in london and the. whole range of different opportunities to get to information they get it from the media they have pushed. people can give them information to get trained of information across borders is actually quite complicated what we do is in egypt intelligence function is to use all range of sort of independent information we have build relationships for example with interpol and that helps us find out where that is drug trafficking going on. cities of the culmination of globalization. no where else in the world a conflict so strongly concentrated as here. cities are of the ebus and

design via bustling with possibilities yet vulnerable. those wanting to hama society ambushed the city and its daily life a. city is a defenseless against this form of terrorism. their inhabitants vulnerable. how do cities respond to this threat. and how does fit change our open lifestyle. play. a little place in. cities or at sites

for instance incredible cities all of human life. sediment patients of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british empire. along with new york and home calm still the center of the global financial industry a. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three hundred languages countless ethnicities and culture has london is a prototype of a global network to. megacity and a laboratory for security measures a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york washington were already under way before those attacks so it's important to to sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes intensifying

that we're already on the way most importantly i would. increase in preoccupation with security as defined by the state as defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also the stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of open space cities are getting more and the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently however this context is it's leading to another scut sense of renewed emphasis on the city sights of violence of conflict. throughout history rules of protected cities and their inhabitants now the rules have disappeared and borders are more open than ever. the enemy generally doesn't come from the outside he's already here living among us. this is he is

a fragile fabric a vulnerable space. how can we protect ourselves against the invisible even comprehensible against feelings of vulnerability you can see to hear of the original ones a father one monitoring this vehicle is coming up and down the street down the end there are further to hang up the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two on the corner of that building these are hiding globes this building is one of my favorites it's completely encrusted in c.c.t.v. . some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is for you've got one of them monitoring the door it's the service entrance and you've got a globe which monitors the street and then there is a fixed camera that was just seems to be looking straight at the ground and there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out and looking at this traffic interchange which is already being covered by that and then

another globe which can obviously swing around and that's available on the other side there are almost as many cameras again all in all just from this one spot it's being watched by sixteen t.v. cameras. called talker for joy is getting old and photographer henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called our project ring of steel entering the put up tick on because we were really fascinated in this i did that when you were in the city of london every movement is traced by cameras. in exhibitions and on the internet and we had to williams in the georgia showed a network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible on a map there will come a florist in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of

a street surrounded by. a tank beriah disguised as a poem. together with the already present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough. it's followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel as a fortress a matrix for other cities the projects about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood. how to read the landscape i think that's what i find most interesting about the ring of steel is because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like the very mobile that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also to guided tours how to find out how to be able

to analyze what you were looking at us and to understand how the system was operating. ninety ninety three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonated in the city of london. brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the would of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of the city's wellner ability and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the city send through limiting access routes building checkpoints i didn't stalling countless surveillance cameras. hey we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here.

which was established in the nine hundred ninety s. following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army on the finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have also made the system fall registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. the system developed over eighteen years and there's no knowledge of the computer operated checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system. a potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees

everything and can seal off the financial district at a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track of their everyday lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some coercive big brother thora tarion state such as the. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all this is. so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like then wong orwellian big brother society.

more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effective electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel. in texas buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the. more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion inhabitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing. with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities live people from the surrounding areas the cities become

mega-cities then evolve into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety and emerging landscapes. martin roux it works in berlin but at any given moment he's on line in the transport control system and has a half a capital of the under way province with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquillity more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and environmental problems as well as social unrest. when she has been

hard months as i am and if lot of people together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on france when we're finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. oh it's these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour and for example with the easy stuff a kit in the list and showing the bus routes was in fifteen go through a dish dot person and pushed him in. the taxis are always in motion the system is dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately

recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. bulletins. and a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem. this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat and this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic.

we will. see you. played about. almost entirely in the olympic village. committees who will tell the i.o.c. where they are. with

the help of the chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed by the traffic control center. perfect traffic management or total surveillance. taxi drivers becoming security agents. who controls all of the data. and who has access to it. in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life but will we lose our open freedom as our movements are increasingly recorded.

how can we maintain the delicate balance between our design have a freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right back to the days of classical civilisation through many evil societies to the contemporary period. the fish thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and their cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and police forces mobilized against people who blend into the

city who inhabit the city. the balances he center and the seas are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks on my security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations are potential targets. the brandenburg gate is a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. has security and public space still co-exist. but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at a cost of about wall and billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like

a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape feature an aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architecture has a whole lot of very intense security devices and systems many of which are confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. are we witnessing or in a sense of medieval architecture with electronics city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to deal function protection from the outside and for

rulers protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits and the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry . at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh as sound kind of developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but equally for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for in surveillance .

the swiss capital has always been a force of fine city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers. ben heard at the at his partner pascal that has all of been developing architectural concepts for many years in two thousand and seven there were a commission to reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. it fits over and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today not only in switzerland but also in other countries because there's the building which is

a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about and but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of say here i don't stop to talk to me. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of. the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoy lingering relaxing or simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and be confident will someone pop out from behind a car he's thinking i think this is very very important. in this day and age and

with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for which they have no one wants this to happen them all that if you're afraid it will it's a horrible feeling it's just as anxious as if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once he says. everything is at his relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. beneath the square lie enormous the vaults housing the gold reserves of the swiss national bank. despite having to register a condition of the parliament building is in the middle of the city and there's no demarcation on the outside it's anyone can go right up to the buildings facade this reflex switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept

of hope and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met technically without necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled and it's put a you're in a secure area like in an airport what you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what it was dated the last and one should experience it in the positive ways. i feel.

stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city and uni built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. see here that's our goal was to recreate a hard for a berth in. the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here.

to put some up front find my thoughts dumber plots was actually once the heart of europe ice and we had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from lauren europe and for that matter. potsdamer platz was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house. tells a great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place i think this puts you on the path. nothing methods of tema hot the no two here after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere and. a man of the white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and

should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here either. from the kind you. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public open space is also a safety issue there hide it and security is a matter of feeling as an objective kind of security and a subjective sense of it and we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present which they are.

all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security and the without requiring a lot of electronics or notice month you look twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many as skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi during these german times in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. often we don't realize just how vulnerable crowded places are until an accident or attack disturbs the peace.

of their own previews you don't know if you know per car or your norris plans to release. everyone in my life that i care about their golden anat that i came askin well. i was so national champion in track and field and also i was able to go and qualify for the olympic games. you know nine hundred eighty eight i started to experiment with that the drugs i had lost all the financial means that i had and was really on the street. black market can. get a great. treat. i

know c.n.n. m s n b c fox news have taken some not slightly but the fact is i admire their commitment to cover all sides of the story just in case one of them happens to be accurate. that was funny but it's close and for the truth and might take. off. for goods because one whole attention in the mainstream media works side by side the joke is actually on here. and our teen years we have a different thread. oh yeah because the news of the world just is not this funny i'm not laughing dammit i'm not how. he got us into the jokes well handled stuff that got.

the battle for the olympic podium in sochi in full swing with norway leading the medal count so far we're closely following the sport's drive again priorities studio when the heart of the winter games may be a celebration of sport but. the threat of something happening in sochi western media is sending alarm bells ringing over the games raising eyebrows as well as questions of what of a panic and criticism are justified plus week's headlines. you reportedly coming from the mouth of the u.s. assistant secretary of state as she reveals washington's plans for crisis rock ukraine in a lead phone call. and swiss voters deciding on whether or not to keep out foreigners as.