must be near certainty that no civilians will be killed or injured. alone welkin said old your date is the end of all it's all but not suppose you can't bear bosco but luckily for us the sun hasn't finished everywhere so we thought we pop culture by going search for a song winter is knocking at moscow's door but we're not ready to done alone jones just yet so we travel to europe to soak up some rays imbibes a culture and see what's going on in the world of technology fronts was europe's largest exporter of electricity last year but despite its opponents in power the country is still looking for new energy sources and even has to bring the power

that drives the song down through words. there's a lot of energy in france i'm not just talking about the street dunces the country ranks second in the world in terms of nuclear power stations but with growing environmental and safety concerns the sun may be setting on nuclear energy as we know it's so many says from around the world have come to discuss a possible shift away from nuclear fission. there are currently one hundred eighty five nuclear power plants in europe and another seventeen on the way france has almost a third of the total with fifty eight plants producing seventy eight percent of the country's energy needs only stations have produced well over one million cubic meters of radioactive waste ninety percent of which is stored in three facilities this is where nuclear fusion comes in almost the difference. nuclear fission isn't normally found in nature it's the process by which heavy elements split to form lighter elements and has been created. by mine kind to make our stations

a nuclear bomb it's. typical reaction a neutron hits isotope which caused it to destabilize and splits into small elements of neutrons giving off energy unfortunately its also uses a large amounts of radioactive waste which is incredibly hard to dispose of safely nuclear fusion on the other hand is nature's atomic power you just have to look at the some of the stars to see it in action in this reaction to hydrogen isotopes in this district humans uteri and combine to form a heavy isotope helium a single neutron and lots of energy because most importantly fusion gives off hardly any radioactive waste. a slow the idea of eater was first discussed at an international forum in washington in one nine hundred seventy five together with the leader of the us thermo nuclear program we gave a report on things we could do together and on ways to do them back in one nine

hundred seventy five we said we should work on what is known today as a technological platform this was it or this is what we said back in one nine hundred seventy five and all the work after that basically followed this plan which you. really have suggests that general secretary got about twelve bring it up at the geneva superpower summit in one nine hundred eighty five he discussed it with president reagan and the international thermonuclear experimental reactor project was born in europe france in particular was already looking to diversify its energy sources and joined the project along with japan in two thousand and six the agreement to build run and decommission was signed and dramas finally broken in two thousand and seven construction is now in full swing and gathering momentum every day. he says is also latin for the way symbolizing the way the g locating color rush in the south of france is one. the most ambitious international scientific

collaboration is ever undertaken in the e.u. india japan and china russia south korea and the u.s. representing over one hoss of the world's population all taking part in the project to make the holy grail of energy production a reality. but nuclear fusion won't come easy even the groundwork for the project is a feat in itself that each site is the size of sixty football pitches making it one of the largest manmade level surfaces in the world the access roads from the poles have all been reinforced to support the weights of the deliveries and five thousand people are expected to be working on the site during the peak of construction as the host country france is responsible for a lot of the infrastructure but the sheer size of the projects is too much for one country. this is an international project it's very important to make sure we're all on the same page different countries will be providing different components and it's important that all the components are supplied at the right time compatibility

issues need to be taken care of. nature has none of these problems and creates fusion a long time ago the temperature at the sun's core is fifteen million degrees centigrade this combined with these huge mass and density create the perfect conditions for fusion so perfect sync fights that the fuse is six hundred twenty million tons of hydrogen every second construction is complete the real fun starts the heart of the entire complex is this fusion reactor which will recreate the conditions in the center of the sun. due to. charged. which happens so easily in the song they need to be heated to over one hundred fifty million degrees in a vacuum at this temperature they form a positive which is confined to detroit or donut shaped magnetic field an electric current through the plasma to help heat it on the walls of the chamber have to be built on the intense heat in vacuum condition. and this magical device that can

create stars is called a talker mark but it's not a new invention. is a russian acronym for toroidal chamber with magnetic coils and it was created in russia over sixty years ago many of the people i've spoken to mention the young red army soldiers when i asked them about the history of nuclear fusion so i went to the state library in moscow to find out more i was intrigued by this mysterious figure despite having received very little formal education before the outbreak of the second world war i developed a passion and the talent for nuclear physics. alexandrians here was the first person proposed from fun past in an electrostatic field in one hundred fifty wrote his ideas in a letter to stalin but never received a reply but the second letter addressed to the central committee caused quite a stir and he's invited to moscow to discuss his ideas with soviet physicists andre sucker of an eagle tom and they were impressed by his original r.t. and boldness sucker of recommended that work canoe cliff fusion get started

straight away but you find. using a circular magnetic field instead physicist eager to push outs of gave a talk in england where he revealed the soviet union's novel approach and progress the world was impressed the u.k. declassified its nuclear fusion research and international cooperation began in earnest the first magnetic plasma containment device the t one was created in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven fifty three which will sucker of and tom had been working on was completed in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight it's a huge record temperature levels and plasma confinement times and the talk about to become the dominant concept in fusion research after this talk of marks began to sprinkle all over the world. some of the most notable include the joints european tourists or jets in the u.k. which if the first controlled release of fusion power and holds the record for the most power produced this talk amount is currently being used to test a wall lining for. japan is j c sixty which holds the record for the highest

possible time and temperature ratio on the t.f.t. on america which means to heat the plasma to a mindblowing five hundred ten million degrees c. despite these advances no talk of mike has ever achieved a long salt breakeven point where device releases the same amount of energy as it used to start the reaction so it. is not a film or a nuclear power plant it's an experimental reactor at its purpose is to show everyone that all the major technological and physical problems have been sold and that thermo nuclear energy is now available as a source of electricity for industrial needs if you get a problem with. the alternatives to talk to mark the stellar rate it was in one thousand nine hundred fifty in the us and doesn't run a current through the plasma making it easy to operate however any deviation from the complex geometric form results in a significant reduction in plasma containment characteristics was

a lot of progress has been made in germany in recent years with the fine seventy six initial confinement fusion uses dozens of high powered lasers to heat a compressed hydrogen fuel pellets and ignite a fusion reaction although exciting from a theoretical point of view it can be tricky to extract power from this method. there's also the talk about turned out to be the most practical plasma confinement system. the fact that these days you know every decent university or laboratory has its own talk a market proves it. the first ever talk a mock the team one was built right at the could chose a ski institute in moscow. the institute is named after eagle of course shots of the russian domestic agencies also based here managing all aspects of the country's participation in the projects. now holmes says he wants distant descend to ten which was built almost forty years ago and is the largest talk among currently

operating in russia that c. ten has generated around ninety thousand positive pulses which is way over its original designation despite its age old faithful still has a place in today's research and plays an important part in testing how plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves for. firstly it will use this tocome up to test out new technologies once that does that we can apply them in a big scale secondly that we also use it to develop new diagnostic methods for me this is not an easy task because in actual fact many of these diagnostic tools do not yet exist and millions are eager to develop them and some of these diagnostic tools will be developed here at the office and it's. the talk is located just behind these walls and take it from me it's quite something to see the possible of your naked eye but if you want to be able to control it you have to be able to monitor it and this is why they have this being generator generates a sense of being

a neutral part schools through the plaza which because it's on the go or series of spectral changes the beam in comes out of the plasma sensors fiber optic cable the constant being is given a frame rate of about two hundred fifty per second with this filter to be in the go through this box and through a series of lenses and it's finally picked up by the spectrometer to see. the spectrometer that sends all this information to a computer which does the number crunching to calculate the spectral properties of the beam and these these properties that you calculate the heat and the concentration of the. the electric field strength and rotation speed of the. measurements these are the most important. and to. be fitted in the. one diagnostic system is far from enough. be monitored closely. there are different types of diagnostics

physical diagnostics. technological diagnostics and then there are safe diagnostics give us a clear picture of the things happening inside the reactor. given the experimental nature if. you will have around forty five diagnostic systems nine of which have been developed in russia three in the institute three in the institute and three in the institute. the diagnostic systems range from lasers x. rays a neutron cameras to impurity monitors particle spectrometers and radiation. unfortunately we can't cover them all but check out a few. institute is also working on these highly fields side reflects the system we sense michael. and use the extent to which they reflected to gauge the density and therefore the stability of the plasma

a wide range of frequencies are used which allows them to take a cross-section and see the density distribution within the system is tested using this form of the wave. but the main challenge different way frequency is done the same guide without distorting them this diagnostic technology the way it is meant to be applied editor has never been used with the talk of mark. so we decided to start by installing diagnostic sensors inside the t ten and now we have collected a full. re-image results. this is a full scale replica of the institute's diverted. six thousand device would be located just one point five meters away from the. business and only a two centimeter gap in the. diverts helps maintain the purity of the place an important role in ensuring the safety operation of the.

gamma radiation produced during the reaction this information to measure the confinement of the alpha particles generated during fusion. play a crucial role in producing a plasma which is a self-sustaining reaction. if any power. to institute is also building this neutral particle. concentrations. energy. isotopes deviation from. this information allows a few levels to be adjusted accordingly. russia has been put in charge of supplying this dog gnostic system basically that's because we've been leaders in the application of these diagnostics nuclear installations for

a number of decades now. dozens of instruments operating on this principle and supplied them to our foreign partners. institute is also located in st petersburg and is heavily involved. so i went down. to see what they were. clearly working on mission systems for the reactor. generate the huge electrical currents required to heat the plasma they also develop. to take control. from overheating if the small explosive charge in the prior break could detonate causing a small of a million brings to expunge and completed by prosecutes which discharges the excess current in less than twenty microseconds kind of like a giant fuse. or we have a range of key technologies being developed for the ether that must be supplied from some of the needed to ensure the experiment safety. among them the technology

is related to the magnetic system the vacuum chamber. system and some chamber elements. this panel is part of the inside wall of the talk a mark is made up of lots of little tiles like this one each tile consists of a layer of tungsten copper i'm wrong and the inside wall have over one million of them and six hundred thousand we made here in russia europe and japan also made these panels and the sun them hits we tested in this chamber the chamber can have been to three thousand degrees c. but still it's essence fifty hundred which is the exact same temperature as inside the talk of. the inside wall of the reactor represents an immense engineering challenge the heat is subjected to the sequence of one hundred thousand light bulbs shining on one square meter the force exerted by the magnets could be compared to the way to fifty lorries and if this weren't enough. to grade the structural integrity of the wall this to cinch

a book contains an electron beam which imitates the heat load on the wall to ensure it's capable of dissipating all these heat over a relatively small area without fracturing so how can tombstone with a melting point to three and a half thousand degrees based on temperatures of over one hundred million. is most of the particles held in the plasma only a few of them can escape the magnetic field and reach the first hole the talk of the density of the particles drop significantly which means that the fates attention the wall is subjected to these also lowered the water cooling the juicing steam. which drives a turbine to produce electricity. this is a complicated task because we have to combine different materials into a single structure which should be able to operate for a decade or so being exposed to aggressive plasma which we draw from soviet and russian researchers experience with modern materials for example high energy laser

mirrors rocket nozzles. vehicle fairing and thermal protection high energy radars. and this is why russia was able to achieve excellent results in this area. there's. a lot of the money has to be adopted especially for. this laser welding machines used to be seamless joints and. traditional welding techniques there are no impurities in the weld of molten metal. after the break. up of. for ever new should to go straight from being a bother and upset of the existing order to be a well run democracy is impossible it just won't happen because the acts of the

revolution is so bothered that there are off the show a so great that there is a fear of. since the end of the cold war the media environment is transformed almost beyond recognition today there is a global battle for hearts and minds and the west mainstream media is losing out. on marriage and the financial world. talked to goldman's cannot stop because the dems only take no demand for credit not going to get any economic benefit in life there are good and there are but. i'm happy martin the stories we cover here we're not going to hear any right other big story that extra headlines and talk of reason they don't want him to know about it are important that we don't think. now let's break the set.

i know c.n.n. the m.s.m. b.c. fox news have taken some not slightly but the fact is i admire their commitment to cover all sides of the story just in case one of them happens to be accurate. that was funny but it's close and for the truth and might think. it's because one full attention in the mainstream media works side by side the joke is actually on here. and our teenagers we have a different brain. ok because the news of the world just is not this funny i'm not laughing dammit i'm not how. you got us into the jokes well handled that i had.

a lot of the work for each day as we count out here in st petersburg and what better place to come than the e.o. for institute which is the birthplace of nuclear physics in russia it is also home to the country's newest talk of the global. church of himself which is a senior research at the ofa institute before moving to moscow to head his own lab as well as developing many diagnostic systems for heat at the institutions also built to talk a mark of its own it uses a device to study plasma behavior as well as test reheating systems place not like any talk that we've seen before. the global sam is a spherical talk it's also the new eastern russia i was built entirely in st

petersburg is more compartment traditional talk much so the money so located much closer to the plasma which greatly reduces the amount of energy required to confine it the shape of the chamber also makes the past main currently more stable and an increase in efficiency is achieved by holding the puzzler much more centrally. despite the magnetic fields being generally we can this type of talk a mark making it harder to reach required plasma density is certainly not without its uses. as far as the energy industry is concerned research is a currently designing a hybrid reactor that's a token mark or a spherical talkalakh in our case it's used as a source of false neutrons among like say there's no self-sustaining reaction and those false neutrons say used to irradiate spent unspent nuclear fuel with the blood clots normally used in just six fission reactors.

isn't just providing a lot of the technology to eat a lot of the money a function is being carried out here as well one of the country's speciality is the soup of so that's why it's joined forces with five other countries to produce coils but he says. systems bush will provide a total of seventy three spools of superconducting my next a cable from each for the length of eight hundred meters. we are very pleased that there's a bunch. there is takes. from sample to sample. is stable. and there are many stages to the money for it to process the same superconducting producer that you pisk mechanical far cheaper and then sent seven hundred fifty miles hits at the door where they are cleaned. the why is it then want to put you

strong's which in turn around five times to produce a cable first sentences that. is then about in a steel jackets and compressed the cable is loaded onto an eight and a half ton school for transportation. to the money it will be assembled in the test giant money to simply facilitate a pub which will be money for russia all in all eighteen superconducting to oil field and six field goals essential solenoids on the sets of correction calls that can find shape and control the placement inside the box and vessel. is an ancient russian city not only renowned for its keep stress beauty and rich history but his reputation for science the research and manufacturing is known far outside russia's borders.

production facility. is responsible. producing nine out of the twenty four. were invented in russia in one thousand nine hundred sixty four now called a nice north good institute for pride physics. know used in the vast majority of talk of marx throughout the world as heating the puzzle without them next to impossible. he says twenty four gyra trying to locate it in the secretarial day one hundred fifty meters away from the. electromagnetic waves the producer he sends by a long wave guys interacts helping the cosmic to the temperature necessary for fusion. we see each as a regular customer since we've agreed to supply it with knowing. the year two thousand and twenty there are a regular customer but we also hope to be able to sell to all three. under other contracts in the same period. gyro is locked into circle untrimmed is taken from

the electron so it's a pretty good name for a device that's based on the rotates emotional electrons. the beams of elections are accelerated towards a cavity where strong when they see field is applying the interaction between the rotating motion of the electrons and the most basic field generates high frequency radio waves to travel in a straight line striking up. the high frequency waves excite the electrons in the customer causing it to talk a bit like a microwave heats water. also has a stabilizing effect on the puzzler helping prolong the length of the reaction and therefore the energy produced so that all these benefits demand for joe johns is pretty high at the moment and is currently working on orders from germany china and japan but in the meantime it looks like we have another such five customer. review for. the project therefore. i hope i have the confidence in our kit this quarter.

it's a project and. there is a leading member of the project for. the project before returning to france. physics where the artificial diamond windows for the. highly conductive results in very little power loss and they don't. they don't come cheap the latest estimates place the final cost of the project at thirteen billion euros or so may say that the countries have simply blown the money away but for those see the benefits of the project for the next couple of decades the money now represents a huge investment in the future energy security of the entire world. example of international cooperation at its best and the peaceful use of nuclear power for the advancement of mankind and protection of the environment most of the money invested

in the project has already been through the technologies and materials developed which have countless uses already. known there's no doubt there's a long way to go for. the progress so far i'm sure fusion has a bright future but until then enjoy the right. his name was joseph he was nazi germany's minister of propaganda the midst that he created exists to this day. hubris gerbils propaganda was supposed to actually trying to denigrate other nations while at the same time raising ordinary german self-esteem split would.

keep its use of goebbels knew precisely what the masses need to hear in order to make them follow him he was like the pied piper from the fairy tale who made the rats fall to the chin the despite. the myths created by the chief nazi ideologist bound for tal saw in the west we have to fight these myths today in memory of those who walk in the second world war. one of the new will. be making news all the face time trying to. pleasure to have you with us here on t.v. today i'm sure.

this is what we do we kill people and break things. we can see something as simple as people playing soccer games. if the individual players and the community. you can only see is facial expression you can see he is now open and crying out. maybe he cursed us or maybe he asked. for forgiveness for. there must be near certainty that no civilians will be killed or war in.

iraq to take their own slots to the political arena establishing islam. as the. top until. the tons of pieces of sand of in the east of ukraine as both the army and anti government. reports of violations surfacing throughout the week. and only to recording poland so foreign minister equates his own country to the missile sets on. the us as worthless and.