all. cities are exciting it's incredible cities all of human life. sediment haitians of all of human history they all landscapes of power. london once the heart of the british empire. along with new york and home calm still in the center of the global financial industry. symbol and driving force behind the international monetary flow. twelve million inhabitants over three hundred languages countless ethnicities and colleges london is a prototype of

a global networked mega city and a laboratory for security measures a lot of the changes in cities since the nine eleven terror attacks in new york and washington were already on the way before those attacks so it's important to sort of stress that the nine eleven attacks have led to certain changes intensifying that we're already on the way most importantly i would say there's a increasing preoccupation with security as defined by the state as defined by big companies and as defined by those in government. professor and also the stephen graham teaches and researches on security and surveillance and the militarization of in space cities are getting more into the focus of conflict this is not entirely new currently however this new context is it's late. another.

of. the city sites of violence and conflict. throughout history have protected cities and their inhabitants now the rules have disappeared. more open than ever. the enemy generally doesn't come from the outside he's already here living among us. this is he is a fragile fabric of space. and we protect ourselves against the invisible. comprehensible against feelings as . you can see to hear of the original ones a further one monitoring the vehicles coming up and down the street down the end there are a further two hang of the corner of that building at the end of the street another one and then another two on the corner of that building these are. building is one

of my favorites it's completely. some of which is almost impossible to work out what it is for. one of them monitoring the door. and you've got a globe which is the street and then there is a fixed camera which just seems to be looking straight at the ground and there is no door. around the corner we've got another pin one which is coming out and looking at this traffic into change which is already being covered by that and then another globe which can obviously swing round. on the other side as many cameras again all in all just from this one spot is being watched by sixteen c.c.t.v. cameras. photographers henrietta williams discovered a disturbing pattern of security architecture in the middle of london they realized they were moving in a kind of visual parallel city the findings developed into an art project we called project. because we were really fascinated in this i did that when you were in the . london every movement is traced by cameras. in

exhibitions and on the internet and real to williams in the george showed a tight network of security cameras and structures. clearly visible on a map there will come a flow as to in real life. empty and easily overlooked control booths. a tree in the middle of a street surrounded by an ballz. a tank beriah disguised as a poem. together with the already present security cameras these structures form a security ring around the city of london. remarkably enough the old books followed almost the exact same lines of the old city walls dating back to roman times the ring of steel is a modern fortress a matrix for other cities the project about the ring of steel was primarily to make

it visible so that people understood how to read the skate i think of what i find most interesting about the ring of steel is because it was so keen to not have this very visible defense it is not like the very mobile that way you can find it and see it very easily so we really wanted to explain to people like three mapping through photographs and also to a guided tour how to find it and how to be able to analyze what you were looking at and to understand how the system was operating. ninety ninety three a truck with sixteen tons of explosives detonates in the city of london the only brings terror to the capital and demonstrates to the british establishment we can hit you right in the center of your power. it's the worst of a series of attacks and a painful reminder of this is he's vulnerable ety and hopelessness an act never to

be repeated. banks administration and police resolved to implement a system of continuous monitoring of the city send through limiting access routes building checkpoints i didn't stalling countless surveillance cameras. hey we're standing by one of the checkpoints in the so-called ring of steel over here. which was established in the ninety ninth cease following some of the terrorist attacks by the irish republican army finance call of london the so-called city. it was an effort to basically control access and so use the surveillance cameras as you can see here to create checkpoints around a smaller number of roads going into the financial core of the city and the idea is that you have also made the system fall registering and checking the number plates of all of the vehicles that are actually going in and out of the city of london.

the system developed over eighteen is and is now largely computer operated checkpoint controls are quite rare and random. unpredictability is part of the system of potential attackers should never feel safe the electronic system sees everything and can seal off the financial district as a moment's notice. increasingly people just take this for granted people just assume that they are being digitally monitored that they are creating a track for their daily lives people increasingly embrace that sometimes it's important to stress that this is not. coercive big brother thora tarion state such as. the g.d.r.

with the stasi a completely centralized system of monitoring political activity but there are all sorts of different efforts to collect data for different reasons for all sorts of different geographical scales and those dates and those images don't all necessarily become centralized so it's better to think of a thousand little brothers if you like then wong orwellian big brother society. more than twenty million traffic movements per day without an effect if electronic management system daily life in a mega city is impossible to organize cameras can be found even beyond the ring of steel in texas buses and trains for the toll system the urban traffic control center and the police and of course all thirty two districts have cameras of their

own all told there are well over twenty thousand surveillance cameras in london. we're living in the urban millennial more than fifty percent of the world's seven billion inhabitants now live in cities the numbers are increasing. with the promise of jobs and prosperity cities either people from the surrounding areas the cities become mega-cities then evolve into urban landscapes. at the german aerospace institute in berlin technologies are being developed for effective mobility and safety in emerging urban landscapes. martin roux it works in berlin but at any given moment he's online in the transport control system and has a say capital of the under way province with five million inhabitants one of the most rapidly growing cities in china the daily traffic demonstrates the problems

inherent in the massive influx of new comers. despite all their oases of tranquillity more than one hundred fifty cities in china will have a population of some five million inhabitants by the year two thousand and fifty without proper controls this development threatens to cause supply and environmental problems as well as social unrest. in france in his recent comments as i am and if lot of talks of our school together with our chinese partners equipped a fleet of taxis currently one thousand are part of the programme and it was on the front seat when we finished oregon ten thousand automobiles will transmit their g.p.s. positions to the central computer every second on the pollen and for kids. oh it's these nines learn from these individual reports we can calculate the current speeds that can be driven on the streets and can forecast how traffic will develop in the

next half hour for example was the easy stuff a kid in the mason show and a bus routes once in fifteen go through a dished out person and pushed him in. so taxis are always in motion the system is dynamic and provides not only information on traffic conditions any deviations from mobile traffic patterns are also recorded seismographic li the system immediately recognizes congestions disruptions in traffic flow and late in the threats to peace and order. bulletins and. in a lot of chinese cities automobile traffic is increasing astronomically. traffic jams and the threat of gridlock are becoming a dire social problem. this is why we want to continue to develop our partnership with germany we accept our responsibility and want to take appropriate measures to actively push this project forward that as a city in the future we want to have means and measures for countering the gridlock

threat today as you would this will also help us find ways to gain the upper hand over the environmental pollution and climate change resulting from traffic. in the final. deal and the rest because i think they kill the. king right. first rate.

and i think your. orders. that you know the price is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution and. that's because a free and open process is critical to our democracy albus. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and our crafts to mco we've been a hydrogen why handful of transnational corporations that will profit by destroying what our founding fathers once built up i'm john martin and on this show we reveal

the big picture of what's actually going on in the world we go beyond identifying the problem for trucks rational debate and real discussion critical issues facing america ready to join the movement then walk in the big picture. with the hope of the german chinese project each taxi movement can be monitored and directed online by the traffic controls and a. perfect traffic management or total surveillance. on taxi drivers becoming security agents who controls all of the data. and who has access to it.

in the middle ages it was said that city and liberates this meant complete personal liberty and the anonymity of the city in contrast to the nearness of village life but will we lose our open freedom as our movements are increasingly recorded. how can we maintain the delicate balance between our design half of freedom and our need for security. will the new conflict transform cities into digital fortresses. cities of always being principal sites for target saying during wolf going right back to the days of classical civilisation through many evil societies to the contemporary period. the fish thing about this relationship today is that.

we are not seeing states mobilize against other states and their cities we're seeing both in terms of the west and cities like london we see military and state and police forces mobilized against people who blend into the city who inhabit the city. the balances he center and the seas are always heavily protected but since the nine eleven attacks high security architecture has become dominant and highly visible. symbolic locations of potential targets. the brandenburg gate as a magnet for tourists right next door the u.s. embassy. is security and public space still co-exist.

but in the future will the security situation call for other solutions will potentially endangered buildings have to be conceived differently and outside the city center like the new u.s. embassy in london an entirely new embassy is going to be built at a cost of about wall and billion dollars. the building looks almost exactly like a twenty first century castle it reminds me very very much of the norman keep as a sort of structure it has a thirty meter moat filled with water believe it or not which is both a landscape feature an aesthetic feature and the security feature and it involves a whole lot of blast proofing architecture has a whole lot of very intense security devices and systems many of which are confidential as you'd expect built into this glass and steel almost medieval castle like structure. are we

witnessing a rare nascence of medieval architecture with electronics city wools and bomb proof modes. fortresses have always had a dual function protection from the outside and for rulers protection from their own subject. major events such as the g eight and g twenty summits and the world economic forum demonstrate how the ruling classes are protecting themselves from their own citizens the security efforts are increasing from year to year. the distinction between police and military is blurry. at the two thousand and nine g. twenty summit in pittsburgh a sound cannon developed for the military was used for the first time against a civilian population. this non-lethal weapon is ideal for urban landscapes but

they clearly for containing civilian protesters. the security industry is developing more and more devices which can be implemented in war and on the home front drones can be used for attacks and for and surveillance. the swiss capital has always been a fortified city more discreet and less visible today than during the period of city walls and towers. ben heard eddie and his partner pascal vessel have been developing architectural concepts for many years in two thousand and seven there were commissioned to

reconstruct the swiss parliament building the most important requirements transparency and security in all of his projects as he is interested primarily in public space. and it's over and i think far too little attention is paid to that is an architectural projects today not only in switzerland but also in other countries take it because there's the building which is a published object and there's everything that happens around it which no one seems to care about but it's the public space that creates a sense of security in a city of say here and then start to talk to me. the square in front of the parliament building is a form a parking lot. of. the empty stone space feels like an enormous carpet today the square is a very lively and popular location with people enjoying lingering relaxing or

simply letting time pass by. one thirty if you feel totally safe because you have an overview of everything there are no spaces where you're not sure to see me i go there and be confident will someone pop out from behind a car he's going i think this is very very important. in this day and age with all the security requirements to imagine the terrorist attacks for which they have no one wants this to happen but if you are afraid it will it's a horrible feeling its interests if the design of public spaces is very important in making people feel safe that it's just once he says. everything is at his relaxed but the whole area is very discreetly and extremely well secured. beneath the square lie enormous vaults housing the gold reserves of

the swiss national bank. but instead just a condition of the parliament building it is in the middle of the city and there's no demarcation on the outside anyone can go right up to the building's facade so this reflects switzerland's openness maintaining this was an important part of the concept of hope and. it was the full necessary to combine two opposing aspects maximum safety for the government and the maximum openness toward its citizens for the insight into investing for us it was always important for security to be a part of the overall design without it being very visible and that security checks can be carried out for that all requirements can be met technically without necessarily being obvious that when you enter the building you notice you're being surveilled and it's put a you're in a secure area like in an airport but you don't get

a funny feeling about it that makes your visit there a negative experience to see the building represents what sort of day the last and one should experience it in a positive ways. i. i. i feel. stomach plants and historic location in the heart of the city and uni built off the german reunification in europe's largest in a city construction project. see here that's our goal was to recreate a hard for bourbon then the wall was only one hundred meters from here and we had the death strip here and you know it was a desert and here you have a vista. of the reunification in one nine hundred ninety the berlin municipal government turned over the rebuilding of the square to private investors

who implemented their own concept of a high rise city with the purchase the investors not only developed and constructed the streets and squares they also acquired the rights of passage for the public space. it is the investors who ultimately decide who is allowed to be here. to put some up front find if my thoughts dumber plots was actually once the heart of europe nice and had the busiest streets with the first traffic light ever built in germany or some loren europe and for that matter. it's was really vibrant dunes and the press district was nearby the famous house. hotels a great music halls cinema and walls it was a really lively place i think this puts you on the path.

nothing ethne september hot the photo here after nine eleven things changed quite a bit for everyone became more cautious and for example when finding an object somewhere. in mano white a lot has changed but we still strive to be open to the public that is and should be this is always a difficult balancing act to be. what's necessary in terms of safety and sealing off what and where would this destroy our concept for attracting people to come here often. can a public space be planned. the question of isolation or openness especially at the intersection of private and public open space is also a safety issue if you're hired if security is a matter of feeling as an object of kind of security at

a subjective sense so that we determined that there are actually very few things which give a person a sense of safety the first one is cleanliness it must be light and there can't be any dodgy areas our staff have to be present which they are. all this gives an objective and subjective feeling of security without requiring a lot of electronics or not just months he knew in twenty of. the scarcity of cameras here compared to public spaces in other cities as much to do with the german theory of surveillance. many are skeptical because of the excessive control measures during the nazi period and by the stasi during these german times in daily life however few people care whether a shopping center is public or private and how many surveillance cameras are

watching them they're only desire is to show up at their leisure. often we don't realise just how vulnerable crowded places are until an accident or attack disturbs the peace. is obviously more for the latest because it's pink. women wanted to avoid rape they really needed to buy guns environ how to use them. this is the one that i want to go with them once again it's the fear factor when the definitely the target of the gun lobby and you don't kill them when the killing money but if somebody would you would just prefer. i notice it more and more if that's really scary marketing tactics which implies that women have some sort of moral obligation to protect their family and young girls shoot out here too so we do have

a pink wife. or kids young kids choke on food than are killed by firearms if being armed made us safer in america we should be the safest nation on earth were clearly not the safest. least be cool language. programs and documentaries in arabic it's all here on all t.v. reporting from the world talks about six of the p.r.p. interviews intriguing stories for you. in trying. to find out more visit our big poteat dog called. right from the scene. first straight to you and i think picture.

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russia's figure skating team claims the host nation's first gold as the second day of the winter games wraps up in sochi but aside from the celebration of winter olympic sports. the threat of something happening in sochi the western media dishes out an avalanche of criticism raising questions about whether the concerns and panic are justified plus in the weeks other headlines. u.s. assistant secretary of state has apparently been caught on tape trying to direct ukraine's political future. and you know. at the same time what's believed to be victoria nuland comments have also caused outrage in the e.u. with the german chancellor calling them unacceptable. and to switzerland votes narrowly in favor.