but luckily for us the sun hasn't finished everywhere so we thought we pop culture go in search of a song winter is knocking at moscow's door but we're not ready to don our own johns just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibe the culture and see what's going on in the world of technology fronts was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite its opponents in power the country is still looking for new energy sources and even hosting the power that drives the song. there's a lot of energy in france and i'm not just talking about the street dunces the country ranks second in the world in terms of nuclear power stations but with growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it so ministers from around the world have come to discourse of possible shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen on the way france is almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the

country's energy needs only stations have produced well over one million cubic meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature it's the process by which heavy elements split to form lighter elements and has been created by mankind to make poa stations and nuclear bombs. typical reaction a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements and neutrons giving off an edgy unfortunately it's also uses a large amounts of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on the other hand is nature's atomic power you just have to look at the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction hydrogen isotopes in this case tritium and uteri and combine to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutron and lots. energy because most importantly fusion gives off hardly

any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave reports on things we could do together and on ways to do them back in one nine hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today as a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the work after that basically followed this plan. of suggests that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit in one thousand nine hundred eighty five he discussed it with president reagan and the international thermonuclear experimental reactor project was born in europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and joined the project along with japan in two thousand and six the cream

and to build run and decommission was signed and promised finally broke in two thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g. locating counteracts in the south of france is one of the most ambitious international scientific collaboration is ever undertaken the e.u. india japan china russia south korea and the u.s. representing over one half of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy given the ground work for the project is a feat in itself that each test site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world to access roads from the poles of all the lean force to support the weight of the deliveries. and five

thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country alone. since this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components are supplied at the right time compatibility issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's core is fifteen million degrees centigrade this combined with this huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect in fights that the fuse is six hundred twenty million tons of hydrogen every second once construction is complete the real fun starts at the heart of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the sense of the sun. due to eclipse charged so to

overcome and not to repulsion which happen so easily in the sun they need to be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum at this temperature they form a plaza which is confined to detroit all four donut shaped unique magnetic field an electric current is run through the plasma to help heat it on the walls of the chamber have to be built to withstand the intense heat in vacuum conditions and this magical device that can create stars is called to talk a mark but it's not a new invention. is a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion so i went to the state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and the talent for nuclear physics. alone. branson was the first person

to propose confining passing an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty brodie's i.d.'s in a letter to stalin but never received a reply but the second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and he's invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of tom and they were impressed by his original r.t. and boldness some kind of recommended that will continue cliff fusion get started straight away but you find they're using a secure magnetic field instead physicist eager to push outs of gave a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach in progress the world was impressed the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic plasma containment device the t one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven the t. three which both sucker of and tom had been working on was completed in one nine hundred sixty eight it's a huge record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk about to

become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk amounts began to sprinkle all over the world. some of the most notable include the joints european taurus or jets in the u.k. which achieve the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk is currently being used to test a wall lining for. japan's j.t. sixty eight which holds the record for the highest plasma time density and temperature ratio on the t.n.t. on america which means to heat the plasma to a mind going five hundred ten million degrees c. despite these advances no talking mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it's used to start the reaction. it. is not a nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been so.

thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial mates if you get a problem with. the alternatives to talk a mark the stellar rates it was invent see nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't win a current for the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with the bendel strine seventy six inertial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered lasers to heat a compressed tight ship fuel pellets and ignite a fusion reaction although exciting from a theoretical point of view it can be tricky to extract power from this method. there's also the talk about turned out to be the most practical plasma confinement system. the fact that these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk of marcus film proves it. the first ever talk of mark the team one

was built right stay at the institute in moscow. the institute is named after eagle of course charts of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the project. now holmes says he wants distant descendant which was built almost forty years ago and is the largest talk among currently operating in russia that see time has generated around ninety thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for the task at. firstly it will use this tocome up to test out new technologies once that does that we can apply them in a big scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet

exist and will use either to develop them in some of these diagnostic tools will be developed here but it was our facility. the taco mike is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something see the possibility of make it i was if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is why the hope is being generator that generates a sense of being a neutral part schools through the plaza which because it's on the go or series of spectral changes the beam in comes out of the plasma sensors five optic cable the constant beam is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter the beam then goes through this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the spectrometer that send all this information to a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these properties that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. the electric field strength and rotation speed of the.

measurements these are the most important. version of this laser system be fitted in the. one diagnostic system is far from an off. be monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics physical diagnostics. technological diagnostics. give us a clear picture of the things happening inside the reactor. given the experimental nature if. you will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which have been developed in russia three in the institute three in the institute and three in the institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x.

rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. unfortunately we can't cover them all but check out a few. institute is also working on the field side reflect the system we sense michael. and use the extent to which they reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma a wide range of frequencies they used which allows them to take a cross-section and see the distribution within this system is tested using this full wave. but the main challenge different way frequencies down the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with the talk of mark. so we decided to start by installing diagnostic sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full. ray machine results. this is

a full scale replica of the institute diverted. the six ton device would be located just one point five meters away from the whole. business and only a two centimeter gap in. the diverts helps maintain the purity of the plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the. vertical gamma ray camera registers the gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information to measure the confinement of the alpha particles generated during fusion. play a crucial role in producing a burning plasma which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any power. to institute is also building this neutral particle. concentrations. energy. isotopes deviation from.

the reactor this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics nuclear installations for a number of decades now. we've dozens of instruments operating on this principle and supplied them to our foreign partners. institute is also located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were. clearly working on pas make mission systems for the. night is generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they're also developing. to take control. from overheating if this happens

a small explosive charge in the pirate bay could detonate causing a small and medium brings to expunge and completed by prosecutes which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed for the ether that must be supplied on time some of the needed to ensure the experiment safety. among them the technology is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber. system and some chamber elements. this panel is part of the inside wall of the is made up of lots of little tiles like this one. consists of a layer of tungsten papa. and the inside wall have over one million of them and six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and the sun them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can get into three thousand degrees c. but still it's less than fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as

inside the talking mark. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering challenge the heat is subjected to the sequence of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough. to grade the structural integrity of the wall this testing chamber contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure it's capable of dissipating all these heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can two stand with a melting point to three and a half thousand degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. most of the held in the plasma only a few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the particles drops significantly which means that the fates attention the wall is subjected to these also lowered the water cooling the juicing steam. we strive to produce electricity. this is

a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example the high energy laser mirrors rocket. vehicle fairing and thermal protection high energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area that. the money makes it has to be adopted especially for. this laser welding machine is used to create seamless joints and stainless steel water cooling system traditional welding techniques there are no impurities in the well splashes of molten metal morning after the break.

so we leave the people. bush and security. issues that no one is asking with the guests that you deserve answers from. politics. plt right on the scene playing the first string. and i think butcher. on our reporters twitter. and instagram.

live in the no limit on mom. play it was a. very hard to take a plunge again there is a place that has sex with her make their lives. live. live. live live live. live live. live. live. for the people.

i think that the pakistani military does realize that the ballot box have become a problem for box bond but it is just too late the taliban have sunk deep roots in marcus and it's very difficult to meet the enemy. when it was previously your friend and your ph. little. led. a lot of the work for each day as we count out here in st petersburg and what better place to come in the institute which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home to the country's newest talk of the globe.

of himself which is a senior research at the ofer institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab as well as developing many diagnostic systems for each of the institutions also bill to talk a mark of its own it uses a device to study possible behavior as well as test repeating systems place not like any talk we've seen before. the global sam is a spherical talk it's also the new eastern russia i was built entirely in st petersburg it's more compact mencia dish will talk about it's so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the past mean currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzler much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we can this type of talk mark making it harder to reach required possible density is certainly not without its uses. as far as the energy industry is concerned

research is a currently designing a hybrid reactor that's a token mark or a spherical talk i'm back in our case is used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those false neutrons say used to irradiate spent unspent nuclear fuel with the like what's normally used in classic fission reactors. isn't just providing the technology for a lot of the money a function is being carried out here as well one of the country's speciality is the super so that's why it's joined forces with five other countries to produce coils for. my next existence bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my nets a cable for each for the length of eight hundred meters. we are very.

stable from sample the sample. is stable. and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting produce so that you mechanical factory and then send seven hundred fifty miles hits of adults where they are cleaned and. the why is it then won't put you strong which in turn around five times to produce a case of the first sentence is the stick. is then about in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half to school transportation. to the minus will be assembled in the test giant money to simply facilitate a pump for more money for russia. eighteen superconducting to oil field and six field goals essential solenoids on the sets of correction the confined shape

and control the plus me inside the box vessel. is an ancient russian city not only known for its keep track beauty and rich history but its reputation for science the research and manufacturers is known far outside russia's borders. facility. is responsible. producing nine out of the twenty four. were invented in russia in one thousand nine hundred sixty four now called the nice thing north good at least you took pride physics. now used in the vast majority of talk of marx throughout the world as heating the puzzler without them would be next to impossible. he says twenty four gyra trying to locate it in a secretarial day one hundred fifty meters away from. the electromagnetic waves to

do so he sends by a long way for guys in syria to help in the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we see each as a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing. the year two thousand and twenty there are a regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell to all three. under other contracts in the same period. gyro is locked into circle untrimmed is taken from electron so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional electrons. beams of electrons are accelerated towards a cavity where a strong when they see the field is applying the interaction between the rotating motion of the electrons and the most basic field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line straight cannot support the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the customer causing it so he talked a bit like a microwave heats water enjoy it also has

a stabilizing effect on the puzzler helping prolong the length of the reaction and therefore the energy produced so that all these benefits demand for jerry jones is pretty high at the moment. of orders from germany china and japan but in the meantime it looks like we have another such five customer. reveal. the project therefore. i hope i have the confidence. this quarter. it's a project. there is. over a project there for. the perfect before returning to france. physics where the office of diamond windows for the. highly conductive resulting power loss and they don't.

they don't come cheap the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros or so may say that the countries of simply blown the money away so those see the benefits of the project for the next couple of decades the money now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world. international cooperation at its best peaceful use of nuclear. and protection of the environment most of the money invested in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which have already. there's no doubt there's a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future. enjoy the right.

his name was joseph good because he was nazi germany's minister of propaganda the midst that he created exists to this day. hubris gerbils propaganda was actually trying to denigrate other nations while at the same time raising ordinary german soldier students who could. keep its complete use of goebbels new precisely what the masses need to hear in order to make them follow him he was like the pipe paper from the fairy tale that made the rats fall to the tune of the spite of. the myths created by the chief nazi ideologist bound for thomas saw in the west we have to fight these myths today in memory of those who was in the second world war.

ok. did you know the price is the only industry specifically mentioned in the constitution and. that's because a free and open process is critical to our democracy albus. role. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and across a cynical we've been hijacked why a handful of transnational corporations will profit by destroying what our founding fathers once told to us i'm job market and on this show we reveal the big picture of what's actually going on in the world we go beyond identifying the problem trucks rational debate and a real discussion of critical issues facing their five different job ready to join the movement then walk away from the big picture.

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street. ukraine's president signs up for closer ties with the e.u. but it was his predecessors failure to join the club which ignited the deadly february revolution and the ongoing ob conflict in ukraine's defined east. just before would set to expire ukraine's president and anti-government fighters in the east extend a ceasefire for another three days but it's a truce that's already seen both civilians and national guard fighters killed in the latest confrontation. syria's embattled rebels are now in line for five hundred million dollars military aid package from the u.s. but there are fears the weapons could end up on the wrong side of the barricades. also in the latest.