and their inhabitants know the rules have disappeared and the borders are more open than ever the enemy generally doesn't come from the outside he's already here living among us. says he is a fragile fabric of space. and we protect ourselves against the invisible comprehensible against feelings of vulnerability you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring the vehicles coming up and down the street down the end there are a further two hang of the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two on the corner of that building these are hanging globes this building is one of my favorites it's completely incrusted and c.c.t.v. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is for. one that monitoring the door is the service entrance and you've got a globe which monitors the street and then there is a fixed camera there which just seems to be looking straight at the ground and

there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out looking at this traffic interchange which is already being covered by that and then another globe which can obviously swing round the whole area on the other side there are as many cameras again all in all just from this one spot it's being watched by sixteen c.c.t.v. cameras. and photographers henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called project ring of steel entering the car because we were really fascinated in this i did that when you were in the city of london every movement is traced by cameras. in exhibitions and on the internet and really into williams and. showed a tight network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible. there will

come a flow as to in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of a street surrounded by on blogs. a tank beriah disguised as a poem. together with the already present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough the old books followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel is a modern fortress a matrix for other cities the projects about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood how to read the skate i think that's why i find both in just about the ring of steel it's because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like the right move all that way you can find

it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also to a guided tour how to find it and how to be able to analyze what you were looking at and to understand how the system was operating. ninety ninety three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates of the city of london the oil rig brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the womb of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of the city's wellner ability and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the says he sends a through limiting access routes building checkpoints and installing countless surveillance cameras. here we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the

so-called ring of steel over here. which was established in the nine hundred ninety s. following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army the finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have automated system fall registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. the system developed over eighteen is and is now largely computer operated checkpoint

controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system. a potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything and can seal off the financial district at a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track of their daily lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some coercive big brother thora tarion state such as the. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all

necessarily become centralized so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like then wong orwellian big brother society. more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effect if electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel. in taxis buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the urban millennial more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion inhabitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing. with the promise

of jobs and prosperity. cities leave people from the surrounding areas the cities become mega-cities then evolve into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety and emerging urban landscapes. martin roux it works in berlin but at any given moment he's online in the transport control system and has a. capital of the under way province with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquillity more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have

a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and environmental problems as well as social unrest. when she has been hard months as i am and if lot of tuxes or skill together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on the front seat when we're finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. always these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour for example was the easy stuff a kid in the mason show and a bus routes was in fifteen go through a dished out person and pushed him in. so taxis are always in motion the system is

dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. bulletins. and a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem all this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat to tell you this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic on.

the plane. the olympic spirit travels with the flame from its birthplace in greece. join james brown for an elemental and epic journey around russia and beyond. where i think. in two thousand and seven one of the first things released by wiki leaks was a secret video recording that actually looked like

a video showing two american i actually clicked talk to opening fire on a dozen people in iraq and this is what it means to live in a society of images of violence become normal this is what the sense of isolation and lack of empathy look like. when we try and experienced this. disassociate our own embodied actions from table we are. also i would say from certain kinds of moral and i absolutely am frightened of the potential of games desensitize people we know they can because the military uses games just says. war is not simply put it is killing and killing. exacts a penalty of the killer. people for whom it is defined by the popular media.

and. put it on your. face.

pleasure to have you with us here on our t.v. today i'm sure. with the hope of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed online by the traffic control center. the victory i think management total surveillance. on taxi drivers becoming security agents who controls all of the data. and who has access to it.

in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life but will we lose our open freedom as our movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain the delicate balance between our design of a freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right back to the days of classical civilisation through many evil societies to the

contemporary period. the crucial thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and the cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center and the seas are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks on my security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate as a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. is security and public space still co-exist.

but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at the cost of about walden billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape feature an aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architecture has a whole lot of very intense security devices and systems many of which are confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle

like structure. all we witnessing are a nascence of medieval architecture with electronics city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to deal function protection from the outside and for rulers protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits and the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry. at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh as sound kind of developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but

they clearly for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for and surveillance. the swiss capital has always been a fortified city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers. ben heard eddie and his partner pascal vessel have been developing architectural concepts for many is in two thousand and seven they were commissioned to

reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. to finish it's over and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today not only in switzerland but also in other countries because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of say here and then start to tilt and. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of. the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or

simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and be confident will someone pop out from behind a car he's thinking i think this is very very important. in this day and age and with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for stairs no one wants this to happen but if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling it's just as anxious as if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once he says. everything is at his relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. beneath the square lie enormous the vaults housing the gold reserves

of the swiss national bank. despite having to register a condition the parliament building is in the middle of the city and there's no demarcation on the outside anyone can go right up to the buildings facade this reflex switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept stay at home and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met and technically without necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled and it's put a you're in

a secure area like in an airport but you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what it was dated the last and one should experience it in the positive ways that i. i. i don't. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city and uni built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. see a month our goal was to recreate a heart for bourbon then the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors

who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here. to put some up front find the smiled i thought stammer plotz was actually once the heart of europe ice and he had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from lauren europe and for that matter. potsdamer platz was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house. hotels a great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place he has put the on the path.

nothing ethne september i think that's when he after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere and. i put him on no white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here often. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public urban space is also a safety issue they fear hide it and security is

a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security at a subjective sense so that we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present which they are. all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security and without requiring a lot of electronics or not of months he knew in twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many as skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi ajor in east german times in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are

watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. often we don't realize just how vulnerable crowded places on until an accident or attack disturbs the peace. of the one nine hundred forty even though scenario is of likeable today because the united states is insistent on becoming the dominant force on every continent but brian when it when we look at about the calculations in strategy i have to go back to iraq afghanistan libya and in that's all recklessness in my opinion if you know the u.s. policy resembles those what the caricature of those western movies where they put the drunken cowboys come into town and shoot the place up just because they can and . there is

obviously more for the latest because it's pink. women wanted to avoid rape they really need to buy guns environ how to use them i'm. sure this is the one that i want to go with but once again it's the fear from the women a definitely the target of the gun lobby and one you don't kill them when you're killing money but if so many would you would just prefer. i'm noticing more and more and that's really scary marketing tactics which implies that women have some sort of moral obligation to guns to protect their family and young girls shoot out here too so we do have a pink or. more kids young kids choke on food than are killed by firearms if being armed made us safer in america we should be the safest nation on earth were clearly not the safest.

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francaise person all along there's accuse the family phobia and the other major blow to his reputation as thousands march against all supporting same sex marriage . fractured ukraine western governments put together in a plan for the protests by country of all energy giants crave some of its shell gas prospects. and the how to take a piece of something she home with you when you look at the unique souvenirs on offer for the gas for the winter games.