where we're getting the atmosphere it's like too much of a good thing and it's happening fast in geologic terms and and so this this so called the hockey stick is actually a useful analogy it shows temperatures are going along and there is all this natural variations and then bang it we're on a kind of a rocket ride. and the the the climate epic the paleo senior scene thermal maximum is the similar slide. where we we see a climate with a much elevated greenhouse effect there are a lot of feedbacks in the one we're most concerned of i saw you reported on that recently with charles miller the question of how much carbon will be at. to date

it from arctic tundra due to warming and and i think that's the probably the biggest issue that we face a sea level change is a big one to a very expensive one to manage but the methane released from the tundra once that gets underway we reach a point where we lose the option of having an affective mitigation strategy we can always abandon towse lines but if if we activate enough of the carbon reservoir in the trust or will. bias here that becomes unmanageable so that that's a no unfortunately kind of a doomsday scenario that archie ject jury is pointed to and it gives me some hope that we do see governments and and and industries reacting to this because we we all have kids you know we all have an investment in the future and i

think people are starting to realize that optimists could june. you know in simple terms explain what a tipping point is and how what you're seeing in greenland might indicate that there and put perhaps planet wide we might be heading for approaching tipping points and how do we know when we've passed one isn't even possible to know when we pass one and one of the consequences of taking it. well tipping points are useful the term is a bit overused but we uncovered a genuine tipping point recently in our greenland research where we we measured the upper elevations of the ice sheets are normally next truly there's more thermal radiation to space than there is downward and that balance of was negative and so that's what helps maintain the ice sheets is a highly reflects. surface with clear skies aloft and the the he just radiates to space

and it's gone. but as the reflectivity of the ice sheet gets darker due to. warmer conditions actually cause the ice crystals to be rounder and they reflect less sunlight that's a heat driven process and any light absorbing interior is absorbing more sunlight also if clouds are slicker for example that puts more thermal radiation down from the sky but the what we observed was the ice sheet going from a cooling regime a and a kind of a negative in that radiation budget to a positive so. it was actually right on the threshold and it was heading toward and so it was elementary to projects a complete surface not seeing over the ice sheet within the next decade and that happened the very next year after this study was published so the tipping point was a crossover from a ruling regime to a heating ratio once that happens we see

a dramatic increase in melting and then these feedbacks kick in promoting more melting it just amplifies its worth mentioning that that that feedback works in reverse and if you deposit enough snow cover you make the surface are reflective again that can prevent future melting so this feedback is is behind why we observe brought climate change in the air in the records from ice cores ocean settlements and lakes evidence and so on we see that the climate system kind of bangs into and out of ice ages abruptly and what's different about today though is we're going from a non ice age period into it and then dish will warming period some have called it a super interglacial state and there's not much analogue for that in.

paleo ancient records the palea senussi internal next month thirty five million years ago this is a timeline. we know the globe was much warmer and that's not really compatible with civilization as we know it in the minute or so we have left is it possible that that this melting could could contribute to warming oceans enough to either begin the release of methane under the sea or affect the gulf stream and thus affect whether around north america in europe. there's already evidence that melting of greenland and increased rainfall in the north atlantic is modifying the gulf stream circulation in the ocean which keeps northwestern europe warm that's a clear signal so down on the other side of the arctic. did these are shallow seas and warming of those potentially can destabilize methane ice so called methane hydrates or nothing clathrates and and that's another one of these stored

reservoirs of carbon that if activated would. add so much more carbon into the atmosphere that. the human perturbation just becomes a trigger effect and so these are dangerous times and we need to dial back our series here missions we the last thing we should do is is use energy technologies which produce a lot more carbon into the atmosphere professor jason box thank you so much for joining us tonight thanks.

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i would rather ask questions to people in positions of power instead of speaking on their behalf and that's why you can find my show larry king now right here on r.t. question more. at the best of the rest of the news this past weekend female scientists and leaders from more than thirty five countries around the world met in sufferer in new york to discuss the relationship between climate change policy and women's empowerment

the first international women's earth and climate initiative summit included panel discussions on topics like food security fossil fuels and transition into clean energy alternatives joining me now to talk more about the summit and what it means for the future of the climate change fight our rosemary any director of the community rights program with the women's environment climate action network at osprey o'reilly blog co-founder of the international women's earth and climate summit welcome to both of you. thank you thanks for joining us how do women play into the debate over climate change which. tries to go ahead yeah thank you tom it's good to be on your show thank you i think one of the most important untold stories about climate change solutions has to do with women's empowerment and women's leadership and this is one of the reasons that we call the summit together bringing women from the global south women from the global north together to

a very holistic conversation about climate change solutions and i can tell you one thing after being with these women leaders for three and a half days including dr jane goodall dr von and. the secretary to the united nations climate negotiations proceeded to get us mary robinson former president of ireland and a host of amazing women leaders whose names we don't know but are equally important working in their communities in africa south america all over the world. we're seeing that. women leaders are very very fierce actually about protecting the earth and future generations are taking climate change really seriously and i think we need to understand that women are key stakeholders in solutions i just like to give you a few examples between sixty and eighty percent of all household food production in developing countries is done by women so when we're talking about food security and we're talking about food sovereignty and how we're going to change our agricultural

practices that are going to have a low carbon footprint we're talking about women and i think that's really important to understand eighty percent of all consumer purchases in north america are decided by women so we're really looking at how do we galvanize women and create a movement around women making purchasing decisions that will also help create a low carbon footprint and understanding also how our movement together as women can bring about demands on as an example ending the fossil fuel subsidies and making choices that will move us more towards a clean energy economy i mean eighty percent is that is the big number and we were we were very fortunate just to wrap this part up it was we were very fortunate to have women from the force of congo and women from the force of the amazon telling us what's happening with all these extractive industries pulling oil out of the ground minerals out of the ground and what that's doing to their communities and to how the women in the global north how this interchange with their sisters in the

south and understand that how we're living here in the global north has a deep impact and i think that kind of conversation can do a lot to change how we're living with each other in the earth and to the point rosemary how does climate change impact women worldwide and are women disproportionately affected by it and if so how or why. thank you. we all know of the for most kilimanjaro mountain which is the highest point in africa. several years back we used to have a lot of snow on the mt kilimanjaro that used to melt down to the various communities that leave the mound the foot of the mountain and that's where they used to get their water and you know we know women are the ones that face water in africa they have to go for the water they have to go for they have to grow the food as we have had eighty percent of africa actually had their women to grow the food and in the info lot sector so we see that climate change has become

a very big problem in the sense that what the women like for example if they had to go right to three or four hours to create water now all those streams have dried out and now they have to go even eight hours to fix their water the. those of where would i gauge to get around the around the house they have been great deforestation to do don't get back. to the oil for cooking and doing all their household cheerios and then you have again each use about food i when i was young we used to grow the maize by much when the rains came but now they are no rain does dry out. i work with a must. in tanzania and the cows that die in the cuts will die in the head of die so we men are really very much impact with climate change and that's really

a theme that. we have the most vulnerable group but now we want to be activated to key to this big problem that is happening but we cannot be overlooked that's a big themes we now want to look as agents of change to make an impact in the world now well and rosemary how in the western world women have. certainly not equality and certainly not an equal voice but there's been a lot of progress shall we say over the last century it doesn't seem that that's quite so much the case in less developed parts of the world. how are you moving that for how are women moving that forward and what's traditionally called the third world we have about a. year in the grow both. still a lot of faith and you know in the various we're not voting in some areas women are not allowed to go to school we may not like in many countries in africa we may not feel like given the post of maybe i mean. you know at the high level no matter how

educated be our so we still see this injustice but what we have seen is that we climb a king and we are going to see even more injustice in the sense that even the natural resources and all the things that we men leave all the women from this cold war based scene or all of that obviously based in the bone now even those basic rights have been taken away from them the rights to water their rights to nato and you know the rights to all this not your own so if there is going to cause great injustice so for me there is there would never be a climate justice we validate the end of justice and that's what we should take note of very well said rosemary sprit thank you both so much for being with us and for the great work you're doing thank you thank you thank you.

the president of brazil dilma rousseff spoke this morning at the united nations and delivered a powerful and of spying by the n.s.a. on behalf of the united states she said without respect for a nation's sovereignty there is no basis for proper relations among nations adding that brazil knows how to protect itself brazil does not provide shelter to terrorist groups we are a democratic country the brazilian president is so outraged at american spine both on her. country and on her personal e-mails in her personal life that she canceled a state dinner with president obama while most americans see this as a rift between brazil and the united states over the issue of our spying on the president rousseff highlighted the most important point of all elsewhere in her speech this morning she said without the right of privacy there is no real freedom of speech or freedom of opinion and so there is no actual democracy

this is not just true of international relations it's also true domestically here within the united states back before the kennedy administration largely put an end to it j. edgar hoover was infamous in political circles in washington d.c. for his spying on and blackmailing of both american politicians and activists like for example the reverend dr martin luther king jr he even sent king tapes of an extramarital affair and suggested the king should consider committing suicide it was a shameful period in american history and most americans think it's behind us. but the n.s.a. or other intelligence agencies and even local police departments have put the practice of spying on average of citizens in america on steroids as brazil's president points out without privacy there can be no functioning democracy democracy requires opposing voices democracy requires

a certain level of reasonable political conflict. and it requires that government misdeeds be exposed that can only be done when whistleblowers and people committing acts of journalism can do so without being spied upon. perhaps the larger problem is that well over half some estimates run as much as as high as seventy percent of the n.s.a.'s budget has been outsourced to private corporations these private corporations maintain an army of lobbyists here in washington d.c. who constantly push for more spy and thus more money for their clients with the privatization of intelligence operations that normal system of checks and balances that we keep government snooping under control as broken down. we need a new church commission to investigate the nature and scope of our government spying both on our citizens and on our allies like brazil but even more than that

we need to go back to the advice that president dwight eisenhower gave us as he left the presidency in one thousand nine hundred sixty one eisenhower warned about the rise of what he called the military industrial complex suggesting that private forces might in their search for profits override the protective mechanisms that keep government answerable to its people that military industrial complex has now become the military industrial spying private prison complex and it's a far greater threat to our democracy than probably was in vision by eisenhower. government is the protector of the commons. government is of by and for we the people. to do this government must be answerable to the people and when the functions of government are privatized. all of that breaks down. and the

government itself begins to be answerable to profit. it's time to reestablish the clear dividing lines between government functions and corporate functions between public space and private space a critically important place to start that is by ending the privatization within our national investigative and spying agencies. and that's the way it is tonight tuesday september twenty fourth two thousand and thirteen don't forget democracy begins with you get out there get active your.

more news today violence flared up. these are the images and seeing from the streets of canada. giant corporations are today. that was a new alert animation scripts scare me a little league. there is breaking news tonight and we are continuing to follow the breaking news leak the alexander family cry tears of joy and a great things rather that. theatrical regard in a court of law found alive there's a story made sort of movies playing out in real life.

one of the newer lumbermen a lot of these new knowledge base concerns you know you. are lead. a pleasure to have you with us here on t.v. today i'm real researcher. mission free cretaceous three times four chargers three arrangements three. three stooges free. download free blowing quality video for your media projects and free media and on

to our t.v. dot com. today on larry king now it's wendy williams the always cat and talk show host sounds off on her success and her competition and running this t.v. race with blinders on the way i wrote my radio race i'm with arab red and i don't need to look to the left or right i'm competing against myself i was one of those fortunate people i did not go to rehab and i'd never look back now and i've never looked back plus that's the way you actually say honey. that's a friendly way to walk in the room and breaks up the crowd so that people don't think i'm there for evil i'm there for good cause i'm a very tall woman that's all ahead on larry king now. he's what he williams.