tonight we are our country awakened to danger. and called to defend freedom whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies justice will be done. less than three weeks later u.s. forces invaded afghanistan in retaliation to the september eleventh terrorist attacks on the united states. in a radical new policy the bush administration declared afghan prisoners enemy combatants

no longer protected by the geneva convention. before nine eleven prisoners of war were interrogated according to the army field manual that followed the geneva convention. the new interrogation methods involve torture. we have no alternative but to meet the enemy worried well we must and we will. use every means at our disposal to ensure the freedom and security of the american people. the experience of american p.o.w.'s in korea led the united states to develop a program to train soldiers how to survive torture if captured. the program was called seer. it's contract by the cia were among the first to introduce abusive interrogation

techniques doctors james mitchell and bruce jessen were experts in serious survival training they adapted the torture regimen for us. dr bruce justin was the chief of psychology the air force's survival school the psychologists were there so that if someone actually was having a difficulty some kind of psychological breakdown that then we could stop doing time out and actually bring in the psychologist so they could talk people through who we were. just to interrogation training it was for the benefit of our own forces. seeing that these people actually were the architects by the torture program just it made me physically ill. and locked up to do donna edwards organized by psychologists mitchell and jessen for cia interrogators came to be called enhanced interrogation techniques. these

techniques were soon adopted by army interrogators at guantanamo the day help of a psychiatrist and a psychologist from there they were exported to afghanistan and iraqi detention sites the program became so widespread it was only a matter of time before the world knew that the united states was torturing detainees there's torture became more and more controversial and the lawyers were more and more under pressure to find a justification for these methods they turned to the doctors for an opinion on whether they imposed severe pain mental pain or physical pain or suffering which is the legal definition of torture. in two thousand and nine the special review of the enhanced interrogation program by the cia office of inspector general was declassified over the fears objections of the intelligence agency

special guidelines from the cia office of medical services were also declassified the critical role of doctors in the enhanced interrogation program can be traced through these documents and the memos of the office of legal counsel the cia doctors and the legal counsel lawyers described the enhanced techniques in such detail that their instructions could be the script for a training video for doctors assigned to detainee interrogations. in the government memos enhanced interrogation techniques fall roughly into three groups. methods that involve physical assault. those that can induce dangerous levels of physical stress. and those that can cycle logically debilitate the prisoner.

methods are combined to increase the pressure it's also increases the severity of the abuse. as for most people who've been subjected to that they will have. psychotic thinking very disorganized and i think very unreliable terms of what they say. really is kind of very harsh and very cruel to try and keep people awake the doctor is responsible for keeping the detainee a lot of the checks that the blood pressure and heart rate are not dangerously high and measures the blood oxygen level with this pulse oximetry. after prolonged

exposure to cold water he may check the body temperature in case of hypothermia. when there are more than fifteen applications of the water born in a twenty four hour period yes to do careful medical assessments so after the leader replications in the rare cases when a prisoner is difficult to resuscitate the doctor has to perform an emergency tracheotomy. physicians for human rights believes that the safety officer fallacy. takes physicians from being healers to being calibrators of harm they serve as a sort of gasoline on the far because interrogators good they can go harder because there's a health professional there that they can push the detainees closer to the edge because there's a safety net there in the form the health professional to catch them the cia office

of medical services instructs the doctor to keep thorough systematic records. in order to best inform future medical judgments and recommendations it is important that every application of the waterboard be thoroughly documented how long each application and the entire procedure lasted how much water was unused realizing that much splashes are. if the nasal or oral pharynx was filled what sort of volume was expelled and have a subject looked between each treatment so to warp a person to warp a professional a doctor for example and to doing this kind of thing really is quite a trick. the sad part about it is so easy with these groups and all the kinds of things that you can if you lay people it's going against their better instincts and they turn to the doctors they basically said we determine that

severe pain means it's very intense and a lot of long duration and sometimes violent. because this method meet that threshold and not one according to either the legal documents or the medical memos not once did the doctors ever say no you can't do this the cia had special equipment built for the enhanced techniques the waterboarding is built so that the gators could swing the detainee upright in an emergency. cramped confinement boxes came in small and large sizes. we've had a lot of debate about torture in this country and whether it's ever justified i think it's never justified in part because as we've seen that once you start down the road of torture it never stops and it gets worse and worse and worse

today. doctors are essential to torturing regimes. half of all torture survivors report seeing a doc supervising their torture. the doc keeps alive the ones who are supposed to be kept alive the doc devises methods of torture such a shock such as cold such as isolation or psychological stress. that does not leave wounds that can be interpreted as evidence and the doc uses the bureaucracy of the modern state to conceal the medical records to falsify medical records and to falsify death certificates

clear that the abuse have been quite extensive involve very large numbers of prisoners and also involved really extraordinary levels of gratuitous violence i decided given the gravity of the issues to be extremely conservative in my approach. i wouldn't use witness accounts i wouldn't use lawyers statements i wouldn't use press accounts i would only use first source government documents. but as it happened the a.c.l.u. was conducting a gigantic set of several lawsuits under the freedom of information act to obtain government records. they put these documents up on a website. i read somewhere in the neighborhood of six hundred eighty thousand

pages. once you start getting that many documents it's possible to cross like. the story of the iceman for example. choose your language. clearly make it with zero if they still cannot. choose to use the concerns to. choose the opinions that you think are great to. choose the stories get in your life choose the access to your office. united states is a very good example here because in the early years they had a pretty strong genuine democracy a bad by now i would argue has degenerated into

a system where money and power that much. of the majority of the founding fathers of the united states would constantly say that they were not trying to instill a democracy that was horrible they wanted tops. and they purposely designed to be institutions to as they put it exclude the majority of from participation. in the future. so we hit the road to focus on new technology. on this show new policies complete with old school. and we did mixed in still still believe she's essentially potential to save lives. and. we've. covered.

that story resides in about fifteen different documents and until you put them all together you can't show you the extraordinary narrative because this guy was picked up at his home by navy seals there was a huge fight at his home they took him to a navy seal's base. he was naked it was november he said i feel like i'm going to die and inter gator said to him you're going to wish you

were dead the medic watched as they worked him over and something called the romper room. then they took him to abu ghraib he said i can't breathe to the entry people but was not given a physical exam. the seals turned him over to the cia the cia took him into a shower room and they had the guards tires hands behind his back and they hoisted to mop. when you hang somebody backwards by their wrists to prevents the lungs from expanding and when you add to that broken ribs and a sandbag over his head it makes breathing even more difficult the final cause of death was a strict ca. then they called the guards back in and the guards at the cia guy told the guards look. he's faking it he won't talk and he keeps slumping down the guards tried to lift him up he was dead weight in fact he

was dead. the cia freaked out the sky being dead they called intelligence commander epis who came in and said i'm not going down for this what do you do for this guy so they sent one of their lieutenants off to grab some ice and packed them in the body bag. and then the guards had their photo shoot. the next thing that happened was in the morning they had to get him out of the shower room and they had to take them through the prison cell blocks. so they called in a medic who put an i.v. in his arm and they wheeled him out saying he was sick. the narrative of where his

autopsy was done who did it and why the death certificate was suppressed is still classified. although the united states was obligated to return his body to the family he was buried in an unmarked grave his family learned what happened to him through the abu ghraib photos. the world knows mr al jamaat e as the body defiled by abu ghraib guards the press focused on who tortured him and whether officers would be prosecuted for his murder one fact is rarely noted mr alger maddie's fate was sealed by two medics a doctor and the medical command responsible for his health care according to the third geneva convention ratified by the united states. the number of doctors involved in detainee abuse is unknown but in declassified government

documents the case is just one among many involving medical complicity and cover up of torture the pathologist working for the armed forces institute of pathology collectively systematically and uniformly suppressed death reports in. u.s. prisons and afghanistan and iraq today extent that they ever became aware of them in those cia rendition prisons as well. they have been teaching he's here since last july nobody knows what cave they're in well you want nobody can reach the detainees the detainees under the control of the american super. secret prisons populations profoundly and in fact when you look in iraq and what happened after the great experience including the death of

jamal he came out what happened was that support for our presence in iraq dropped from around seventy percent to around twenty percent we lost the moral authority that we had in iraq we lost the iraqi people and a way that radically transformed the rock the iraqi military and political landscape. and then of course the ultimate folly of all this was that according to military intelligence eighty five percent of the persian are. entirely innocent of any insurgency activity whatsoever. one.

under pressure to obtain useful intelligence the department of defense established behavioral science consultation teams made up of both psychiatry and psychologists to advise interrogators on strategy after observing interrogations on t.v. monitors like this. it is. all. right you know what i know of it is really well. you know not often but i believe you're getting there. you're a lawyer. the behavioral science consultation teams or biscuits helped interrogators exploit the physical and emotional vulnerabilities of the detainees these doctors were pulled out of clinical services and thrust into the role of consultants without any experience

with interrogation. which. according to going time a standard operating procedures on arrival each detainee was isolated for four weeks and allowed contact only with interrogators and the behavioral science consultants in violation of the laws set down by the geneva convention. for. human beings are social worker creatures that thrive on communication with others connection with others so when you deprive someone of that you automatically start . raising risk factors for the kinds of reactions for reactions such as depression

anxiety panic attacks suicidality in sort of more extreme cases and psychosis even in worse extreme cases. investigative journalists were among the first to expose some of the techniques recommended by the behavioral science consultants. there was one one plan in particular that detainees lawyer described to me in which the detainee was told that a psychiatrist had monitored the amount of toilet paper he was but he was only allowed seven squares a day and that was actually an improvement over earlier when the psychiatry is according to these sources had taken away all of his toilet paper each detainee's had kind of us psychological assessment and a plan kind of created for interrogating him depending on his weaknesses involvement bella base. that's a doctor who's been evaluating and caring for torture victims from all over the world for over fifteen years the individuals that i examined who detained at

guantanamo are the most traumatized. score of both physically and psychologically most of the individuals who were detained at abu ghraib are going to we're not terrorists they were individuals who were picked up in sweeps who were in the wrong place at the wrong time god arrested put through this hell like no other that i could describe and then were released but really shells they were. mohammed jawad was one of these detainee in two thousand and two he was arrested in a crowded marketplace in kabul after a grenade exploded injuring three u.s. servicemen. did not have a birth certificate and his age at the time is uncertain but he was estimated to be between fourteen and sixteen. after a short detention in afghanistan he was moved to guantanamo bay went on the base

were supposed to be you know through keep them the worst of the worst you know the best really bad people and you have a child who's being accused of a strong narrative you are sort of the cold war criminal just it just didn't make sense. during an interrogation of mohammed jawad the interrogator became alarmed when the youth began talking to a wall he asked a psychologist assigned to detainee interrogations to observe jawad and check his mental state per spawn's was reported by another officer in a sworn deposition. he appears to be rather frightened and it looks as if he could break easily if he were isolated from his support network and major allies soley on the interrogator make him as uncomfortable as possible. work in his heart is possible.

the psychologist concluded that you would was faking homesickness and depression and recommended more severe isolation to induce his cooperation. after a period in this extreme isolation. attempted to kill himself by banging his head off the metal structures in his cell. he survived and was kept relatively isolated for five more years when dr katherine porterfield examined him at the request of jawad defense team. over the course of my violation with mr jawad he it was clear he was suffering with major depression he had intense sadness and despair. difficulty sleeping he had severe sleep problems appetite had been basically. profoundly impaired you know he barely

ate very much and he had almost he said no taste for food anymore he was a very very depressed young man when i went into jawad i wanted to take the initiative and you know get to the point as quickly as possible and he basically stopped me and i was with an interpreter who doesn't speak english. and he said you know i don't want to you know talk about who you are why are doing what you're doing or anything all i want to do is find out when i can go see my mom all the sudden the curtain got pulled back and you know there was this boy sitting in a chair asking for his mom really changed the way that i approach that case when i would ask a recount. anything about his time on top of mt he would become very distressed put his head in his hands and just say i can't it's too hard i wrote a declaration stating that i felt that the conditions he was in were not appropriate or harming him and his lawyers basically then argued to the authorities

that he should be moved out of a situation of isolation and that response did not come for many months he was never viewed as an innocent person you know within the system it was always he's guilty so how do we get to the conviction as fast as possible jawad the lawyer eric montoya went to extraordinary lengths for his client to get missing records in depositions he traveled to. an armory without the protection of u.s. forces he returned with messages of support from jawad family and powerful evidence that mohammed too wide was innocent. and i think that it was such a mess for chase and it was so i'm going manic of all things wrong with kuantan that they just got him out of there and try to make it go away.

tanya the lady well tell me how you are my little grandson. i know you i don't like. being cut off. except it isn't. that the spiritual side is destructive. i tried to convince her to try to preach that it was a sect but it's dangerous that she had to leave it was a story she had lost her mind or. you know you she will come back i know it was and i will wait even if it means i must wait until my dying day.

on june sixteenth one thousand forty one we had a graduation party at school and the war broke out. the shops were always full of goods. in september leningrad was blocked. one day mom went and saw that all the shelves were empty. in november the bomb warehouses it was the main storage place for all the food in the city people eating the earth because it had small traces of sugar in it i tried to eat it as well but i couldn't. look at that was incredibly heavy bombing. it was a direct hit on that very shelter and everyone was buried underneath. all of them

with dead. people. pleasure to have you with us. god. it's. not.

that. they had of the e.u. parliament says ukraine's president should call snap elections wanky of an hours long truce between protesters and security forces takes away. u.s. preparing the ground for syria's rival delegations to meet face to face on friday after day one of the long awaited peace talks was marred by bitter exchanges. how was the blower's worries and words snowden is reportedly planning to ask to russia for personal protection after getting death threats.