ignore it. we post only what really matters at r.t. to your facebook news feed. alone welkin said old europe dates is the end of all it's all but not so closing in moscow but luckily for us the summer hasn't finished everywhere so we thought we pop culture by going straight to the song winter is knocking at moscow's door but we're not ready to die alone johns just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibe the culture and see what's going on in the world of technology fronts was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite this abundance in power the country is still looking for new energy sources and even hosting the power that drives the song. there's

a lot of energy in france and i'm not just talking about the street dunces the country ranks second in the world in terms of nuclear power stations but with a growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it so ministers from around the world have come to discuss a possible shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen on the way france has almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the country's energy needs only stations have produced well over one million cubic meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature it's the process by which heavy elements split to form lighter elements and has been created by mankind to make polling stations and nuclear bombs. typical reaction

a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements and neutrons giving off energy unfortunately its also uses a large amount of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on the other hand is nature's atomic power just have to look at the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction hydrogen isotopes in this district team and you terry and combine to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutron and lots of energy but perhaps most importantly the fusion gives off hardly any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave a report on things we could do together and on ways to do them back in one nine hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today as

a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the work after that basically followed this plan which you. suggest that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit one thousand nine hundred eighty five he discussed it with president reagan and the international thermonuclear experimental reactor project was born europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and joined the project along with japan in two thousand and six the cream and to build run and decommission was signed and dramas finally broke in two thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g locating color rush in the south of france is one of the most ambitious international scientific collaboration is ever undertaken. the e.u.

india japan and china russia south korea and the us representing over one hoth of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy given the ground work for the project is a feat in itself that each test site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world to access roads from the poles have all been reinforced to support the weight of the deliveries and five thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country alone. this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components are supplied at the right time compatibility issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these

problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's core is fifteen million degrees centigrade this combined with these huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect in fights that the fuse is six hundred twenty million tons of hydrogen every second construction is complete the real fun starts in the hearts of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the sense of the sun. due to. charged so to overcome the natural repulsion which happens so easily in the sun they need to be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum at this temperature they form a plaza which is confined to detroit all four donut shaped magnetic field an electric current through the plasma to help heat it on the walls of the chamber have to be built to withstand the intense heat in vacuum conditions and this magical device that can create stars is talk amuck. it is not a new invention. is

a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion so i went to the state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and the talent for nuclear physics. alexandrians here was the first person proposed from fun past in an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty wrote his ideas in a letter to stalin but never received a reply but the second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and he's invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of tom and they were impressed by his original r.t. and boldness sucker of recommended that we're canoe cliff fusion get started straight away but to find eleven inches i did using a secure magnetic field instead of physicist eagle chris shots of gave

a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach in progress the world was impressed the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic plasma containment device the t. one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven the teeth three which both sucker of and tom had been working on was completed in one nine hundred sixty eight it's a huge record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk of my quest to become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk of marx began to sprinkle all over the world are. some of the most notable include the joints european taurus or jets in the u.k. which if the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk amount is currently being used to test a wall lining for. japan's j.t. sixty which holds the record for the highest plasma time. density and temperature

ratio on t.n.t. on america which means to heat the plasma to a mind going five hundred ten million degrees c. despite these advances no talk of mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it used to start the reaction. at the to is not a thermo nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been solved and that thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial mates if you get a problem with. the alternatives to talk among the stellar rates it was invented nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't run a current through the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with a fine seventy six initial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered lasers to

heat a compressed hydrogen fuel pellets and ignite a fusion reaction although exciting from a theoretical point of view it can be tricky to extract power from this method. there's also the talk about turned out to be the most practical plasma confinements system. these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk proves it. the first ever talk of mark the team one was built right at the could chose to ski institute in moscow. the institute is named after a good coach shots of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the project. now holmes says he wants distant descendant which was built almost forty years ago and is the largest talk among currently operating in russia that see time has generated around ninety

thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for the task. firstly it will use this tocome up to test out new technologies once that does that we can apply them in a bigger scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods for me this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet exist and millions are eager to develop them and some of these diagnostic tools will be developed here but it was our facility. the taco mike is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something see the possibility of naked eye but if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is where the hope is being generator that generates a sense of being a neutral part schools through the plaza which cause it's on the go a series of spectral changes to be human comes out of the plasma sensors five optic

cable the constant being is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter the beam then go through this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the spectrum of this and all this information through a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these pulses that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. the electric field strength and rotation speed of the. measurements these are the most important part. but one diagnostic system is far from enough. the monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics. physical diagnostics. technological

diagnostics and. diagnostics give us a clear picture of the things happening inside the reactor. given the experimental nature if. you will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which have been developed here in russia. institute three in the institute and three in the institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x. rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. unfortunately we can't cover them all checkouts a few. is also working on the field side reflects the system we sense michael. and use the extent to which they reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma a wide range of frequencies are used to take a cross-section and see that the distribution with this system is tested using this

full. wave. but the main challenge different way frequencies down the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with the talk of mark. so we decided to start by installing diagnostic sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full. re-image diagnostic results. this is a full scale replica of the. system for. the six ton device would be located just one point five meters away from the. business and only a two centimeter gap in the. diverts helps maintain the purity of the place an important role in ensuring the safety of the. this. is the

gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information to measure the confinement of the alpha particles generated during fusion. play a crucial role in producing a burning plasma which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any power. to institute is also building this neutral particle. concentrations. in energy. isotopes deviation from. this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics nuclear installations for a number of decades now. we've dozens of instruments operating on this principle

and supplied them to our foreign partners. institute he's also located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were up to might seem he's currently working on plans make mission systems for that. generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they also develop. to take the super control. from overheating if this happens a small explosive charge in the pirate bay could detonate causing a small and medium brings to expand and complete a bypass circuits which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed for the ether that must be supplied on time some of the needed to ensure the experiments safety. among them the technology

is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber the palaces the chamber elements. this panel is part of the inside wall of the is made up of lots of little tiles like this one is tall consists of a layer of tungsten copper i'm wrong and the inside wall have over one million of them and six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and the sun them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can get into three thousand degrees c. but still it's less than fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as inside the talk of. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering challenge the heat is subjected to the sequence of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter on the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough the. story degrades the structural integrity of the wall this to cinch a bit contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure

it's capable of dissipating all these heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can two stand with a melting point to three and a half thousand degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. kids most of the pond schools are held in the plaza only a few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the particles drops significantly which means that the fates in terms of the wall is subjected to these also lowered the water cooling the walls juicing steam. which drives a turbine to produce electricity. this is a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example high energy laser mirrors rocket nozzles. vehicle ferentz and family protection high

energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area. a lot of the money has to be adopted especially for. this laser welding machine is used to create seamless joints and. traditional welding techniques there are no impurities in the weld of molten metal. after the break. plenty of it was terrible they were i'm very hard to make i don't plan to get along here there's

a plug in that had sex with the earthquake there are no plans let's play. lists the m lists. lists a bit. of a. right from the scene. first straight. and i think the church.

on our reporters twitter. and instagram. to be in the know. on mom. as a new physician i swear to abide by the hippocratic oath. to the best of my ability and judgment. i will prescribe for the good of my patients. i will not give deadly doses to anybody. or advise others to do so. i will never do harm to any. doctors of the dogs. to. choose your language. calling me

a killer though if they still. choose the the consensus to. choose the opinions that invigorating to. choose the stories that entire life choose access to often. a lot of the work for each as we count out here in st petersburg and what better place to come in the institute which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home to the country's newest talk of the global. church of himself which is a senior research at the ofer institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab

as well as developing many diagnostic systems for he said the institutions also built to talk of its own it uses a device to study possible behavior as well as tests or heating systems police not like any talk we've seen before. the global sam is a spherical talk it's also the new east in russia i was built entirely in st petersburg is more compartment traditional talk much so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the past mean currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzler much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we can this type of talk much making it harder to reach required possible density is certainly not without its uses. as far as the energy industry is concerned research is a currently designing a hybrid reactor that's a token mark or

a spherical talk i'm back in our case it's used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those false neutrons say used to radiate spent unspent nuclear fuel with the blood clots normally used in classic fission reactors. isn't just providing a lot of technology for a lot of the money a function is being carried out here as well one of the country's speciality is the simple so that's why it's joined forces with five other countries to produce. six systems bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my nets a cable for each for the length of eight hundred meters. we have very superconductors of each. takes. to sample the sample. is stable.

and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting producer that you passed mechanical far cheaper and then sent seven hundred fifty miles hates it but they are cleaned and. the why is it then wont to produce trans which until now want five times to produce a cable for sentences the stick. is then about in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half ton school for transportation. most of the monies will be assembled in the test giant money to simply facilitate a pub which will be money for russia. eighteen superconducting to oil field and six field goals essential solenoids on the sets of correction calls that can find shape and control the placement inside the box and vessel. is an ancient

russian city not only known for its beauty and rich history but its reputation for science the research and manufacturing is known far outside russia's borders. production facility. is responsible. producing nine out of the twenty four. were invented in russia in one thousand nine hundred sixty four now called the nice thing north good at least she took pride physics. now used in the vast majority of talking marks throughout the world as teaching the puzzle without them will be next to impossible. he says twenty four gyra trying to be located in a separate building one hundred fifty meters away from. the electromagnetic waves the producer be sent by a long way for guys in syria to help in the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we see each as

a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing. the year two thousand and twenty there are a regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell to all three. under other contracts in the same period. gyro is locked into circle untrimmed is taken from electron so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional electrons. beams of elections are accelerated towards a cavity where a strong message field is applied the interaction between the rotating motion of the electrons and the most basic field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line like an optical beam the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the customer causing it to talk a bit like a microwave heats water. also has a stabilizing effect on the puzzler helping prolong the length of the reaction and therefore the energy produced so that all these benefits demand for joe johns is pretty high at the moment and he's currently working on orders from germany china

and japan but in the meantime it looks like we have another such five customer. review. the project therefore. i hope i have the confidence. is correct and. and. it's a project and. there is a leading member of the project therefore he's out. of the first act before returning to france. by physics where the artificial diamond windows for the produced highly conductive results in very little power and they don't. but i bet they don't come cheap the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros so may say that the countries have simply blown the money away so the will see the benefits of the project for the

next couple of decades the money now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world. example of international cooperation at its best and the peaceful use of nuclear power for the advancement of mankind and protection of the environment most of the money invested in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which have countless uses already. known there's no doubt there's a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future but until then enjoy the right. this is what we do we kill people and break things we can see something if simple

as people playing a soccer game you can see individual players and if you see the ball. i can almost see his facial expression because c. is a mouth open and crying out. maybe cursed us or maybe he asked. for forgiveness for a house. there must be near certainty that no civilians will be killed or injured. dramas the chance to be ignored to the. stories of others to refuse to notice. faces change the world lights now.

on full picture of today's leaves my own two sides from around the globe. up to. fifty. join me. in that impartial and financial commentary interview and much. only on bombast and on.

our headlines this hour the kurds use the security chaos in iraq to capture economically vital energy sites while planning to hold a referendum on finally having their own independence day. ukraine's president extends the truce with government forces for three more days both sides vowed to all pull the ceasefire but stray shells from sporadic fighting keep hitting the russian border. police brutally put down another world cup workers protests which have been demonstrating against labor conditions that rights groups describe as nothing short of horrific. on the u.n. this calling massive water cut offs in the u.s. city of detroit.