all. cities are exciting it's incredible cities all of human life. sediment haitians of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british empire. along with new york and home cologne still in the center of the global financial industry. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three

hundred languages countless ethnicities and cultures london is a prototype of a global networked mega city and a laboratory for security measures a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york and washington were already on the way before those attacks so it's important to sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes intensifying that we're already on the way most importantly i would say there's a increasing preoccupation with security as defined by the state as defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of space cities are getting more into the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently. context is it's leading to another.

city site. throughout history of protected cities and their inhabitants. have disappeared and . the enemy generally doesn't come from the outside is already here living among us. the city is a fragile fabric of space. protect ourselves against the invisible. comprehensible against feelings and. you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring this coming up and down the street down the end further to hang up the building at the end of the street another one and then another to that

building these globes this building is one of my favorites it's completely. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is for. one that monitoring the door it's the service entrance and you've got a globe which is the street and then there is a fixed camera that was just looking straight at the ground and there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out looking at this traffic interchange which is already being covered by that and then another globe which can obviously swing around and. on the other side as many as again all in all just from this one spot is being watched by sixteen c.c.t.v. cameras. photographers henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called project. because we were really fascinated in this i did that when you're in the

city of london every movement is traced by cameras. in exhibitions and on the internet and real to williams and to george showed a network of security cameras and structures clearly visible on a map there will come of close to real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of a street surrounded by on blogs. a tank beriah disguised as a palm. together with the already present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough. it's followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel is a bold new fortress

a matrix for other cities the projects about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood how to read the landscape i think that's what i find most interesting about the ring of steel is because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like a very mobile that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also through guided tours how to find it and how to be able to analyze what you were looking at and to understand how the system was operating. ninety nine hundred three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates of the city of london the oil rig brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the worst of a series of attacks and

a painful reminder of the city's wellner ability and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the cities and through limiting access routes building checkpoints and installing countless surveillance cameras. here we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here. which was established in the nine hundred ninety s. following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically come fall access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have automated system for registering and checking the number

plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. this system developed over eighteen is and is now largely computer operated checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system of potential attack should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything and can seal off the financial district as a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a truck there everyday lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some. coercive big brother thora tarion state

such as. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all three different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all necessarily become centralized so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like then wong orwellian big brother society. more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effect if electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel in taxis buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their

own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the urban millennial more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion inhabitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing. with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities leave people from the surrounding areas the cities become mega-cities then evolved into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety in emerging urban landscapes. martin roux it works in berlin but at any given moment he's online in the transport control system and has a say capital of the under way province with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems

inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquility more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and environmental problems as well as social unrest. when she has been hard on saddam and if lot of people together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on france when we're finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. always these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds

that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour and for example with the easy stuff a kid in the mason show in dubai shoots once in fifteen go through a dished out person and pushed him in. so taxis are always in motion the system is dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. in a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem all this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate

measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat of the value of this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic. in two thousand in time one of the first things released by wiki leaks was a secret video recording that actually looked like a video showing two american i actually click top just opening fire on a dozen people in iraq and this is going to means to live in a society images of violence become all this is what the sense of isolation and lack of empathy look like. when we try an experience that when we disassociate. and body into action. table we also have a saying from certain kinds and. i absolutely am frightened of the potential games

desensitize people you know they can because the military uses games. of war it is not simply but it is killing and killing exacts a penalty of the killer. people for whom it is defined by the popular media. the flame. the olympic spirit travels with the flame from its birthplace in greece. join james

brown for an elemental and epic journey around russia and beyond. where i. go. with the hope of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed online by the traffic controls and. the big traffic management or total surveillance. on taxi drivers becoming security agents who controls all of the data. and who has access to it.

in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life but will we lose our open freedom as movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain the delicate balance between our desire for freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right

back to the days of classical civilisation through many evil societies to the contemporary period. the crucial thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and the cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center embassies are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks high security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate is

a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. is security and public space still co-exist. but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at a cost of about wall billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape feature an aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architectures a whole load of very intense security devices and systems many of which are

confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. are we witnessing or are in a sense of medieval architecture with electronic city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to deal function protection from the outside and for rulers protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits and the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry . at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh a sound cannon developed for the military was used for the first time against

a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but they clearly for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for in surveillance . the swiss capital has always been a force of fine city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers.

then hundred m.p. and his partner pascal that has all of been developing architectural concepts for many years in two thousand and seven there were commission to reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. and it's over and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today not only in switzerland but also in other countries because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of say here and then start to talk to me. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of.

the n.t. stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and be confident will someone pop out from behind a car. he's going to i think this is very very important in this day and age and with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for which they have no one wants this to happen and then all of that if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling it's just as anxious to see if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once he says. everything is at his relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely

well secured. beneath the square law enormous vaults housing the gold reserves of the swiss national bank. just by looking square just taking dished up the parliament building it is in the middle of the city there's no demarcation on the outside is anyone can go right up to the buildings facade so this reflects switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept stay at home and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met technically without

necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled gets better you're in a secure area like in an airport but you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what sort of day the last and one should experience it in a positive ways. i. i. i don't. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city and uni built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. see here that's our goal was to recreate a hard for bourbon then the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have

a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here. to put snuff out find if my thoughts stem or plots was actually once the heart of europe and clearly had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from lauren your open for that matter. it's was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house. hotels a great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place we think has put the on the path.

nothing methods of tema at the theatre here after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere and that's. about it mano white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off more than anywhere with this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here either. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public open space is also

a safety issue they fear hide it and security is a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security at a subjective sense of it and we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present which they are. all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security without requiring a lot of electronics or not just months he knew in twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many as skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi juror in east

german times in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. also and we don't realize just how vulnerable crowded places on until an accident or attack disturbs the peace. peace be told language. programs and documentaries in arabic it's all here on. reporting from the world talks about seventy yards p. interviews intriguing stories for you to. see in troy. visit our big.

secret lover tour to mccurdy was able to build a new most sophisticated. fortunately doesn't dorna found anything too much mission to teach music creation and why it should care about humans. this is why you should care only on the. welcome to the horrors. of the b.b.c. news subtitles as we enter the chinese new year which of course is called the year of the horse alas i believe the b.b.c. is a lot more about the true state of the british global economies that which is not allowed to be said publicly by the likes of the beloved b. if you think about the elites in government think tank and business have been forcing public assets and their populations to turn tricks using a pip slap of debt until the final. one too many loads of debt and then abandon the nation screaming for more credit all the way of the factory.

the united states. significant technological over the rest and. now using that that's why on the rest of the world there was the deal between the u.s. and england where u.s. spy agencies couldn't spy on people in the u.s. but british a spy agencies could spy on people in the u.s. so the two governments said alright each of us will spy on the other's citizens and then we'll trade and that we will be sure veiling our own people so this is what i think of as the scandal.

america's secretary of state's admits that white house the plum a c. has failed on syria and suggests more weapons are the and so we have reports from the war zone on how the already deadly fighting is a factor in the country's youngest citizens. saw she sets off for sports but what about the gay propaganda boy. we talked to the city's l.g.b. sikh community about what my life is really like and how they've been affected by the anger directed at russia. don't descend on drones activists across the u.s. are put on trial for campaigning against her country's use of and man killing machines are responsible for hundreds of civilian deaths.