oh well can start old your dates is the end about so but not so close you can hear bosco but luckily for us the sun hasn't finished everywhere so is the we pop culture going search for a song winter's knocking at moscow's door but we're not ready to don a long johns just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibes a culture and see what's going on in the world of technology france was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite its opponents in power the country is still looking for new energy sources and even has to bring the power that drives the song down so we're. there's a lot of energy in france and i'm not just talking about the street dunces the country ranks second in the world in terms of nuclear power stations but with growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it so ministers from around the world have come to discourse of possible

shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen on the way france is almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the country's energy needs all the stations have produced well over one million cubic meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature is the process by which heavy elements split to form lighter elements and has been created by mankind to make poa stations and nuclear bombs. do typical reaction a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements and neutrons giving off energy unfortunately its also uses a large amount of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on. the other hand is nature's atomic power you just have to look at

the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction hydrogen isotopes in this district team and you tear you combine to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutrons and lots of energy because most importantly fusion gives off hardly any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave a report on things we could do together and on ways to do them back in one nine hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today as a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the work after that basically followed this plan which you. really have suggests that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit in one thousand nine hundred eighty five he discussed

it with president reagan and the international thermonuclear experimental react to project was born in europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and joined the project along with japan in two thousand and six . to build run and decommission was signed and dramas finally broke in two thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g locating kind of rush in the south of france is one of the most ambitious international scientific collaboration is ever undertaken the e.u. india japan and china russia south korea and the u.s. representing over one half of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy given the ground. for the project is

a feat in itself that each test site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world the access roads from the poles have all been reinforced to support the weight of the deliveries and five thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country alone. since this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components are supplied at the right time compatibility issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's call is fifteen million degrees centigrade this combined with these huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect in fights that it fuses six hundred twenty million

tons of hydrogen every second construction is complete the real fun starts at the heart of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the sense of the sun. equally charged so to overcome and not to repulsion which happen so easily in the sun they need to be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum temperature they form a plaza which is confined to detroit all four donut shaped magnetic field an electric current through the plasma to help heat it on the walls of the chamber have to be built to withstand the intense heat in vacuum conditions and this magical device that can create stars. but it's not a new invention. is a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago. many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion. whence the

state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and the talent for nuclear physics. a little princess was the first person proposed to fund passing an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty brodie's i.d.'s in a letter to stalin but never received a reply but the second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and he's invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of tom and they were impressed by his originality and boldness some kind of recommended that will continue cliff fusion get started straight away but you find they're using a secure magnetic field instead physicist eager to push out so gave a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach in progress the world was impressed the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic plasma containment device the t.

one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven the teeth three which both sucker of and tom had been working on was completed in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight it's a huge record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk of my quest to become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk amounts began to sprinkle all over the world. some of the most notable include the joints european taurus or jets in the u.k. which if the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk amount is currently being used to test a warning for. japan's j.t. sixty which holds the record for the highest plasma time density and temperature ratio on the c.s.t. on america which means to heat the plasma to a mindblowing five hundred ten million degrees c. despite these advances no talk of mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it's used to stop the reaction. so it. is not a film or

a nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been solved and that thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial needs if you get a problem with. the alternatives to talk of the stellar rates it was in one thousand nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't run a current through the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with a fine seventy six initial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered lasers to heat a compressed tight ship fuel pellets and ignite a fusion reaction although exciting from a theoretical point of view it can be tricky to extract power from this method. the

talk turned out to be the most practical plasma confinement system. the fact these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk a market proves it. the first ever talk of mark that team one was built right at the could chose a ski institute in moscow. the institute is named after eagle of course shots of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the projects. now holmes says he wants distant descendant which was built almost forty years ago and is the largest talk among currently operating in russia that see time has generated around ninety thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for. firstly it will use this tocome up to

test out new technologies once that does that we can apply them in a bigger scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods for me this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet exist and millions are eager to develop them and some of these diagnostic tools will be developed here at the office and it's worth the talk is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something to see the possibility of naked eye but if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is why the hope is being generator that generates a sense of being a neutral part schools through the plaza which course it's on the go a series of spectral changes to be human comes out of the plasma sensors five optic cable the constant being is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter the beam then goes through this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the

spectrometer that send all this information to a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these properties that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. the electric field strength and rotation speed of the can also be worked out from these measurements these are the most important part. of this laser system will eventually be fitted in the. one diagnostic system is far from enough. it's a must be monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics. physical diagnostics. technological diagnostics and then there are safety diagnostics that give us a clear picture of the things happening inside the reactor. given the experimental nature of the reality will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which

have been developed here in russia. institute three in the institute and three in the search institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x. rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. unfortunately we can't cover them all but we managed to check out a few. institute is also working on these high fields side reflects the system we sense michael. and use the extent to which they are reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma a wide range of frequencies are used which allows them to take a cross-section and see the density distribution within this system is tested using this full scale mockup of the wave. but the main challenge different way frequencies down the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with the talk of mark

. so we decided to start by installing diagnostic sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full. ray machine diagnostic results. this is a full scale replica of the. system for. the six ton device would be located just one point five meters away from the hot plasma business and only a two centimeter. diverts helps maintain the purity of the place an important role in ensuring the safety of the. gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information to measure the confinement of the alpha particles generated during fusion. a crucial role in producing a burning which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any power. to

institute is also building this neutral particle. concentrations. in energy. isotopes deviation from. this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics nuclear installations for a number of decades now. dozens of instruments operating on this principle and supplied them to our foreign partners. institute he's also located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were.

clearly working on pas make mission systems for. generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they also developed. to protect the super controlled. from overheating if this happens a small explosive charge in the pirate bay could detonate causing a small and medium brings to expunge and completed by prosecutes which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed for each other that must be supplied on time some of the needed to ensure the experiment safety. among them the technology is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber. system and some chamber elements. this panel is part of the inside wall of the talk a mock is made up of lots of little tiles like this one is top consists of a layer of tungsten bronze and the inside wall have over one million of them and

six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and the sun them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can get into three thousand degrees c. but still its essence fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as inside the talk of. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering challenge the heat is subjected to the sequence of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter on the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough. to grade the structural integrity of the wall this testing shaper contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure it's capable of dissipating all these heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can tombstone with a melting point to three and a half hours in degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. most upon sickles are held in the plaza only

a few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the particles drops significantly which means that the fates attention the wall is subjected to these also lowered the water cooling the water juicing steam. which drives a turbine to produce electricity. this is a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example high energy laser mirrors rocket nozzles. vehicle fairing and thermal protection high energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area. a lot of the money has to be adopted to special for.

this laser welding machine is used to create seamless joints and. traditional welding techniques there are no impurities in the weld of molten metal morning after the break. but. over. the job the price is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution and. that's because a free and open process is critical to our democracy which albus. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and across several we've been hijacked like handful of transnational corporations that will profit by destroying what our founding fathers once told us

my job market and on this show we reveal the big picture of what's actually going on in the world we go beyond identifying the problem trying to fix rational debate and a real discussion of critical issues facing america is by the book ready to join the movement and walk a little bit of. the olympic torch is on its epic journey to structure. one hundred twenty three days. through two thousand nine hundred top two cities of russia. relayed by fourteen thousand people or sixty five thousand kilometers. in a record setting trip by land air and sea and others face. a limp the torch relay. on r t r g dot com.

right on the sea. first st louis and i think pictures. on our reporters twitter and. on instagram. on mom. a lot of the work for eats as we count out here in st petersburg and what better place to come than the e.o. for institute which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home

to the country's newest talk of the global. church of himself which is a senior research at the ofer institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab as well as developing many diagnostic systems for he said the institute has also built a talk of its own it uses a device to study plasma behavior as opposed to some old silly heating systems place not like any talk we've seen before. the global sam is a spherical talk it's also the newest in russia and was built entirely in st petersburg is more compact mencia dish will talk much so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the past mean currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzler much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we can this type of talk about making it harder to reach required plasma density is certainly not without its uses.

as far as the energy industry is concerned research is a currently designing a hybrid reactor that's a token mark or a spherical talkalakh in our case is used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those false neutrons they used to radiate spent. unspent nuclear fuel. used in fission reactors. isn't just providing a lot of technology for a lot of the money a function is being tried out here as well one of the country's speciality is the superconductors so that's why it's joined forces with five other countries to produce coils but he says. my next systems bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my next a cable for each for the length of over eight hundred meters you want school but. we are very pleased that superconductors which they will characteristics. does them

good at a. stable from sample the sample. is stable. and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting why is a producer that you pissed mechanical fire chief and then sent seven hundred fifty miles hits of podolski where they are cleaned and could steam chrome the why is it then want to put your strong's which in turn around five times to produce a cable first sentences that. is then about in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half ton school for transportation. most of the money is will be assembled into the test giant money to simply facilitate a puff or more which will be money for actually in russia all in all eighteen superconducting to oil field and six political field calls essential solenoids on

the sets of correction calls that can find the shape and control the plasma the side the box and vessel. is an ancient russian city not only known for its picturesque beauty and rich history but its reputation for science the research and manufacturing is known far outside russia's borders. end of august this year. production facility. is responsible for producing nine out of the twenty four. were invented in russia in one thousand nine hundred sixty four called a nice north. physics. no used in the vast majority of the world. next to impossible. he says twenty four gyra trying to locate it in a separate building one hundred fifty meters away from the reactor the electromagnetic waves the producer the sense while being waved right into the

reactor helping keep the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we see as a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing. the year two thousand and twenty there are a regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell. under other contracts in the same period. gyro is locked into circle is taken from electron so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional electrons. beams of elections are accelerated towards a cavity where a strong when they see the field is applying interaction between the rotating motion of the electron and the field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line like an optical beam the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the customer causing it to talk a bit like a microwave heats water. also has a stabilizing effect on the. length of the reaction and therefore the energy

produced all these benefits demand pretty high at the moment. from germany china and japan but in the meantime it looks like we have another satisfied customer. for. the project. therefore. i hope i have the confidence. it's correct amount to the project and. there is a leading member of the project therefore results for sure. since the success over the first before returning to france jima visited the applied physics where the artificial diamond windows for the produced highly conductive resulting very little power loss and they don't. but i bet they don't come cheap

the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros or so may say that the countries of simply blown the money away so those see the benefits of the project for the next couple of decades the money now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world. example of international cooperation at its best and the peaceful use of nuclear power for the advancement of mankind and protection of the environment most of the money invested in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which have already. known business is a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future but until then enjoy the right.

one hundred days remaining. days of flight. which. most of the missions that. prevention are in many ways targeting the civilians that have nothing to do. with the actual attacks against israeli targets. imports came from. the european union is ironically taking fish from some of the poorest nations on earth so this is a very serious and very urgent problem that needs immediate international action.

territorial waters they fish they load the fish into the ships and leave. the. illegal fishing just taking the bread out of our mouths. his lover and. that had been my dream for so long. but he couldn't hold on to there is such a thing as teacher and now she runs her own factory. there's no alcohol or smoking and even coffee is forbidden they worship. will he ever be able to win. man vs woman.

more news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images the world has been seeing from the streets of canada. giant corporations rule the day. please speak your language. programs and documentaries in arabic it's when you hear. reporting from the world talks about six of the r.p. interviews intriguing story to tell you. in trying. to find out more visit our big. dog called.

i remember flying our window and suddenly i was in the street and in terror in volgograd our team made survivors of monday's horrific suicide attack on a crowded bus in southern russia. caught out again america has ten years top level phone tapping. so it's sure an overall sense that this came as a surprise for everybody conflicting reports in europe about how much president obama really knew about the n.s.a. listening in on german chancellor cell phone got the developments. and drone deaths in war crimes amnesty international says the u.s. must answer for the many civilian deaths and.