and you did plus you take a look at around you our reality today is formed by the things that are produced for us now this technology allows you to make your reality and so your imagination is the future all next on larry king now. welcome to larry king now we are discussing today the burgeoning and fascinating field of lead printing just technology with an all inspiring range of uses from churning out pleasure to go to heads to printing furniture and houses and food and of the future perhaps even viable human organs here to discuss the far reaching up with patients and implications of three d. printing aaron walsh director of the immersive education initiative a professor at boston college and an expert on three d. printing and john tub executive vice president of corporate affairs as stratus one

of the world's largest manufacturers of three d. printing equipment and materials will also be joined remotely by make every link who used the three d. printers that create prosthetic limbs and by cody wilson who nvram a slick produced the world's first functional three d. printed gun. will hear from them later on what's three d. printing it's the conversion of bits into atoms it's taking virtual objects things that you like having a video game or a virtual environment and being able to produce those. in atoms real physical materials who started this all started early stages of back on one nine hundred seventy s. but it really got kicked off in the eighty's in large part to the founder of stratus john's company some seminal patent work in that field and it's been growing it's been being used in industry for a long time and now it's becoming personal. i don't do the same guys who

a company called greta they came to my house scanned me pictures it created this what is this that is you printed the printed version of larry king it is the process they went through as they scan do earn you into a three dimensional virtual i don't know i'm a walking room took a three about ten minutes very quick three d. scanning and then they took that virtual model those bits those pixels and they printed it layer by layer to create a physical model. so you know big is this range of bridging devices it's huge couple hundred dollars to get into it to do it yourself kits you can get do it yourself kits online and you can make them their self or you can go up to half a million two million dollar industry level know where is the public of all of us i think they're starting to get aware shows like yours starting to get the word out i think it's at that what i call the tipping point or the inflection point for public awareness of the maker communities a do it yourself communities are aware of it manufacturing is aware of it but the

average person i think is still unaware of what's possible what's bio printing organs tissues some examples of that liver tissue has been printed and women are going to print a human organ. and i'm not going to do it. do you hope to live a printed and put it into someone with that is the goal right now the tissue samples live tissue samples have been printed you take human cells and you can combine them with electronics even you can print the tissue and now they have the vascular network brigham and women's hospital where my kids were born in boston has just announced that they're printing the basket or system to connect these organs together the first major fully functional organ the liver is expected becoming within the year john what's your role in this well i've was fortunate enough to be involved in three d. printing really from as well as the inception of bill of the company for twenty years and you know at the beginning really three d. printing was. set up as

a tool for the engineer and the designer so really for the for prototyping and then re as recently as probably the last five years we've really started to see three d. printing get involved in manufacturing manufacturing jobs and fixtures you know on the assembly floor and then i guess kind of the nirvana if you will of three d. printing which is printing of and used parts and there's more and more companies that are starting to do that at this point i want people is this going to put out a work i you know i don't i don't think any it's what it does is like so many technologies do that we've faced over the years is that it looks at a different type of skill set that that is necessary in order to do the design work in order to do the manufacturing work its different types of manufacturing versus what traditional manufacturing is today due to work together not directly no we work with stratus as in terms of placing some printers in our community and we've just started talking about a strategic relationship status this is the eight hundred pound gorilla in the

space stratus is based we have dual headquarters one is in the minneapolis area in the other is in israel and operate outside of tel aviv and your company is it's a nonprofit consortium it's global according to the u.s. department of health and human services eighteen people die every day waiting for an organ transplant could this be you move toward making beds zero one of the really strong growth areas for three d. printing today is in the medical field as i say medical it's that we talked a lot about earlier about the organ transplants but then also digital dentistry you know is another little dead issue lowell that well you know if you look at the way the dentistry has worked in the past there's a lot of molds and that type of thing that you have to go through in order to to get a bridge or whatever else now all that is done through a scanning type of process what's the same as you're sitting there for street in twenty minutes well exactly or a bridge or a cap or whatever or what is that. this is this is not something that is called a brain gear and this was one of the benefits i think of three printing if you look

at this particular product which is quite complex obviously it rotates but this was built in one piece all in one piece so if you look at traditional manufacturing the methodology that used today it would be impossible to do but if you look at three d. printing people look at it and go how was this done what kind of equipment be a need for three depends on what you want to do that this is a fairly entry level piece this is the simplest thing and the high end talking about organs researchers in princeton have just printed a bio on a care that is a million times more sensitive than the human hair so we talk about having the ability to help people with transplants not only can they potentially be saved they can be improved and that kind of printing is way up on the scale in terms of complexity and cost and expertise that it actually prints human tissue combined with electronics so you've got a huge range of capabilities joining us now is make gaveling he's the founder and

c.e.o. of not impossible labs it's an international speaker on the subject of open source medical devices tell me about this project and the boy you helped there's a young boy named daniel that. through reading an article about dr dhar containing who is in the nuba mountains which is a contested area between north you danner sudan and south sudan and this boy without tending is his family's locks and a bomb the government of sudan was bombing the area and you had both his arms blown off and when i read the article about him having his arms above our i was really moved because i have three young boys and i couldn't imagine that happening to them and his response when he woke up. after the amputation surgery was if i could have died i would have and it was just something that i had i could just close my computer and go to bed after reading what i needed to do something so we decided to

put together a solution do you and you made a man we had we made him a three d. printed are now part of the i understand not impossible vision is your solutions are open source meaning other people can access it right that's correct everything we do we do this concept of help one help many so we help one person but then we publish the code and the solution open source so that many people can use it afterwards i understand that there are fifteen thousand amputees in sudan or other people start doing it in this they're more three d. printers being used or what we did is we when we went over. made it over daniel throughout and it was the first time in two years but then we also had trained doctors staff there was about eight young men that we trained to make our arms as well when we left we left the elements in the tools and. from the time i left it to the time that we launched on january sixth i made a public announcement they were making approximately an arm

a week without us even in even a country which to me that was that was our goal we didn't want to just go over it you would drop and drop of i just stuck there and then leave we wanted to make it so it would be you know john i understand you have a similar story about a girl named emma yes emma was born with a disease called amc which really allowed the inability of her to move or arms so there's a product called racks and racks was something that was manufactured for adults but some doctors at dupont hospital looked at emma and it took the idea of rex and the three d. printer that they had of ours and they actually took that particular item and scale it down for a young girl who was four years old and for the first time she was able to move or arms interact with it was objects and she was able to verbalize things and play with things for them for the first time so maisie you know they make prosthetics all the time right in the lab and that exact is going to be cheaper and faster well

there's two things it's definitely less expensive in the in the in the couple ways one you think about an adult and adult really doesn't change too much other than losing weight or gaining weight and but for a young child they're growing all the time so the interesting thing about this is the mother is able then to say ok emma's grown x. amount and then they'll print out a certain piece that conforms to whatever growth is the interesting thing about this has been has been a foundation set up and as magic arms at this point in time there's been roughly about seventy. children that have been helped by this mic are using three d. printers in the other projects so why go robot you have a robot walker yeah we're working with three printing is basically rocket so we use it as a way to test out our theories and how we're going to build something but we're now looking to build an exoskeleton or a young girl terrible policy in mexico city larry one of the most important parts

of this is the personalization of this technology to the individual but in these cases in the sudan it's getting the prosthetics there if that child was unable to get to a hospital that could produce a prosthetic and that again these types of printers can be shipped out and they can be set up in small villages and they can even be solar powered in some cases so you can have a complete medical care situation that you see any ethical questions here john you know you know there's with the deep blue technology there is there certainly i would you know i think you know i think if you look at it we've got a society has always been looking to help individuals and i think what three d. printing has done is just one brings it closer to the patient and then i think the second thing is really start to customize to individual patients need and i think that's truly amazing and game changing make how is daniel doing now you know doing great i just spoke to dr tom a couple of days ago he's using the arm to continue to beat him which is kind of

the primary reason we wanted to do it and i think it in the street about what's going on over there is that. if a finger breaks. on an expensive prosthetic you have to send it back to the supplier or make sure that they're shipping as i think your brakes on an arm of ours or an arm that's generated from a three d. printer and you just print that anger again you know it's going to cost pennies because you're already set up and doing so that ability to make something that is i mean our printers were printed off of solar power the hospital was was solar powered so just creating that scalable solution that you're not going to have to go through that the rigmarole of having to get permission to continue to do the work that's i mean that's to me what's the most exciting few just seems unlimited what is it going i think it's your imagination you know if you take a look at around you our reality today is formed by the things that are produced for us now this technology allows you to make your reality so your imagination is

the future thank you very much make up next we're joined by cody wilson who successfully made the first three d. printed gun and now we'll hear his story and talk about the implications of this technology after the break the scary. technology innovations all the developments from around russia. the future covered. i marinate joining me. for that impartial and financial report carried contribute and much much. only on bombast and on.

chance are forced. to finish line of the marathon. and we now welcome to this incredible show today cody wilson the founder of defense distributed it's a nonprofit and he monopolistic digital publisher in twenty third team cody produced the first three d. printed gun and released the designs online for others to access why did you do this. larry king thank you i think there are

a number of reasons maybe the most foremost of these was a kind of suggestion about how we saw the digital future in talia rolling out and we thought that that meant a future a personal argument in fact we could prove it so it was a kind of curious and intrepid way of creating a future that we imagined but what why and why a gun you call it on the limb arabia what is the social purpose of making a gun from a three d. machine i didn't define it for a social purpose i find it political philosophy part is basically the ideas that i thought we could disintermediation get ortiz which claim not only powers over over ours especially united states but of course in the world and i thought this could be done cheaply and easily and i wanted to demonstrate that it could be done and we did but wait a minute so you are saying to the arms industry i give my guns to bill and you. and i can do it fast so we can kill a lot more people. i think that's not true i wonder is the point in nature of this

manufacturing techniques don't don't outstrip conventional mass manufacturing techniques in the past profit season and are inferior to metal manufacturing techniques from an outfit but as a as a wave of baiting a certain regulatory technique or regulatory apparatus use of a background checks it's evaded certain kind of laws about how you're going to get access to air fifteen parts i mean it was it was like the super bowl if you will for some of these gun laws at a specific time that america was debating the next round of gun rights and i get it you put the design online for others access is it true you downloaded more than one hundred thousand times in two days he did it and unlike big publishers we didn't download those ourselves people of the world downloaded that got very quickly the news was pretty good is illegal. strictly speaking yes it's legal legal to gun a united states legal to make for yourself the rest of the world not so much you

know we kind of got around a lot but the state department took down the design files. saying they violated federal laws about exporting munitions that's right they well the they're conducting an investigation to see whether they that in fact happened but the state department's problem is not the guns and sell state arms problem is that the chain of authority related data it that actors have to ask for their permission before they release this kind of data the internet of course that's played with constitutional problems from the first to the second amendment so this is not settled in at least using everyone to have the ability to have a gun make a gun oh yeah i think i put my money where my mouth is on that is what. you originally going to print the gun on on the stratus is a printer that you had leased the company sees that why would you do that john well at the time of the a smack in two thousand and twelve we looked at his intent to manufacture and distribute firearms and that was violation then there's also the

plastic gun law that was in fact and actually when you don't like is what what he's doing. no i would i wouldn't do i wouldn't say firstly like i don't like and i think that the matter was that looking at the right regulations existed on the books at that particular time. utilizing the printer it was a rented printer at that point in time we felt as a company that it was the right thing to do to repossess then i think cody as i recall sent sent the machine back as well what is the what do you make of the lead to the just a couple place that are really important to point out about cody's statement to be printed on a less powerful printer printers are capable of using titanium ellie's they can be used and are used in turbine engines jet engines and rocket engine so the notion that you can't three d. printed something the strong is not correct the designs that he used and printed were on a less powerful printer the concern of course whether it's plastic and can fire

a gun or it's titanium can fire doesn't matter it's an ethical issue that we have to deal with these type of all advances there are exact off side effects and i didn't use just that are winners returning so was inferior traditional techniques just the printers in the range of materials we had and the cost would it just be prohibitive to try to do things with titanium or metal we were working on. kohli what does your family think of wallace i think that you know very much at first amusing and entertaining everything is gone and i think they're grateful that i'm not in jail but i want to say that it was actually pretty clear cut from i was a law student why did much of this project a lot was not on the us for most of what we were doing and that's i consider it i don't have that that low stresses but i could see some what they were doing a bit kind of disingenuous because a lot pretty clear that americans can make it individuals can make guns without having license without requiring licenses from the government you worry about this

john well sure i think i think anybody that flies or war is involved in such a site is worth the. worried about it any any type of weapon or firearm yes you ever regret what you do in error i don't regret it i question it regularly going back when i first got involved with immersion in virtual reality these are life changing culturally changing technologies and so you have to question along the way so i don't regret it i think it's the good by far out powers the negative but i think you have to question as you go do you have a dog is of course. not me i was i think i do right i think that it's human. but i don't think don carty radical that some people maybe but i'd like to question his universal ethics to which we have people that say well you shouldn't you shouldn't have a gun you shouldn't allow people access to guns but for the government that seems to ring any and hollow especially in light of the revelations that people like mr snow to share with us authority isn't if you learn to trust it at all cost

universal. thank you very much cody. so we're just architects and we currently see three d. printing and can't. see as we were already printing with the smaller printers from on time but it's architects who are saying what did this actually mean for architecture what if you really could see the proof buildings we can really recycle waste materials into the materials eliminate large transfer costs remake unique and personalized architecture you can print buildings and then just shutter them and then print and renew and that was a nice just do it's really nice the treatment is in. the rules are first tested the small window and once the pilots can lead the finalize we send it to. get the technique in small bring their citizens at the same and reap what we can use the same files so get innervation is not only think it's also. the only

route to be built on system elements in which we combine one of them and struck your inner force out and out of that in one. we can change the. record there's just imagine it's. some other venice trains it's a position house and it's oriented to the sun in your house in the one we started bring it was best six because that's the material that works best with this if the m. printing technique. that a p a new bio based. that's really especially made for students in architecture is about seventy sustainable strong and. that was a video from do socket tests they're building a house constructed entirely by a three d. printer professor crusher of a mistress of u.s.c. has a technology he says that's capable of print to get the entire house of the day complete

with functioning plumbing and electricity. you're both nodding yes that's possible also bill without a doubt but where is all this go where is it going it's changing the world we live here she would for about jobs would miss eliminate construction companies well i again i think you know there's so many different things that have happened over the course of history that have changed the way things are built designed and manufactured and i think what it does is really it opens up a new opportunity for different types of manufacturing in that in the in the film industry there's all sorts of things that are being done today to generate. props and that type of thing and in lot of in our started to be three d. printed and you know there's a legacy effects as a company here in the hollywood hills area in they'll talk about how their their workers have had to be retrained to utilize three d. printing so they haven't been this place as a matter of fact i think if you talk to one of the people there you'd find out that

the workers are actually happier because they end up being much more creative because the machine is actually doing some of the some of the production work for this is large scale printing o. assessable three d. printers for the average consumer the average consumer can for a couple of hundred dollars have one on their desk within a matter of days we're going to see it is going to see it as ubiquitous as t.v.'s and smartphones yeah i think i think so it's there's there's a there's a lot of content that that's out there people i think want to be creative i think the three d. printing technology isn't able or that allows people to be be creative if you think about it all in a larger scale you start to look at the capability of inventory at large box stores in the you have a a line maybe of three d. printers so you're looking at up plumbing first year or common fixture you would actually maybe take a picture on your i phone you know look at that joe joint you're looking at send that down to the big box store and go and go pick it up and they don't have to have this huge amount of inventory that's sitting there we have some social media

question. stephen perry eighty via twitter will three d. printing and cosmetic surgery of a go and yes they will absolutely they're already being done in medical faces are being reconstructed with three d. printing but the long term view the ethical concern is what if i can three d. print my own face what if i can preserve my face at twenty five and then have it reapplied at forty five it's possible technically ethically i don't think especially in l.a. i don't think you have the question of whether or not we saw them out of this thirty three suicides in beverly hills plastic surgeon. twenty one what about using three d. printers for food is it capable of printing solid edibles abs now where the wait a minute. it's being done to date just. like season for isaac that everything's custom i guess right in the three d. printers so regenerate yes they can there's an entire line of open source three d.

printers they start with a parent printer and they can print better versions of themselves and they have entire family trees really don't have your views ten years from now. printed organs fully functional reduced manufacturing cost people creating their home goods and some of the big ethical issues we've been talking about that they really surface and perhaps get regulated. yeah but i would certainly agree with with all that i think you're going to start to see more and more larger and medium sized companies really start to use three d. printing in their factory space and i'm not saying it's going to replace all the manufacturing but in a lot of areas it makes a lot of sense this is unbelievable thanks to my guests aaron walsh john and tom make up a link and cody wilson remember you can find me on twitter at kings things he and i said about you next hour.

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