threat to very existence between the state and work on it is a different game. alone welcome said old your date's is the end of all it's all but not supposing it must go but luckily for us the sun hasn't finished everywhere so we thought we pop culbut go in search of a song winter's knocking at moscow's door but we're not ready to die alone johns just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibe the culture and see what's going on in the world of technology fronts was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite its opponents in power the country is still

looking for new energy sources and even has to bring the power that drives the song down so. there's a lot of energy in france and i'm not just talking about the street dunces the country ranks second in the world in terms of nuclear power stations but with growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it so ministers from around the world have come to discuss a possible shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen on the way france has almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the country's energy needs only stations have produced well over one million cubic meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature it's the process by which heavy elements play. for lighter

elements that has been created by mankind to make our stations a nuclear bomb it's. typical reaction a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements of neutrons giving off energy unfortunately its also uses a large amounts of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on the other hand is nature's atomic power you just have to look at the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction hydrogen isotopes in this district tarion confined to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutrons and lots of energy because most importantly fusion gives off hardly any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave a report on things we could do together and on ways to do them back in one nine

hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today as a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the work after that basically followed this plan which you. really have suggests that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit one thousand nine hundred eighty five he discussed it with president reagan and the international thermonuclear experimental reactor project was born in europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and joined the project along with japan in two thousand and six the agreement to build and decommission was signed and promised finally broke in two thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g locating. in the south of france is one of the most ambitious international

scientific collaboration is ever undertaken in the e.u. india japan and china russia south korea and the u.s. representing over one hoth of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy even the groundwork for the project is a feat in itself that each test site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world to access roads from the poles have all been reinforced to support the weight of the deliveries and five thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country alone. this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components is supplied at the right time

compatibility issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's core is fifteen million degrees centigrade this combined with this huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect some fights that it fuses six hundred twenty million tons of hydrogen every second construction is complete the real fun starts at the heart of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the center of the sun. equally charged so to overcome that not sure which happens so easily in the sun they need to be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum at this temperature they form a possum which is confined to detroit or donut shaped magnetic field an electric current through the plasma to help heat on the walls of the chamber have to be built to. the intense heat and vacuum conditions and this magical device that can

create stars is called a talker mark but it's not a new invention. is a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion so i went to the state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and the talent for nuclear physics. a little princess was the first person propose confining past an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty brodie's i.d.'s in a letter to stalin but never received a reply but a second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and he's invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of an ego to tom and they were impressed by his originality and boldness

sucker of recommended that work canoe cliff fusion get started straight away but you find as i did using a circular magnetic field instead of physicist eager to quit shots or gave a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach in progress the world was impressed by the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic plasma containment device the t one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven the t. three which both sucker of and tom had been working on was completed in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight it's achieved record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk about to become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk amounts began to spring up all over the world. some of the most notable include the joints european taurus or jets in the u.k. which if the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk of mark is currently being used to test a. japan is j c sixty which holds the record for the highest possible time

and temperature ratio on the c.s.t. on america which means to heat the plasma to a mindblowing five hundred ten million degrees c. despite these advances no talking mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it used to start the reaction. at the to is not a film or a nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been sold and that thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial needs if you get a problem with. the alternatives to talk among the stellar rates it was invent see nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't run a current through the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was

a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with a vengeance trying seven takes initial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered lasers to heat a compressed hydrogen fuel pellets and ignite a fusion reaction although exciting from a theoretical point of view it can be tricky to extract power from this method. there's also the talk about turned out to be the most practical plasma confinement system and the fact that these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk of marcus will one proves it. the first ever talk of mock the team one was built right at the coast chasa ski institute in moscow. the institute is named after eagle of course shots of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the heats have projects. she's now home says he wants distant descendant which was built almost forty years

ago and is the largest talk among currently operating in russia that see time has generated around ninety thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for each. firstly it will use this tocome up to test out new technologies once the test that we can apply them in a big scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods for me this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet exist and millions are eager to develop them and some of these diagnostic tools will be developed here. this is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something see the possibility of naked eye but if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is why they have this being generator generates a sense of being

a neutral part schools through the plasma which course it's on the go a series of spectral changes the beam and comes out of the plasma sensors fiber optic cable the constant beam is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter the beam then goes through this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the spectrometer that send all this information to a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these properties that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. field strength and rotation speed of the. measurements these are the most important. and to. be fitted in the. one diagnostic system is far from enough.

it's a must be monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics. technological diagnostics. two of the things happening inside the reactor were. given experimental nature if. you will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which have been developed here in russia in the institute three in the institute and three in the institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x. rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. and fortunately we can cover them all. a few. institute is also working on the field side system. and use the extent to which they reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma

a wide range of frequencies are used to take a cross-section and see the density distribution within this system is tested using this full. wave. but the main challenge the different way frequency is done the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with the talk of mark. so we decided to start by installing diagnostic sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full range of diagnostic results. this is a full scale replica of the. device would be located just point five meters away from the whole. business and only a two centimeter gap in the. helps maintain the purity of the place an

important role in ensuring the safety operation of the. this. is the gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information used to measure the confinement of the alpha particles generate. fusion particles play a crucial role in producing a burning plasma which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any heating power. the institute is also building these neutral particle. concentrations. ionizers them. energy to identify the isotopes any deviation from. the fish and see if he reacts this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics nuclear installations for

a number of decades now we've produced dozens of instruments operating on this principle and supplied them to our foreign partners. institute he's also located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were up to might seem he's clearly working on plans make mission systems for the. night his generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they also develop the least. protect the superconducting magnets from overheating. a small explosive charge in the pyre break could detonate causing a small a minion brings to expand and complete the bypass circuits which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed must be supplied on time some of the

needed to ensure the experiment safety. among them the technology is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber. the chamber elements. this. panel is part of the inside wall of the taco mark is made up of lots of little tiles like this one each tile consists of a layer of tungsten copper bronze and the inside wall have over one million of them and six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and they send them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can hear them to three thousand degrees c. but still its essence fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as inside the talking mark. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering challenge the heat is subjected to the sequence of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough the neutral. degrades the

structural integrity of the wall this testing shaper contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure it's capable of dissipating all these heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can two stand with a melting point to three and a half thousand degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. most of the held in the plasma only a few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the. which means that the fates attention the. lowered the water cooling the. steam turbines to produce electricity. this is a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example the high energy

laser mirrors. vehicle fairing protection high energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area. with. a lot of the money. to be adopted especially for. this laser welding machine. there are no impurities in the weld. metal. after the break. place it was

a compliment very hard to take on the lips again a little long here is a place that has sex with the perfect hair looks let's play. lists lists lists lists. plug right on the scene plug search triplets and i bring the turkey

leg on our reporters split her mum against the leg lead me in the leg on mum. but. you know that you know the price is the only industry specifically mention in the constitution and. that's because a free and open process is critical to our democracy albus. role. in fact the single biggest threat facing our nation today is the corporate takeover of our government and across a cynical we've been a hydrogen lying handful of transnational corporations that will profit by destroying what our founding fathers once all just i'm job market and on this show we reveal the big picture of what's actually going on in the world we go beyond

identifying the problem trucks rational debate and a real discussion critical issues facing america by never go ready to join the movement then walk a little bit. too . much to. a lot of the work for eats as we count out here in st petersburg a lot better place to come in the e.u. also institutes which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home to the country's newest talk the global. shots of himself which is a senior research at the ofer institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab

as well as developing many diagnostic systems for the to the institution's also built to talk a mark of its own it uses a device to study possible behavior as well as test some old silly heating systems police not like any talk about we've seen before. the global sam is a spherical talk among it's also the new eastern russia i was built entirely in st petersburg it's more come time in tradition. talk much so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the past main currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzler much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we create this type of talk mark making it harder to reach required pozen the density is certainly not without its uses. as far as the energy industry is concerned research is a currently designing a hybrid reactor that's a token mark or a spherical talk i'm back in

a case it's used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those votes in your home say used to irradiate spent unspent nuclear fuel. normally used in just six fission reactors. isn't just providing a lot of technology for a lot of the money a function is being carried out here as well one of the country's speciality superconductors so that's why it's joined forces with five other countries to produce coils but he says to royal and my next systems bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my nets a cable for each for the length of over eight hundred meters you want school but. we are very pleased that a superconductor such a stable characteristics. around the does them get a high and then for. a stable up from sample the sample. means of production

method is stable. and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting why is a producer that you pissed mechanical fire chief and then sent seven hundred fifty miles hates if adults where they are cleaned and could steam chrome the why is it then wont to produce trans which in turn around five. times to produce a case for first sentences the state. is then dropped in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half to school for transportation. to the money it will be assembled in the test giant money to simply facility. which will be money for russia. eighteen superconducting two oil fields and six political field calls essential so annoyed on the sets of correction calls that can find shape and control the placement inside the box and vessel. is an ancient russian city not

only known for its picturesque beauty and rich history but its reputation for science the research and manufacturing is known far outside russia's borders. the end of august this year. production facility. is responsible for producing nine out of the twenty four. were invented in russia in one thousand nine hundred sixty four. physics. are used in the vast majority of the world. next to impossible. twenty four gyra trying to be located in a separate building one hundred fifty meters away from. the electromagnetic waves the producer of the senate trial wave guys into the reactor helping keep the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we see each as a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing. the year two

thousand and twenty the regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell to. other contracts in the same period. gyro is likely to circle is taken from so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional. electrons. beams of elections are accelerated towards a cavity where strong when they see the field is a plant the interaction between the rotating motion of the electrons and the magnetic field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line most likely not. the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the cosmos causing it to talk a bit like a microwave heats water enjoy it also has a stabilizing effect on the pulse helping prolong the length of the reaction and therefore the energy produced all these benefits demand for joe johns is pretty high at the moment. of orders from germany china and japan was in the meantime it

looks like we have a new the satisfied customer that. revealed. the project therefore. i have the confidence. it's correct amount to the project and also already there is leaving room for over a project there for results for sure. since the excess over the project before returning to france was gina visited the institute of applied physics where the artificial diamond windows for the gyre transiting produced highly conductive results in very little policy and they don't look that bad either but i bet they don't come cheap the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros or so may say that the countries of simply blown the money away but the will see the benefits of the project for the next couple of

decades the money put into it now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world is a sterling example of international cooperation at its best and of the peaceful use of nuclear power for the advancement of mankind and protection of the environment most of the money invested in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which. already been such an endeavor into the unknown there's no doubt there's a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future but until then enjoy the right. to put. his name was because he was nazi germany's minister of propaganda the myths that he

created exist to this day. it was the gerbils propaganda was posing are simply trying to denigrate other nations while at the same time raising ordinary german self-esteem who. keep its complete use of goebbels new precisely what the masses need to hear in order to make them follow him he was like the pipe paper from the fairy tale who made the rats follow the chain of his plight. the myths created by the chief nazi ideologist bound for tal saw in the west we have to fight these myths today in memory of those who walked in the second world war. dramas that can't be ignored. to the. stories others refuse to notice. food since changed the world.

food picture of today's leaves. from around the globe. for evolution to go straight from being a violent outside of the existing order to being a well run from ocracy is impossible it just won't happen because the act of the revolution is so violent that there are the aftershocks are so great that there is a fear of chaos. we speak your language. news programs and documentaries in spanish matters to you breaking news a little too late to angles keep these stories. for you here.

in the spanish find out more visit. washington launches its drones in the skies over baghdad as western diplomats try to persuade kurds to remain part of the rock and fight the jihad of isis. truce is extended in eastern ukraine with both military and self-defense fighters fighting to cease fall for the next day. u.s. city of detroit close to a humanitarian crisis with the u.n. accusing local flora of human rights violations cutting off water supplies for the poor. nato secretary general anders fogh rasmussen prepares to leave his post as we report on the shady deals which allowed.