cities are exciting it's incredible cities all of human life. sediment haitians of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british empire. along with new york and home cologne still in the center of the global financial industry. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three hundred languages countless ethnicities and colleges london is a prototype of a global networked mega city and a laboratory for security measures

a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york and washington were already under way before those attacks so it's important to sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes intensifying that we're already on the way most importantly i would say is a increasing preoccupation with security as defined by the state as defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also the stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of in space cities are getting more into the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently however this new context is it's leading to another scout sense of we need emphasis on the city as this.

throughout history of protected cities and their inhabitants. have disappeared. in the generally doesn't come from the. is already here living among us. is a fragile fabric of space. protect ourselves against the invisible. comprehensible against feelings as. you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring the vehicles coming up and down the street down the end further to the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two on the corner of that building these. building is one of my favorites it's completely. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it

is for. one of them monitoring the door. and you've got a globe which is the street and then there is a fixed camera which just seems to be looking straight at the ground and there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out looking at this traffic interchange which is already being covered by that and then another globe which can obviously swing round. on the other side. again all in all just from this one spot is being watched by sixteen c.c.t.v. cameras. photographers henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel. findings developed into an art project we called project . because we were really fascinated. every movement is traced by camera. in exhibitions and on the internet

and real to williams in the george showed a tight network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible on a map there will come a flows to in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of a street surrounded by on blogs. a tank beriah disguised as a poem. together with the only present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough the old boats followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel as a bold and fortress a matrix for other cities the project about the ring of steel was primarily to make it visible so that people understood how to read the balance gave i think that life

i make in just about the ring of steel is because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like the very mobile that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also through guided tours how to find it and how to be able to analyze what you were looking at and to understand how the system was operating . ninety nine hundred three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates in the city of london the oil rig brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the wood of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of the says he's vulnerable ety and hopelessness an act never to be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement

a system of continuous monitoring of the says he send through limiting access routes building checkpoints and installing countless surveillance cameras. he was standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here. which was established in the ninety ninth cease following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have also made the system fall registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london. the

system developed over eighteen is and there's no longer really computer operate it . checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system of potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything and can seal off the financial district after a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track of their daily lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not some coercive big brother of thora tarion state such as the. the g.d.r. with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are

all sorts of different efforts to collect data for all three different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all necessarily become sand fries so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like them warm orwellian big brother society. more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effect if electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel. in texas buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london.

we're living in the urban millennium more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion and habitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities leo people from the surrounding areas the cities become mega-cities then evolve into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety and emerging urban landscapes. martin roux it works in berlin but at any given moment he's on line in the transport control system and has a half a capital of the under way in providence with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems inherent in the massive influx of new comers.

despite all their oases of tranquility more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and environmental problems as well as social unrest. when she has been hard months as i am and if lot of tuxes or school together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the program and it was on the front seat when we finished ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. i was these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the next half hour for example was the easy stuff

a kid in the mason show and budgets once in fifteen go through a dished out person and pushed him in. so taxis are always in motion the system is dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from normal traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. and a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem. this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock threat this will also help us find ways to gain the

upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic. we will. see. about all of the ice each. almost entirely in the olympic village if they are not to the. committees who will tell the i.o.c. where the. european union likes to think of itself as one of the brighter and fairer parts of the world a european commission report on corruption the first of its kind betrays a very different picture in every single member country there is corruption in some cases on a massive scale so what can the e.u.

teach the world. is obviously more for the ladies because it's pink. women wanted to avoid rate they really need to buy. this is the one that i want to go with. the feel of. tarzan of. the killing money but if somebody with you with this with. more. scary marketing tactics that women have. moral obligation to protect their family and young girls shoot out here too so we do have a pink wife. or kids young kids choke on food than are killed by firearms if being armed made us safer in america we should be the safest nation on earth were clearly not the safest.

with the hope of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed by the traffic controls and. the big traffic management or total surveillance. on taxi drivers becoming security agents who controls all of the data. and who has access to it. in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life

but will we lose our open freedom as our movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain that delicate balance between our design have a freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right back to the days of classical civilization three medieval societies to the contemporary period. the fish thing about this relationship today is that. we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and the cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and

police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center and the seas are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks high security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate is a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. is security and public space still co-exist. but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at

a cost of about walden billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape. and aesthetic feature and the security feature on it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architecture has a whole lot of very intense security devices and systems many of which are confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. all we witnessing are a nascence of medieval architecture with electronics city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had to

deal function protection from the outside and for rule is protection from their own subjects. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits and the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry. at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh as sound kind of developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but equally for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for in surveillance

. the swiss capital has always been a fortified city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers. ben heard eddie and his partner pascal vessel have been developing architectural concepts for many is in two thousand and seven there were commissioned to reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. and it's over and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today so not only in switzerland but also in other

countries because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of state and stopped to talk to me. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of. the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and he will someone pop out from

behind a car he's going to i think this is a very very important. in this day and age and with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for which there is no one wants this to happen but if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling its interests if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once they see here. everything is appears relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. the nice the square lie enormous the volt's housing the gold reserves of the swiss national bank. but instead just a conditional the parliament building is in the middle of the city and there's no demarcation on the outside anyone can go right up to the building's facade so this

reflex switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept of hope and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the invasion for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met technically without necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled and it's put a you're in a secure area like in an airport but you don't get a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what sort of day the last and one should experience it in a positive ways. i. i.

i don't. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city and uni built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. that see you. our goal was to recreate a hard for birth in then the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here.

to put snuff out fine he smiled i thought stammer plotz was actually once the heart of europe and we had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or from lauren europe and for that matter. it was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house i thought had lost. a great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place i think has put the on the path. nothing ethne september i think not to hear after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere and that's. about it mano

white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary and in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here either. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public urban space is also a safety issue they fear hide it and security is a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security and a subjective sense of it and we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present which they are.

all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security and the without requiring a lot of electronics or not just months he knew in twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many as skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi it during east german times in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. often we don't realise just how vulnerable crowded places are until an accident or attack disturbs the peace.

the room previews you don't know if you don't pay a car or you know no response to really. knows everyone in my life that i care about they're gone and then. i came askin well. i was a national champion in track and field and also i was able to go and qualify for the olympic games. you know nine hundred eighty eight i started to experiment with that the drugs i had lost all the financial means that i had was really on the street. wow. great. to keep.

the flame. the olympic spirit travels with the flame from its birthplace in greece. joining james brown for an elemental and epic journey around russia and beyond.

possible. we we will know the i.o.c. you will know the whereabouts of the os each. day they are almost entirely in the olympic village if they are not to the. olympic committees who will tell the i.o.c. where they are. there's a saying when you're in the arctic you have the entire world at your feet. she looks like a fairly simple ship but really she's not simple little. handful of people ever have access to the nuclear icebreakers the real king here is at the polar bear and ice breakers come second not a single complex expedition to the arctic can be conducted without the russian nuclear powered fleet of ice breakers we've undertaken a unique operation. the northern sea route russia's arctic

ice breakers. because nation when it's fast metal and saunter twenty fourteen we're close that the rules will be followed by a golden age on sunday but aside from the celebration of winter olympic sports. right now it's a big power but a good stretch from the western media dishes out an avalanche of criticism raising questions about whether the hype and money are justified plus in the week's other headlines. and you know. the message reportedly coming from the u.s. assistant secretary of state as a neat phone call reveals the depths of washington's involvement in ukraine's political turmoil. on the votes have been counted in switzerland following a referendum on a controversial plan to put a limit on.