cities are exciting it's incredible cities all of human life. sediment patients of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british empire. along with new york and tom cole still in the center of the global financial industry. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three hundred languages countless ethnicities and colleges london is a prototype of a global networked mega city and a laboratory for security measures a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york and washington were already on the way before those attacks so it's important to to sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes

intensifying that we're already on the way most importantly i would say there's a increasing preoccupation with security as defined by the state as defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of space cities are getting more into the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently however this new context is is leading to another scout sense of renewed emphasis on the city as a sites of violence of conflict. throughout history rules of protected cities and their inhabitants now the rules of disappear under borders are more open than ever. the enemy generally doesn't come from. he's

already here living among us. says he is a fragile fabric of space. how can we protect ourselves against the invisible comprehensible against feelings of vulnerability you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring the vehicles coming up and down the street down the end there are a further two hang up the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two in the corner of that building these are hiding globes this building is one of my favorites it's completely incrusted and c.c.t.v. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is for. one of them monitoring the door it's the service entrance and you've got a globe which monitors the street and then there is a fixed camera there which just seems to be looking straight at the ground and there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out and looking at this traffic interchange which is already being covered by that and

then another globe which can obviously swing around and. on the other side there are almost as many cameras again all in all just from this one spot it's being watched by sixteen c.c.t.v. cameras. refer to george photography henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called our project ring of steel entering the car because we were very fascinated in this i did that when you were in the city of london every movement is traced by cameras . in exhibitions and on the internet and really to williams and. showed a tight network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible on a map there will come of it in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of

a street surrounded by on bolts. a tank beriah disguised as a poem. together with the already present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough the old boats followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel is a molten fortress a matrix for other cities the projects about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood how to read the landscape i think that's what i find most interesting about the ring of steel it's because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like the very mobile that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also through guided tours how to find it and how to

be able to analyze what you were looking at and to understand how the system was operating. ninety nine hundred three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates in the city of london the only brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the wood of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of the city's vulnerability and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. bank's administration and police resolve to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the city send through limiting access routes building checkpoints and installing countless surveillance cameras. here we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here.

which was established in the ninety nine cease following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army the finance call of london the so-called city . it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have automated system fall registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. the system developed over eighteen is and is now largely computer operated checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system. a potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything

and can seal off the financial district at a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track of their daily lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some coercive big brother thora tarion state such as the. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all necessarily become centralized so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like them warm orwellian big brother society.

more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effective electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel. in taxis buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the urban millennium more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion and habitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities live people from the surrounding areas the

cities become mega-cities then evolve into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety and emerging urban landscapes. martin rue it works in bulletin but at any given moment he's on line in the transport control system and has a half a capital of the under way in providence with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquility more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and

environmental problems as well as social unrest. once in his history hop on saddam and if from taxes always go together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on the front seat when we finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. i was these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour and for example with the easy stuff a kit in the list and showing the bus routes once in fifteen go through a dish dot hirshman and push them in. the taxis are always in motion the system is dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately

recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. bulletins. and a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem. this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat to tell you this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic on.

the plains. the olympic spirit travels with the flame from its birthplace in greece. joined james brown for an elemental and epic journey around russia and beyond. where i think. in two thousand in time one of the first things released by wiki leaks was a secret video recording that actually looked like a video showing two american i actually collect talk to as opening fire on a dozen people in iraq and this is what it means to live in

a society of images of violence become normal this is what the sense of isolation and lack of empathy look like. when we try an experience some place that only disassociate our own and by any action. today we are. absent from certain kinds of moral and i absolutely am frightened of the potential of games desensitize people we know they can because the military uses games just says. war is not so bloody but it is killing and killing exacts a penalty of the killer. people for whom it is defined by the popular media.

do we speak your language of the will or not of the. news programs and documentaries and spanish what matters to you breaking news a little turn a tip angles stories. so you hear. the spanish find out more visit. with the hope of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed online by the traffic controls and. the big traffic management or total surveillance. the taxi drivers becoming security agents who controls all of the data. and who has access to it.

in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete to personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life but will we lose our open freedom as our movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain that delicate balance between our design have a freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right

back to the days of classical civilization three medieval societies to the contemporary period. efficient thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and their cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center and the seas are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks high security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate is

a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. his security and public space still co-exist. but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at a cost of about walden billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape. and aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architecture has a whole lot of very intense security devices and systems many of which are

confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. are we witnessing or in a sense of medieval architecture with electronic city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to deal function protection from the outside and for rule is protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits and the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry . at the two thousand and nine g twenty summit in pittsburgh as sound kind of

developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but equally for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for in surveillance . the swiss capital has always been a fortified city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of says he will and towers.

ben heard eddie and his partner pascal the hustle have been developing architectural concepts for many is in two thousand and seven there were a commission to reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects at the is interested primarily in public space. so really i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today not only in switzerland but also in other countries take it because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of say here i don't stop to talk to me. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of.

the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and will someone pop out from behind a car he's thinking i think this is very very important. in this day and age and with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for which there is no one wants this to happen but if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling it's just as anxious as if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once they see here.

everything is appears relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. the nice the square lie enormous the vaults housing the gold reserves of the swiss national bank. despite having to register a condition the parliament building is in the middle of the city and there's no demarcation on the outside is anyone can go right up to the buildings facade so this reflects switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concepts and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met and technically without

necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled and it's put a you're in a secure area like in an airport but you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to say the building represents what sort of day the last and one should experience it and that's positive ways that i. i. i don't. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city newly built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. that see you. our goal was to recreate a heart for birth in. the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have

a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here. to put some up front find my thoughts dumber plots was actually once the heart of europe ice and had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from laura new europe and for that matter. it was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house i thought i'd lost. a great music calls cinema and was it was a really lively place i think it's put the on the path.

nothing ethne september at the theater here after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious for example when finding an object somewhere and. i put him on no quite a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here often. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public urban space is also

a safety issue they fear hide it and security is a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security and a subjective sense of it and we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present for them which they are. all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security and the without requiring a lot of electronics or not just months he knew in twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many as skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi during these german times

in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. olsson we don't realize just how vulnerable crowded place is on until an accident or a time that disturbs the peace. and. the. economic ups and downs in the final months day. sang i and the rest because i. will be everything we own.

is obviously more for the latest because it's pink. women wanted to avoid rape they really need to buy guns environ how to use them. this is the one that i want to go away from once again it's the fear factor women are definitely the target of the gun lobby and one you don't want to kill but not one that killing many would have so many would he would just prefer. i'm noticing more and more and that's really scary marketing tactics which implies that women have some sort of moral obligation to protect their family and young girls shoot out here too so we do have a pink or. more kids young kids choke on food than are killed by firearms if being armed made us safer in america we should be the safest nation on earth we're clearly not the safest.

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be. a teacher and a police officer killed in a hostage crisis is a moscow school and why one of its students. go on trial in the u.s. for taking a stand against drug. and israeli cabinet ministers his time u.s. secretary of state john kerry after his warning that the country could face an international boycott if it fails to take real steps to strike a peace deal with the palestinians.