we can see something is simple as people playing a soccer game you can see individual players and you can see the ball. you can almost see a spatial expression you can see is a mouth open and crying out. maybe cursed us or maybe he asked. for forgiveness for. there must be near certainty that no civilians will be killed or injured. right on the scene. first strike you and i were being put. on our reporter's twitter. and instagram.

to be in the no one on. each to try. alone welcome such an old joke dates is the end of all it's all but not supposing incurable scope but luckily for us the someone hasn't finished everywhere so we story pop called bikes i'm going to set up a song winces knocking at moscow's dole when nobody's done a long johns just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibes a culture and see what's going on in the world of technology fronts was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite this upon the same power the country is still looking for new energy sources and even has to bring the power that drives the song down so well. there's

a lot of energy in france and i'm not just talking about the street don says the country ranks second in the world in terms of nuclear power stations but with growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it so many says from around the world have come to discuss a possible shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen on the way france has almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the country's energy needs only stations have produced well over one million cubic meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature it's the process by which heavy elements split to form lighter elements and has been created by mankind to make poa stations a nuclear bomb. typical reaction

a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements and neutrons giving off energy fortunately it's also uses a large amounts of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on the other hand is nature's atomic power you just have to look at the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction hydrogen isotopes in this case cherry and combine to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutron and lots of energy because most importantly the fusion gives off hardly any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave a report on things we could do together and on ways to do that back in one nine hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today. as

a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the work after that basically followed this plan which you. really have suggests that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit in one thousand nine hundred eighty five he discussed it with president reagan and the international expansion to react to project was ball in europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and joined the project along with japan in two thousand and six the agreement to build and decommission was signed and dramas finally broken in two thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g locating cut in the south of france is one of the most ambitious international scientific collaboration is ever undertaken the e.u.

india japan and china russia south korea and the u.s. representing over one half of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy given the ground work for the project is a feat in itself that each site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world to access roads from the poles of all the lean force to support the weight of the deliveries and five thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country alone. since this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components are supplied at the right time compatibility issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these

problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's core is fifteen million degrees centigrade this combined with its huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect thing fights that it fuses six hundred twenty million tons of hydrogen every second once construction is complete the real fun starts at the heart of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the sense of the sun here on earth due to human traits equally charged so to overcome the not sure portion which happens so easily in the sun they need to be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum at this temperature they form a plasma which is confined to detroit dog or donut shaped the only magnetic field on electric currents is run through the plasma to help heat it on the walls of the chamber have to be built to withstand the intense heat in the vacuum conditions and this magical device that can create stars is called a talker mark but it's not a new invention. is

a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion so i went to the state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and the talent for nuclear physics. a little prince here was the first person proposed from one possum an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty votes in a letter to stalin but never received a reply but the second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and he's invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of tom and they were impressed by his original r.t. and boldness sucker of recommended that will continue cliff fusion get started straight away but you find they're using a circular magnetic. instead physicist eager to close shots of gave

a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach in progress the world was impressed the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic plasma containment device the t one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven the teeth three which both sucker of and tom had been working on was completed in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight it's a huge record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk about to become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk amounts began to sprinkle all over the world. some of the most notable include the joints european taurus or jets and u.k. which achieve the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk amount is currently being used to test. japan's j c sixty which holds the record for the highest possible time density and temperature ratio on the t.f.t.

on america which managed to heat the plasma to a mindblowing five hundred ten million degrees c. despite these advances no talking mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it used to start the reaction. is not a nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been so thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial needs if you get a problem with. the alternatives to talk to mark the stellar rate it was in one thousand nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't run a current through the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with a bend in seven eggs. inertial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered

lasers to heat a compressed tight ship fuel pellets and ignite a fusion reaction although exciting from a theoretical point of view it can be tricky to extract power from this method. turned out to be the most practical plasma confinements system. these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk proves it. the first ever talk of mark the team one was built right at the could chose to ski institute in moscow. the institute is named after a group of course shots of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the project the institution is now home since he was distant descendent which was built almost forty years ago and is the largest currently operating in russia the teatime has generated around ninety

thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for. firstly it will use this tocome up to test out new technologies once that does that we can apply them in a big scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods for me this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet exist and millions are eager to develop them and some of these diagnostic tools will be developed here for the facility where the talk is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something see the possibility of naked eye but if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is where the hope is being generator that generates a sense of being a neutral particles through the plaza which cause it's on the go a series of spectral changes the beam and comes out of the plasma center is five

optic cable the constant being is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter the beam then goes through this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the spectrometer that send all this information to a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these properties that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. the electric field strength and rotation speed of the. measurements these are the most important. and. fitted in the. one diagnostic system is far from enough. monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics. physical

diagnostics technological diagnostics. give us a clear picture of the things happening inside the reactor. given the experimental nature if. you will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which have been developed here in russia. institute three in the institute and three in the chain institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x. rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. unfortunately we can't cover them all check out a few. institute is also working on the field side system since michael. and uses the extent to which they are reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma a wide range of frequencies are used which allows them to take a cross-section and see that the distribution within this system is tested using

this full. wave. but the main challenge different way frequencies down the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with a talk a mark. so we decided to start by installing diagnostics sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full. ray machine results. this is a full scale replica of the institute's divert. the six ton device would be located just one point five meters away from the. business and only a two centimeter gap in the. diverts helps maintain the purity of the plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the. registers the gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information used to measure the

confinements of the alpha particles generated during fusion. play a crucial role in producing a burning plasma which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any power. to institute is also building this neutral particle. concentrations. in energy. isotopes deviation from. this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics. for a number of decades now we've dozens of instruments operating on this principle and

supplied them to our foreign partners. institute is located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were. clearly working on pas make mission systems for. generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they also. protect the super control. magnets from overheating if these small explosive charge in the prior break could detonate causing a small a million brings to expunge and completes a bypass circuits which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed for the ether that must be supplied on time some of the needed to ensure the experiment safety. among them the technology is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber. system and some chamber

elements with. this panel is part of the inside wall of the talk a mark is made up of lots of little tiles like this one. consists of a layer of tungsten copper bronze and the inside wall have over one million of them and six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and the sun them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can hear them to three thousand degrees c. but still it's s m fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as inside the talking mark. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering challenge the heat is subjected to the sequence of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough. to grade the structural integrity of the wall this to cinch a book contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure

it's capable of dissipating all this heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can two stand with a melting point to three and a half thousand degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. kids most of the pond schools are held in the plaza only a few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the particles drops significantly which means that the face of tension the wall is subjected to these also lowered the water cooling the juicing steam. which drives a turbine to produce electricity. this is a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example high energy laser mirrors rocket nozzles. vehicle fairing and thermal protection high

energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area that. the money had to be adopted especially for. this laser welding machine is used to create seamless joints and. traditional welding techniques there are no impurities in the weld of molten metal. after the break. i. don't think the united states plan for ousting in a college neither did russia i think fine for taking control of our crimea and yet there we have a major crisis on our hands. do you think that is likely to be resolved in some sort of constructive way now because. this is the last change in borders that

happens this way that i'm not saying will be forgotten but you know people upon that themselves and the reality is if it turns out though this was the first step of this is going to go on indefinitely. threaten very existence between the state and work under the different. forever new should to go straight from being a violent. both the existing order to being a well run from crissy is impossible it just won't happen because the acts of the revolution is that there are off the show a so great that there is a period of chaos. since the end of the cold war the media environment has transformed almost beyond

recognition today there is a global battle for hearts and minds and the west mainstream media is losing. touch. a lot of the work for eats as we count out here in st petersburg and what better place to come than the e.o. for institute which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home to the country's newest talk of the global. church of himself which is

a senior research at the ofer institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab as well as developing many diagnostic systems for each at the institute has also built a talk a mark of its own it uses a device to study plasma behavior as well as test sample delivery heating systems place not like any talk that we've seen before. the global sam is a spherical talk among it's also the newest in russia and was built entirely in st petersburg is more compact lynch additional talking marks so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the past main currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzling much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we can this type of talk a mark making it harder to reach required plasma density is certainly not without its uses. as far as the energy industry is concerned

research is a currently designing a hybrid reactor that's a token mark or a spherical talk i'm back in our case it's used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those of us neutrons say used to irradiate spent unspent nuclear fuel with the blood clots normally used in just six fission reactors. isn't just providing a lot of the technology to eat a lot of the money a function is being carried out here as well one of the country's speciality superconductors so that's why he's joined forces with five. other countries. and systems bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my nets a cable for each for the length of eight hundred meters. we are very pleased that there's a bunch. from

sample the sample. is stable. and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting. mechanical fire. and then send seven hundred fifty miles hits at the door where they are cleaned and. the why is it then wanted to strongs which in turn around five times to produce a cable first sentences thick. is then about in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half ton school for transportation. to the money it will be assembled in the test giant money to. a pulp from one which will be money for russia. eighteen superconducting to oil field and six field goals essential solenoid on the sets of correction the confined shape and control the placement inside the box and

vessel. is an ancient russian city not only known for its key beauty and rich history but its reputation for science the research and manufacturing is known far outside russia's borders. production facility. is responsible for nine out of the twenty four. thousand nine hundred sixty four. physics. no used in the vast majority of talk of marx throughout the world as heating the poznan without them would be next to impossible. he says twenty four gyra trying to be located in a separate building one hundred fifty meters away from the reactor the electromagnetic waves the producer the sense trial being waved right since he reacts helping the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we

see each as a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing ga trains for the year two thousand and twenty the regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell to all three. under other contracts in the same period the gyro is locked into circle untrimmed is taken from electron so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional electrons image. beams of elections are accelerating towards a covered c. well strong when they see the field is applying the interaction between the rotating motion of the electrons and the most basic field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line striking up support beam the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the customer causing it to talk a bit like a microwave heats water enjoy it also has a stabilizing effect on the puzzler helping prolong the length of the reaction and therefore the energy produced so that all these benefits demand could joe johns is

pretty high at the moment he's currently working on orders from germany china and japan but in the meantime it looks like we have another such fight customer. review. the project therefore. i hope i have the confidence. this quarter meant to the project and also already there is a leading member of the project therefore results for share our cello. perfect before returning to france. physics where the artificial diamond. produced highly conductive resulting power and they don't. they don't come cheap the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros

so may say that the countries have simply blown the money away so those see the benefits of the project for the next couple of decades the money now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world. international cooperation at its best peaceful use. and protection of the environment most of the money invested in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which have already. known there's no doubt there's a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future. enjoy the right.

his name was joseph he was nazi germany's minister of propaganda the myths that he created exist to this day. it was the gerbils propaganda it was posing actually trying to denigrate other nations while at the same time raising ordinary german self-esteem school to. keep its complete use of go bill sniff precisely what the masses need to hear in order to make them follow him he was like the pipe paper from the fairy tale that made the rats fall to the tune of the spite of. the myths created by the chief nazi ideologist bound for tal saw in the west we have to fight these myths today in memory of those who was in the second world war. two picked right on the scene. first st

louis and i were being put. on a reporter's twitter. and instagram. to be in the know. on mom. this is what we do we kill people and break things. we can see something is simple as people playing soccer you can see individual players and you can see the ball. you can almost see his facial expression come see he is now. open and crying. may be cursed. or maybe he asked. for forgiveness for.

there must be near certainty that no civilians will be killed or in. a tentative peace is extended in the east of ukraine as both the army and government fighters to uphold a cease fire with reports of violations suffering surfacing throughout the week. barak obama gives in to pressure from washington hawks asking the senate to approve five hundred million dollars worth of aid to syrian rebels despite extremists taking advantage of previous to liberates. in a leaked recording poland's foreign ministry equates his own country to a submissive sex partner and what source alliance with the u.s. was worthless on top of all.