what's triggering a race in america is the largest economy in the wrong it's also the largest debtor nation in the history of the world breaking the fed is mostly about alternatives to the status quo but one might get real alternatives to the points on the working poor the american dream the next they were just trying to survive it's time for americans and lawmakers in washington to wake up and start talking about the real causes. your friend post a photo from a vacation you can't afford college to different. the boss repeats the same old joke of course you like. your ex-girlfriend still pens tear jerking poetry keep count norrish. we post only what really matters at r.t.

to your facebook news feed. we welcome erin nate and abby martin to be terrific hosts on the r t network. it's going to give you a different perspective give you one star never i'll give you the information you make the decision don't worry about how breaking this or others are the mind it's rubbish ideas and consciousness in frustrated with the system. your problems would be described as angry i think i'm a strong you know i'm single. alone well can set goals don't date is the end of all it's all but not supposing in moscow but luckily for us the someone hasn't finished everywhere so if we pop culture i'm going to sit for a song winter's knocking at moscow's door between normally sit on

a long johns just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibes a culture and see what's going on in the world of technology fronts was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite its opponents in power the country is still looking for new energy sources even though it's been the power that drives the song done so well. there's a lot of energy in france i'm not just talking about the street dunces the country ranks second in the world in terms of new. clif power stations but with growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it so many sis from around the world have come to discuss a possible shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen all the way france has almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the country's energy needs only stations have produced well over one million cubic

meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature it's the process by which heavy elements split to form lighter elements and has been created by mankind to make post stations a nuclear bomb. typical reaction a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements and neutrons coming off energy unfortunately it's also uses a large amounts of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on the other hand is nature's atomic power i just have to look at the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction hydrogen isotopes in the space terry and combine to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutron and lots of energy because most importantly fusion gives off hardly any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first

discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave a report on things we could do together and on ways to do that back in one nine hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today as a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the word. after that basically followed this plan which you. have suggested that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit in one thousand nine hundred eighty five you discussed it with president reagan and the international thermonuclear experimental reactor project was born europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and join the project along with japan in two thousand and six the agreement to build and decommission was signed and dramas finally broken in two

thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g locating cataracts in the south of france is one of the most ambitious international scientific collaboration is ever undertaken the e.u. india japan and china russia south korea and the u.s. representing over one half of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy given the groundwork for the project is a feat in itself that each test site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world to access roads from the poles of all the lean force to support the weight of the deliveries and five thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for

a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country alone. since this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components are supplied at the right time compatibility issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's core is fifteen million. in degree centigrade this combined with his huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect in fights that it fuses six hundred twenty million tons of hydrogen every second once construction is complete the real fun starts at the heart of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the sense of the sun here on earth due to remain true to equally charged so to overcome the not sure which happens so easily in the sun they need to

be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum at this temperature they form a plasma which is confined to the toroidal or donut shaped the only magnetic field on electric currents is run through the plasma to help heat it on the walls of the chamber had to be built to withstand the intense heat in vacuum conditions and this magical device that can create stars is called to talk a mark but it's not a new invention. is a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion so i went to the state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and a talent for nuclear physics. a little princess was the first person propose confining passing an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty brodie's i days in

a letter to stalin but never received a reply but the second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and was invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of tom and they were impressed by his original boldness sucker of recommended that work canoe cliff fusion get started straight away but you find they're using a circular magnetic field instead of physicist you go to chris shots or gave a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach in progress the world was. impressed the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic possible containment device the t one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven the teeth three which both socket of and tom had been working on was completed in one nine hundred sixty eight it's achieved record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk of mark was to become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk amounts began to sprinkle

all over the world. some of the most notable include the joints european tourists or jets in the u.k. which is chief the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk is currently being used to test a wall lining for. japan's j c sixty which holds the record for the highest possible time and temperature ratio on the c.s.t. on america which managed to heat the plasma to a mind blowing five million degrees c. despite these advances no talk of mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it's used to start the reaction so it. is not a nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been so thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial needs it's

a problem with. the alternatives to talk among the stellar rates it was in one thousand nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't run a current through the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with a bend in seventy six inertial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered lasers to heat a compressed hydrogen fuel pellets and ignite a fusion react. although exciting from a theoretical point of view he can be tricky to extract power from this method. turned out to be the most practical plasma confinements system. these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk i'm proof that. the first ever talk a mock the team one was built right at the could chose to ski institute in moscow.

the institute is named after a good coach outs of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the project the institution is now home since he wants distant descendant which was built almost forty years ago and is the largest talk among currently operating in russia that see time has generated around ninety thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for. firstly it will use this tocome up to test out new technologies once that does that we can apply them in a big scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods for this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet exist and millions are eager to develop them and some of these diagnostic tools

will be developed here at the office and it's worth the talk is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something to see the possibility of naked eye but if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is where the hope is being generator that generates a sense of being a neutral part schools through the plasma which cause it's on the go a series of spectral changes the beaming comes out of the plasma is sensors fiber optic cable the constant being is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter to be in the this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the spectrometer that send all this information to a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these properties that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. the electric field strength and rotation speed of the can also be worked out from these measurements these are the most important.

version of this laser system will eventually be fitted in the reactor but one diagnostic system is far from enough. it's a must be monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics physical diagnostics technological diagnostics and then there are safe diagnostics that give us a clear picture of the things happening inside the reactor we were. given the experimental nature of the reality will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which have been developed here in russia three in the institute three in the institute and three in the institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x. rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. unfortunately

we can't cover them all but we managed to check out a few. institute is also working on these highfield side reflect the system we sense michael. and use the extent to which they are reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma a wide range of frequencies are used which allows them to take a cross-section and see the density distribution within this system is tested using this full. wave. but the main challenge the sending different way frequencies down the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with the talk of mark. so we decided to start by installing diagnostic sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full. re-image results. this is a full scale replica of the institute's diverted. six thousand device would be

located just one point five meters away from the. business and only a two centimeter gap in the. diverts helps maintain the purity of the plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the. camera but just as the gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information to measure the confinement of the alpha particles generated during fusion. play a crucial role in producing a burning plasma which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any power. to institute is also building this neutral particle. concentrations. energy. isotopes deviation from.

this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics nuclear installations for a number of decades now. we've dozens of instruments operating on this principle and supplied them to our foreign partners. institute he's also located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were up to. make mission systems for. generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they also developed. to protect the super controlled. from overheating if this happens a small explosive charge in the pirate bay could detonate causing

a small and medium brings to expand and complete a by prosecutes which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed for each other that must be supplied on time some of the needed to ensure the experiment safety. among them the technology is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber. system and some chamber elements. this panel is part of the inside wall of the talk a mock is made up of lots of little tiles like this one each tile consists of a layer of tungsten copper bronze and the inside wall have over one million of them and six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and the sun them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can hear them to three thousand degrees c. but they only sessoms fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as inside the talking mark. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering

challenge the heat is subjected to these the equivalent of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough. to grade the structural integrity of the wall this testing shaper contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure it's capable of dissipating all this heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can two stand with a melting point to three and a half thousand degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. kids most of the pond schools are held in the plaza only few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the particles drops significantly which means that the face the attention the wall is subjected to these also lowered the water cooling the water juicing steam. which drives a turbine to produce electricity. this is

a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example the high energy laser mirrors rocket nozzles. vehicle fairing and family protection high energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area. with. the money it has to be adopted especially for. this laser welding machine is used to create seamless joints and. traditional welding techniques there are no impurities in the world of molten metal morning after the break.

it took. over my soul to do the job did you know the price is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution and. that's because a free and open press is critical to our democracy right albus. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and across several we've been hijacked why handful of transnational corporations will profit by destroying what our founding fathers one school i'm job market and on this show we reveal the big picture of what's actually going on in the world if we go beyond identifying the problem to try rational debate and a real discussion of critical issues facing america if i ever feel ready to join the movement then welcome to.

you like me who want your comedy news from t want your comedy news to be a bare fisted no holds barred fight to the dad. but the truth vampire winding into the necks of the corporate elite billionaire freaks while they're going. out well that's what you get with my new show projected the night.

a lot of the work for. st petersburg a lot better place to come in the institute which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home to the country's newest to the global. church of himself which is a senior research at the ofer institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab as well as developing many diagnostic systems for he said the institutions also built to talk a mark of its own it uses a device to study possible behavior as well as tests delivery heating systems place not like any talk about we've seen before. the globe is

a spherical talk it's also the newest in russia and was built entirely in st petersburg is more compartment traditional talk of marks so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the puzzle in currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzle and much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we can this type of talk a mark making it harder to reach required possible density is certainly not without its uses. well as far as the energy industry is concerned research is a currently designing a hybrid react it's a talk a mark or a spherical talk case is used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those votes in your home say used to irradiate spent unspent nuclear fuel like

what's normally used in just six fission reactors. isn't just providing a lot of the technology for a lot of the money a function is being tried out here as well one of the country's speciality is the superconductor so that's why it's joined forces with five other countries to produce coils but he says and produce my next systems bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my next a cable for each for the length of over eight hundred meters you want it will but. we are very pleased that superconductors which they will characteristics. that does them get a. stable of from sample the sample. is stable. and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting why is a producer the chip is commit chemical fire chief and then sent seven hundred fifty

miles heats up a desk where they are cleaned and could steam chrome the why is it then wanted to strong's which in turn around five times to produce a cable first sentences the state. is then about in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half ton school bus transportation to eat. most of the money is will be assembled and each has a giant money to simply facilitate apart from one which will be money function russia all in all will have eighteen super conducting two oil fields and six political field calls us. on the set of correction calls that can find shape and control the placement inside the function vessel. is an ancient russian city not only known for its picturesque beauty and rich history but its reputation for science the research and manufacturing is known far outside russia's borders. the end of august this year. production

facility. is responsible for producing nine out of the twenty four. were invented in russia in one thousand nine hundred sixty four called the nice thing north. physics. are used in the vast majority of the world as heating the puzzler without them will be next to impossible. he says twenty four joe johns will be located in a separate building one hundred fifty meters away from. the electromagnetic waves the producer of the sensed by a long wave guys interacts helping keep the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we see as a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing. the year two thousand and twenty there are a regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell to three. other contracts in the same period. gyro is lucky to circle is taken from

so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional electrons. beams of electrons are accelerating towards a cavity where a strong field is applied interaction between the rotating motion of the electrons and the field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line like an optical beam the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the customer causing it to talk a bit like a microwave heats water. also has a stabilizing effect. in the past helping prolong the length of the reaction and therefore the energy produced all these benefits demand is pretty high at the moment. is from germany china and japan but in the meantime it looks like we have another such fight customer. review. for. the project therefore. i hope i have the confidence.

this quarter meant to the project and also already there is a leading member of the project therefore results for sure. since the excess over to protect the full returning to france which gina visited the institute of applied physics where the artificial diamond windows for the directions of being produced the highly conductive results in very little power loss and they don't look that bad either but i bet they don't come cheap the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros or so may say that the countries have simply blown the money away so those see the benefits of the project for the next couple of decades the money now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world is a sterling example of international cooperation at its best and of the peaceful use

of nuclear power for the advancement of mankind and protection of the environment most of the money invested in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which have countless uses already been such an endeavor into the unknown there's no doubt there's a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future but until then enjoy the right. i know c.n.n. the m s n b c news have taken some not slightly but the fact is i admire their commitment to cover all sides of the story just in case one of them happens to be accurate. that was funny but it's close and for the truth and might think. it's because one whole attention and the

mainstream media works side by side the joke is actually on the new. people coming up. at our teen years we have a different approach to the good because the news of the world just is not this funny i'm not laughing dammit i'm not. good. at. you guys stick to the jokes while handling the stuff that i've got to. put on your comment like these thank you ali it's like you know.

i should have you with us here on t.v. today i roll researcher. it took. over but. did you know the price is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution which says that's because a free and open press is critical to our democracy shrek albus. well i'm. going to go on i'm sorry and i'm this show we reveal the picture of what's actually going on the world we go beyond identifying trying to rational debate a real discussion critical issues facing america about the book go ready and join the movement then welcome to the big picture.