about this afternoon nothing else this is more or. this one is all that's visualize the forty one flashes in the thermonuclear explosions in the middle of the sky above more money for magnificent said some of your predecessors minister. zealots visualize again the one hundred thirty one underground explosions and underwater blasts one hundred twenty three of which were and more or less atolls minister my dear colleagues if i offered you this stone would you feel safe placing it under the pillow of your loved ones every night or wouldn't you at least like to have a choice know that there are none of the parents and none of their children had this choice. after the first nuclear tests in nine hundred sixty in the midst of the

algerian uprising france needed to find new frontiers as empty and as barren to steal jewry and desert. three years later france to sighted to continue its atomic saga in polynesia. for the principles and conditions the circumstances that have led us here have determined that we need to equip ourselves with. tomic force. and then we stand by the decision which we have come to school streets of build and if required to use our own atomic force. that same year a member of the territorial council on his way to paris was summoned to the lose a palace to testify and him general the goal spoke very little of polynesia and he

didn't tell me about the two atolls. enough he underlined the need to get to work it was urgent we had to act quickly. recently for him the experiments had to take place and go well. for this they needed vast open spaces remote and sparsely inhabited french polynesia was just that a large area bigger than europe to need didn't know was that two years earlier in one nine hundred sixty one topographic surveys had already been carried out. at one point you might have seen that i was embarrassed that i was questioning myself and i didn't even have time to talk see he told me that if it didn't go well you know there could have been a fair because he would declare that french polynesia would become a military territory there. just so be

good i knew that fred the state would take it by force i knew what end it would come to it was too important for friends and for dick all to go on february the six nine hundred sixty four the territorial assembly of polynesia buckled under pressure and approved the general's decision as a result to little known atolls and from the tougher were taken over by the state and became defacto military zones and there were no grounds upon which to claim ownership of those assholes your car owners were still there so there's a lot at least have some courtesy that's a polite thing to do is ask their own is if you can move in if not ok have a discussion around a table but here nothing they moved in by force before said it with no regard for us whatsoever. the reason given by the government was the launch of the crucial pacific experimentation center project. this year because c.p. started being built things got moving and tempers were caught on me. we were

heading towards profit. when proffit it appropriate. to goal wanted a credible nuclear deterrent it was a priority and nobody questions the costs involved a few months later. a true show of france's military power. everyone was overjoyed to get within a few years the traditional culture would have completely disappeared but. soon hundreds of workers were hired and rushed in from all over polynesia. a camp was built to helles up to four thousand people four hundred fifty kilometers to the north the i told of how they came to

a logistical hub of the experimentation center. forty five years later the daily hustle and bustle is nothing but a distant memory only rundown remains like this problem to bear witness to its former glory. the buzzing operation that once employed two thousand five hundred people has become nothing more than a ghost town. one hundred ninety three blasts took place over the thirty years of the police in nuclear project throughout this time the official position has always remained the same everything is under control and the tests are safe. we were always very poorly informed about these things we recognised what happened

here in. nagasaki and we knew what had happened during different american english experiments but we didn't realize what it represented and what it would represent for us it is true that at the time scientists really had no way of knowing for sure and were guided by little more than intuition especially when it came to such an important factor as wind direction which determined whether they would proceed with the test. in the nine hundred sixty s. we didn't have numerical models of weather predictions so we used radio signals at about fifteen sites hear the radio signals detected a balloon and by the location of the balloon and we could see the wind altitudes and then we mapped out these fifteen points and once we knew the different altitude levels of the wind the weather forecasters could use the maps to figure out the distribution of different winds in the area that.

understand the spread of particles that were possibly contaminated with the c p had developed a forecasting model but these models were relatively simple more than they predicted a certain subjects so we had a lot of faith in this trajectory that we now know that the atmosphere was far more chaotic than the margin for error was much bigger than we believed so we must take into account these uncertainties that can after a few hours in fact reach several hundred kilometers. based on evidence from the first experiment on july the second one nine hundred sixty six the mushroom cloud didn't follow the predicted trajectory at all it quickly reached the gumby archipelago and a few hours later the learned of man along with it six hundred inhabitants today we would call this collateral damage it would be forty years before we found out the truth buried in a document classified as top secret at the time. mangere riva reads

a level ten bill. hour and half an hour and asked for information face to face from the local authorities. it might be necessary to reduce the real figures so as not to lose the trust of the people who realized that something had been hidden from them after the first blast. to general de gaulle know the truth was it hidden from him as well whatever the case this is what he had to say a few weeks later in t.t. . as you know all of the arrangements that have been made. disadvantage whatsoever to the dear people pull in easy. it wasn't until the publication of an official document in two thousand and six that the full extent of the nuclear fallout in french polynesia was revealed. the ministry of defense recorded more than one hundred eighty incidents of nuclear

fallout during atmospheric testing from nine hundred sixty six to nine hundred seventy four however this was absolutely useless how do they come to this figure what data was a based on what scientific criteria we used to reports from a nine hundred seventy four blast in tahiti located in one thousand two hundred kilometers from showed that only a part of the island was affected. however thirty eight years later in feb twenty eighth the entire island is considered to have been affected by the radioactive cloud that didn't follow the predicted trajectory. no less serious attitude has been to take us for idiots and then make those that are an idiot seem like idiots we were told long ago that the french nuclear trails were clean said they'd never had any problems. the russians were funny the americans were funny the great ish were they kept saying

these things they thought that we were a bit dead waited. i don't know if it is it but we've studied we know how to read fall and we inform ourselves of what happens around the world to schools which is just the talk of a colonial power and still hasn't decided whether to discredit us or to just be totally complacent towards. time magazine's person of the year francis the catholic pontiff according to the managing editor the pope change the tone and perception of the roman catholic church this may be so but francis also be showing himself to be critical of the global economic order and capitalism is there hope for the church francis really a p.r. product. to be always one of the people that want to go a place where the rules haven't been written yet and open frontier. a place where

they have a chance to make their own world instead of just living in one that has already been made for them and that's a fundamental kind of freedom and that's what having an open frontier means. torch is on its epic journey to such. one hundred twenty three days. through two thousand and nine hundred top two cities of russia. relayed by fourteen thousand people or sixty five thousand killings. in a record setting trip by land air sea and others face. alleged victim. m r t r g dot com. in an attempt to make amends the government took steps to raise all traces of the nuclear testing on the island of monterey bay where

a nuclear shelter which in reality was nothing more than a would be when i was covered in metal was demolished a few years ago nevertheless. it's twenty three cases of contamination have been recognized officially. headed for how. the island of the harbor it's the third largest at all in polynesia which was chosen as the advanced support base from the road four hundred fifty kilometers away. the base was dismantled in two thousand and since then the inhabitants have resumed a quiet and peaceful life. but the army returned in two thousand and nine for a large scale cleanup operation that will take seven years and sixteen million euros to complete. it's not going to be an easy task to restore the nature to its pristine condition. in an attempt to distance itself from its reputation the army is trying to be open about the ambitious operation. i don't i don't i thought we're

entering into an area where things have been buried underground you know we can see that the first phase of research has been carried out on meaning the company has already dug up soil to take test samples. a piece so effectively by doing this first stage of research we can see the scraps of metal poking out of. france must turn this page in its history we finished the nuclear tests we want to turn the page we want everything to be clean and tidy said that we can get back and move on to the park that's all it comes down to if we carried out trials we learned a lot from it not just about the nuclear bomb but also concerning the world of health up until that time we use methods of a bygone era there's no shame in saying that at the time we worked in a certain way today the constraints are a lot more sensitive so we're required to pay attention to the environment we're

adapting and it's only out of this necessity to adapt that we're doing this work properly. and how you've got to remember that there was nuclear activity. it was the advanced support base for more at the time of the aerial trials so radioactive materials were handled there that you know there were vulture planes stationed there it circulated the radioactive clouds to gather samples and everything was analyzed in how the boats that were contaminated in mara and frank were brought to how decontamination there was a ca lab which analyzed all radioactive substances so it was in a town where a lot of radioactivity was handle it. especially those that were heavily contaminated and were brought here by military jets during the eight years of atmospheric testing the vultures came to this particular area where we had four

stations where they could be decontaminated off it was a simple method wearing full protective clothing cleaner sprayed the aircraft with an emulsion so that all of the radioactive particles that they collected fell to the floor these were then collected and brought back in a settling tank and the rest of the emulsion which was then free from radioactivity was rolled by a worker into the ocean just behind us. of course. all of this was done under tight controls. and there were samples taken regularly to ensure that everything going into the ocean was cooling. but all these procedures sufficient to guarantee that the fish the staple diet of polynesia is safe for the inhabitants of how to consume this task requires an

independent laboratory responsible for monitoring radioactivity in the whole of polynesia both in the land in the food chain. well. this is during the period of atmospheric testing we had these after effects that impacted directly on the entire southern hemisphere because it's then a soon as the test stopped because they quickly descended on the polynesian islands and that's was around more oil particular coral and most of the earth which contains corals didn't retain any of the radioactivity so anything that was dumped on the ground was washed away mostly by rain into the sea today even in how you remember where there were a lot of decontamination labs etc if you look for radioactivity in the earth you will find it was there at a given moment but it's since been washed away so these whereas in areas where the earth contains organic matter radioactivity is retained the.

in one thousand nine hundred ninety nine before the utah was put back in the hands of the territory there were precautionary measures in check. for example in this noticeable area also which allow analyses to be taken from the bottom to see the infiltration that there might be between the two concrete slabs. these core samples were sent back to the mainland and the results were collected. afterwards by compiling the results we were able to see the exact spot where there was radioactive emission. and we would see that this emission was tiny less than you might find a lender now in britain. here we can effectively know everything about the area around the legionnaires fifty four and regimen camp i could be the green zone show that there's no pollution

whereas the red zone show that pollution has been detected in the lead hydrocarbons . different times different customs. it would seem that the army has now developed an environmental conscience. and this pilot project the restoration of one hundred eighty five years is an opportunity to apply new technologies like using bacteria to digest the many chemical residues. like students seem unconcerned their teachers are wary and have countless questions on this if first piece we don't know what happened here. and the lake let's not forget what's been bird in the earth here. from what i've seen

a lot of things have been removed. by that there may be things that we haven't been told about. it's true that when we ask questions like what's been put in the lake in the ocean in the earth many people don't trust them sincerely both is a fair one. is a mystery is all there all see all come with administration is scared as we all are i believe that there is waste in the lake yet in the shade of the it seems there are tankers tracks normally you've got to take all dirt out you know when people hear that fish comes from how they get scared because that fish from how it's going to be made to. see it here is fine no there and it's not poison but on the outside they think that the fish from hell is poisoned. and many people have the

idea that things are being hidden from us so as soon as you mention the word nuclear there is an immediate suspicion of lies i thing. that today we're moving away from this way of thinking and people are able to understand us before needed to be explained a little more and the people who were capable of getting their heads around it in the days of nuclear trials the word environment didn't exist for season lagoons were simply considered to be the most practical garbage dumps concrete scrap metal holes of airplanes or trucks were all just thrown in without so much as a second thought to all the waste that was dumped in the lake was not radioactive waste that was maybe polluting like batteries or hydrocarbons which were still in vehicles per se it's more was immediately put in the lake so in two thousand and eight in fact there had already been a first sighting of such waste so every habitation project was immediately organized by the country and the community to get rid of all this waste and on the day just debris on the batteries would obviously be taken out without any doubt

then material like bits of concrete and it would be done in open view of the country's watch to see that everything was taken out properly and it's got to be seen that life is resumed on top of the waste that the coral is regrown it mustn't badly affect the ecosystem or the environment especially if it's inert and there's no risk involved in getting it out. shoring speech from a person tasked with p.r. . the cauchy pass which is what we call the hotel area an area in deep immersion. there are hundreds of tons of radioactive waste which were put there in the form of drums that went all the way down to the bottom. this is a designated area and another area there were some scrap metal which could be regularly seen slightly emerged in the ocean. these are two identified zones.

elsewhere regularly see strong swirls where bits of metal in. and washed up on shore like i have all this will be got rid of and we'll find areas where we can put it the radioactive waste in the hotels will stay there they will be touched as it's not part of the rehabilitation project for them. and so they were buried in pits one thousand five hundred to two thousand meters deep. in total five hundred seventy tons of contaminated waste including the famous airplanes thrown into the great blue sea. of more concern for the government was a report published in january twenty seventh that at the very least signals trouble ahead of. the atomic energy commission document included a computer simulation of the possible collapse of part of morrow at olds crown.

hardly surprising considering that one hundred thirty seven blasts took place there . the principle of underground testing is simple the nuclear charges placed in a well dug in between six hundred and one thousand meters deep after the explosion the rock becomes fused which is supposed to keep the radioactivity contained. the power of the explosion caused a mini earthquake which is clearly visible from the footage taken by controlled cameras. taking into account the twenty eight tests it is the north east i'm certain of the at all that is in the greatest danger. if the mess estimated to be about six hundred seventy million cubic meters in size were to collapse it would cause a fifteen to twenty meter high wave followed by a tsunami. there

is around one hundred. which is a way of traveling up six hundred kilometers per hour the wave would reach the toll in just ten minutes. to read so close to motorola so far from the haiti twelve hundred kilometers away. i was thinking somehow i had to come back because mom was waiting for me. i just knew that everything would be fine for some reason we were so confident because we were going to get married officially after he came back how could he not come back because the mere thought of it never crossed her mind.

when the militants decided to try and break through and i heard you get screaming grenade. the explosion blew him all run his back toward. and it was all over all. we know that our comrades on our commander leave us no matter how tough it gets we're team. getting was a senior in his military trio. he knew that if he didn't smother that grenade with his body more of just comrades would die he gave his own life to save his friends. i play a street cleaner. love with a waitress i go on stage managing that there's an audience i used to take drugs and

drink like a fish called the police told me about the circus but i was such a punk i was like what circus. ruler circus of clinton's. and would break down stereotypes about kids from disadvantaged backgrounds. what defines a country's success. faceless figures of economic growth. for a factual standard of living.

so you don't know if you're confident that the irish people won't be asked again to stab in the down why the why the private bands. the end of any cause to start after hopkins whether to be funny now economically and what always happens is a. central banker is politicians they say this will never ever happen again and they keep song company but we hope to ensure that if this does company. doesn't cause such a classic please make an old school costs for tots a. little uprightness to. search tree limbs and i think picture.

on a reporter's twitter. and instagram little led. me on the lips on the odd. little. little. slip on your cultural phenomena like a community college face i think you're right if you don't. lead. a pleasure to have you with us here on our team today i'm sure.

it was a. very. long. that . we make sure no. one of.

the e.u. hints ukraine should hold snuff elections in a reaction to ongoing protests or national look at how the standoff is taking a toll on the country's economy. u.s. drone attacks. yemen that's killed at least fifteen people supposedly all of them civilians officials say the party was mistaken for an al qaeda procession. and the honeymoon is over as high court overturns the country's law allowing same sex marriages. in less than a week. we've been married and we've been. reinstated on same sex relationships now introducing.