formed the st john ambulance brigade the job of the brigade was to provide first aid ambulance and nursing services for the general public but in one nine hundred forty eight the u.k. labor government decided to compete with private charities explicitly telling the british people that a new universal health care system would not be a charity it would in effect be socialism what do we owe to socialism in this country. every single one of you in this room at some point has benefited from the principles of the national health service free at the point of use as a human right. the free market capitalist economy of the united states has forty million people without access to health care and the rest have to pay a great deal for it where did those ideas come from did they come from some benign very wealthy person or word they yes the dreams of people who saw their mothers dying in poverty saw their wives dying in childbirth or saw other

coming to you. or saw others suffering grievously because they could not afford medical care no wonder so prime minister trays of maize detractors might say the conservatives want to be rid of the n.h.s. something denied by juries in may and health secretary when it comes to funding we had a very difficult period after twenty ten the austerity period when we were dealing with the financial crisis of two thousand and eight getting the economy back on its feet but since then in the last three year it's two thousand and ten to two thousand and twenty is the period i was looking and i've been just over that period per capita spending is down well let me just finish because as i say you've looked at if you look at the period since twenty ten there are really two halves is the first period where and his spending wasn't cut but it didn't go up by very much but then since then we've actually spending now six and a half billion pounds. a year more on the n.h.s.

no sign of the jeremy hunt of the coauthored a political pamphlet calling for the n.h.s. to be replaced by a us style insurance system there than just blame for the n.h.s. crisis on the need to bail out a bankrupt city of london well one e.u. country not only hit hard by the twenty crisis but which is now in the front line of the european refugee crisis is italy joining me now is the italian ambassador to the u.k. . thanks so much about governing on the show the refugee crisis arguably disappeared a little from the british headlines it's not over for italy though you know it's probably news fatigue but the situation is every day we're sending getting worse. sheer tried to the and italy has been left alone to cope with this tragedy i'm afraid yes we have n.g.o.s helping what we need is more funds because we have to address the problem at the origin so we need more development aid for countries of origin which outside of samarra countries maybe eighty percent and

then we need more funds for transit countries such as libya out but also chad needs are so done because they need to strengthen their borders. on lend and sea and hopefully we would like them to set up camps for refugees and the edges of the surveillance of the relevant united nations agencies. and then of course we would expect the european union to implement the relocations key if you think it's really is to blame a little for the refugee crisis i mean there berlusconi's foreign minister in that franco frattini cautioned against italy joining british r.a.f. jets to bomb africa's richest country now one of africa's poorest countries isn't the italian guy. to blame but for the refugee crisis. not entirely because we were

at that point we had to face a defacto action started by president sarkozy and then joined who was then joined by prime minister cameron so at that point gadhafi was doomed and there was nothing wrong in getting rid of a dictator like gadhafi what was wrong he was doing it with the military action without preparing the aftermath without having a plan on what could be the future of libya and dropping libya you know. like a corpse the day after getting off he had been defeated we have been asking for the international community starting with friends and u.k. to get involved in the reconstruction of libya institution building creating a national security force but there was the international community was totally

destructive once they it is the once again the phenomenon of the mission accomplished you do the military beat you have success and you've you think that you it's done it's not it's only the beginning they've you know they have a lot of. other countries are opposed to the senate i mean back to today it's really is saying that libya must control some of the ngos saving these drowning refugees i mean what you just said is there's not a hair's breath between what you said in the british government. does it really realize that there are three governments in italy operating right now libya and many in libya. yes of course we realize but we are seeing something different we are seeing that a code of conduct should be adopted by n.g.o.s. called a couple conduct meaning that they should operate they should not station their vessels within the libyan territory or water at this short distance from the shores

of libya because if they stash stationed there inevitably they exist size of good factor because people simply go because they know these are some n.g.o.s that of course i can image but we are not seeing that they shouldn't if there is an emergency in some live lives my. can be saved of course you can get into the territorial waters but then you should be in do this in cooperation with the libyan coast guard otherwise we never be able to reassert some national lead be an authority on the territory and or on the waters. and then we want to know the who is financing these n.g.o.s and we want to have information about the groups and this because as you know it may be there were allegations of collusion with

traffickers will be denied by many in the of us by the best the best way to deny it is just to be transparent on who is funding you and which kind of crew you have on board but can they really work with this libyan government general have to i don't want them to i mean they should do this by themselves and give us the information not not we are not asking them to do this the code of conduct with the libyan authorities we are the unfortunately the only oldest operation so this is people arrive being taken by n.g.o.s to our ports so we won't have this information about the the way they operate the way they organize and this is the condition to go on cooperating with them at the moment of course they do an important part because they say forty percent of rescued people taken by angels vessels this means and also it's important to stress that italy is still doing

directly thirty percent of rescues with the coast guard and the navy blasts another fifteen percent organized by coast guard using vessels then you have been the last remaining fifteen percent which is performed by sophia the e.u. operation together with from texas so this is the breakdown of all deal here i mean there are better noises coming out of brussels nerd. if this whole rigi graces was in the north sea rather than the mediterranean do you think it would have been treated differently because greece obviously got some funding belatedly i'm sure the greek government would say do you think italy has been treated fairly no not at all because out of the we did i mean we do see very little funding so you imagine you have six billion now located for turkey for the crises on the other side of the me and we are talking of possibly maximum at the moment four hundred million.

for the center of media to remain in crisis so there's quite a disproportion then we have a there was an agreement to relocate hundred sixty thousand migrants and refugees only only six thousand six hundred were relocated so far and some european countries refused to take a single refugee in the say something about the italian diplomatic service what is the italian government of one of the we've been saying in brussels and in european capitals that this is day to day the case they have you know putting up the tone and in fact this. threat to the closure of ports was a way to attract attention so you think it leave everwood it's illegal coups no i don't think about but what they say is then you could face a de facto situation if numbers if the arrivals go on this written at a certain point the ports will be overwhelmed and not conditioned to function now.

arguably italian citizens living and working in britain right now. some people might think they were going to be turned into refugees are you happy now that you raise me piers to have made it clearer about. living and working here in britain. yes it is clear at the offer was made a constructive offer there are details to be discussed particularly that we got into the judicial level of respectable biggish and i'm quite confident that the solution will be found. with social media and some exchanges because i said someone here because i said that i was disturbed by. the use of the objective generous in the first moment the first instance of. exactly this objective has been dropped now in the communication and i think it's

correctly correctly because. what i feel is that the italian in. here they came here because that was perfectly legal of course the european union system they came here to work. contribute to the welfare of the country and so. there is something right something. right after all. present there's a general. i mean you offer me something i'm not entitle to then. it's fair but not. here in london get representations from the community in britain. when. it was a bargaining chip ability just yes she didn't say this openly but this is what people. and stage of the opening of the negotiations and there is

a lot of anxiety have been signaling the u.k. government. that is not beneficial for anyone having this anxiety uncertainty now i hope that for at least the uncertainty to a great extent ninety ninety five percent now. thank you after the break what is cause fifty percent of the world's coral to disappear as we speak. about chasing coral. technology around the threat. of. going underground. thank you for new to the game this is how it works now the economy is built around corporations corporations run washington washington media the media

over voters elected to businessman to run this country business equals power you must it's not business as usual it's business like it's never been done before . the wealthy areas of the italy going bust and we should save them because they're going bust well again the central bank the e.c.b. very jaggy they have already printed fifteen sixteen trillion dollars to bail out their friends their oligarch friends during some stupid thousand and eight and they've said they've signal to the marketplace that we've got another fifteen sixteen seventeen trillion dollars to print to make as many errors as you want keep making bad long keep borrowing money at zero percent interest rate to buy assets precious. paintings and shadows doesn't make any of them.

welcome back magic money tree or north u.k. prime minister tourism a refuses to uproot public sector pay cap despite declining annual wage increases for doctors to police officers on the tauriel sturdy following multi-billion dollar bank bailouts but as one of the biggest strikes in history begins within twenty four hours how bad were the working conditions under private contractors for the cleaners and porters to walk out on for of east london as busy as twelve spittles and does britain have what it takes to invest in medical research and development while maintaining new liberal austerity policies his going underground senior producer that. strikes a sabotage this process is conceits a march across the u.k. united against cuts caps and cost of all campaign is alone in trying to force the hand the government lost in social change but on the stuff that underfunded public service is

a breaking point i've come to the. seek out the young son here as medical research developing lifesaving technologies. three hundred thousand patients a year contract an infection such as m.r.s.a. in english hospitals i spoke to the university college london professor. mult is part of a team developing self-cleaning smart services which could possibly save the n.h.s. one billion pounds a year in the treatment of healthcare associated infections so we're presenting based on light activated surfaces so that's where you need some light such as you would have in a hospital the sort of lighting that you have there they would interact with the molecules that then create reactive species that can interact with the various bacteria and actually destroy them and the example is that you make heard of this m.r.s.a. as well and so by developing the surfaces we might overcome some of the problems where we're becoming more antibiotic resistant but you know to actually have

a more clean environment we obviously look to clean the hospitals or we go along but a combination of a good cleaning regime as well as having the time to microbial surfaces should then we use amount to potential infections from things like m.r.s.a. can the n.h.s. keep up the necessary hygiene is certainly clean is on strike david norris lost in a senior lecturer at king's college london has developed a soft reports of three d. printed hearts to highlight the organs functions and failures based in london st thomas hospital david a seen the pressures and staff hand in questions what policies like breaks it spell for british health care for us as biomedical engineer is being embedded inside a hospital is really critical so it gives us access to the best clinicians who can really tell us what the key challenges are and how we can try to help and i mean the n.h.s. is really pushing and the people working there are doing their absolute best to try

to keep everything together and keep it working at kings where most of the people there are just there are the workhorses so they're just there nonstop all the time anyway so we've got really dedicated staff who are just there all the time but certainly you know you read in the news about about challenges. that are being faced across the country and this is something that needs to be addressed and in terms of what i would say if i could the government is just to keep the research a lot of and this is really going to require them to maintain the commitment to research and innovation i think that they evolve line there are ten pillars of their bricks that strategy and research and innovation are one of the key pillars there the kid in the vacation end up in the scrappy as it's always make more you need to answer that manifest. biology university of southern commonalities in

gene diseases such as type two diabetes his team relies on global collaboration and understands the importance of attracting the best talent regardless of the. science by itself is a human endeavor it's something we do as people so it's not necessarily about countries an expertise is not uniformly spread across the world so you have some people who are very good at certain things and maybe in a different country so we have to reach out to colleagues all over the world and form functioning relationships with them anything i puts of something in the way i thought will lead to dummy signs because we literally don't know what's going to happen in the next two years so are they going to invest in the u.k. or maybe invest in so another country where they have more stability and i think the politicians certainly understand the science is what drives the economy certainly as well as our influence think you're asking us a politician to work out hard best we should do science and i think there's a good scientist on any street and it doesn't matter what the background of the street is it could be you know have all the policy all the way done to block i

think you have to try and bring everybody uniformly into the i mean i come from a working class family in ireland and i was supported all the way through the process at the time i'm not sure it's so easy for children to develop them and certainly not from the kind of background having to have loans to go to university i mean us issue. financial burden to take home so it's not encouraging for people who don't have a lot of money. so i think we need to come to ways where we can actually get everybody through and actually do the kind of work that they want to do for the rest of life what science or teaching or whatever only even one of the largest mall counts and h.s. history to the scientists and research is attending next year's will. have solutions and social issues stemming from the seats of power and where students. senior producer pete bennett there the royal society exhibition in london now from lifesaving technology to saving the oceans in a world where president trump has pulled out of the paris climate deal geoff allows

he's emmy award winning documentary chasing ice cortical the effects of climate change with the years of footage the documents of the mill to give the polar icecaps his new film chasing coral reveals how fifty percent of the world's coral has disappeared in the last thirty is he joins me now jeff how did you get involved in making a film about coral of to make you want to yeah i just met this guy richard beavers he wrote to us out of the blue and told us about what was happening in the oceans and he was showing me pictures showing the imagery of what a healthy reef looks like and what it looks like and we immediately knew that there is something there if we could visualize that if we can capture that it would be really powerful story in regards to what's happening to the planet what's happening to the oceans right now and you knew that the scale of the numbers was so extreme it would take a lot of little pictures to it would take a lot of stories certainly take a lot of pictures it was it was one of the things where when we saw what was happening that stark contrast we have these images right here healthy beautiful colorful reef to would dead kind of you know it's bland background that change can

happen very very quickly as it turns out we didn't even know when we started this project how quickly a healthy reef could die and become kind of decimated covered analogy like that as it turns out that that change can happen in just a couple months in two months or so so and. our team was trying to visualize and capture this phenomenon of policing and we ended up getting much more powerful imagery than we could have anticipated you have scientists in a campaign is weeping at the imagery that the protagonist of the film lives in short i mean because some may argue and but i don't know the tourist brochures do the dead research like the light further up so you get wonderful beaches that you see in the labor issues it's been pretty difficult right now because some of the tourist operators and different coral reef sites are downplaying how bad it is on the reef and they're concerned understandably they're concerned about tourism but they're they're looking at it from the short term perspective wanting people to think that everything looks fine and healthy and it's great to keep coming out

that's unfortunately not the case on many many coral reefs around the planet and planet certainly not the great barrier reef right now ok so what's the reason why does that into that right now the biggest issue there are a lot of different issues affecting the oceans a lot of different issues that are causing stress to coral reefs but the single biggest one is temperature the ocean is literally getting too hot for the corals to survive the court records can live in a certain range of temperature and it varies around the planet different corals in different parts of the planet live in different temperatures owns but we're seeing the water temperature rise just a little bit beyond that threshold when that happens the corals get stressed and it turns white for a period of time it expels the algae that gives it its food and it turns white and if it stays at that temperature for too long it will then die it's just like if a human had a fever if you were just a couple degrees centigrade a little hotter than normal your fever was like one hundred two degrees fahrenheit for a couple of weeks that's the equivalent of what's happening to the corals and then

in some cases getting pushed even hotter and even hotter because coal is a living thing that it is a living way of being related jobs the algae that it eat fast and you have to read about that i knew very little goes like the world which is the algae actually starts over producing in the warm temperatures and it makes too much oxygen in the animal and is being you know inundated with too much. of this nutrient and so it's getting sick from that so it expels it because it's just over producing you know it needs it for even though it's as if you had a little food factory in your stomach that would just make food for you but you got sick and you vomited it out like that it's affectively what the coral animal is doing the energy the algae the plant that lives in the coral starts over producing it kicks it out and then it starts starving and it's this fascinating beautiful relationship it's a symbiotic relationship between the animal and the plant and that relationship then creates this rock it really is all three as plant animal and mineral and one creature and as a grows that's what that's what creates these structures these massive structures

the great barrier reef the structures that can be seen from space it all comes from this very very simple relationship between the plant and the animal now it's only those we will the elites then go to these places and so it's going to think so how did you go about documenting using your film ground so that the people this would you know in the richest season as well when we started this project and when i met richard we learned about what was happening in the ocean and of all the problems we really wanted to look at this bleaching problem so the challenge there was how can we document that change over time can we get a time lapse of a beautiful healthy colorful reef turning dead turning turning white or turning dead in whatever time period it took so we reached out to a lot of our friends and partners with great ends up in it yeah it was it was unfortunate and it happened much faster than we anticipated but we were able to build it in a credible team couldn't get any government because this is groundbreaking research the element you can get any government funding we didn't try to get on nickel we do

try to get government funding it's a challenge it certainly takes a long amount of time as well to do that and certainly where we're at right now in the united states it's even more of a challenge i would say but we found the fastest way to success was all through private private investment and part of philanthropy that people that just believed in the. project and can get on board and just want to see the symmetry exist now you say that it's temperature rises the mango is i'm not channeling my inner rex tillerson new york to run excellent yeah because i know my temperature changes will you know if you see about fossil fuels creating or governor who is climate change peer reviewed research in nature magazine says in contrast to establish conventional belief environmental factors are much better correlating with the deaths of coral reefs than temperature. another fact is so good to talk about the death of coral reefs not about bleaching as a whole so when you look at the beginning that debt that's dead as it goes now i don't know what caused that so when you look at the loss of corals all around the planet over the last thirty to fifty years

a lot of the loss of coral around the planet has been due to a variety of factors absolutely agricultural runoff is one of the biggest things right now in the florida keys and in the southern united states we used to have really thriving healthy corals there but right now all the fertilizer runoff fertilizer helps plants grow and when it runs off into the ocean it helps the bad algae grow than suffocates the corals how much great face do you have the president is. the president would do because he cares about coral wants tougher i don't think they're going to destroy knows too much about coral research cares about them particular i don't think that's his driving motivation i would love for him to see the film and maybe it affects him emotionally maybe he recognizes you know there is this beautiful life force on the planet then a very good job as in chasing ice i don't think that he said if i'm going to give a good job i don't think it is being environmental i don't know she has been chasing i hope that she has and i hope that she would reach out and see chasing coral we would happily get her a copy immediately to share it with her family and within the white house this is this is not a future threat this is a very current threat that only gets worse in the future at the end of the day we

know that we need to stop emitting carbon and we need to pull carbon back down from the atmosphere that is what the science says needs to be done for us to have a stable planet that human humans are dependent upon so that's the challenge we need to move past the debate of whether or not this is an issue and have the debate around how do we properly incentivize or disincentives actions for that stability that we require jeff orlowski thank you if you can what chasing all the video on demand service netflix for the fourteenth of july that's it for the show we're back on wednesday with all screwed over the age of. steve coogan who's got a job and partridge. today's generation of broadcast journalists still then social media was he on wednesday the day that island braces itself the rest especially now . the celebration of killing catholics in the sixteen monkey battle will include former bosses from paramilitaries no i like to to raise him.

to say see i don't want to see don't i'm still at the smi i'm going to south past. zero you know ultimately we might need to move six here scripts a lot of holes yet they moved monies. for stimulus to get them for magnificent anywhere some place from which is much more food than claiming to save us from people they're really nice and friendly in my conformance they're welcome in russia it's all interesting where you go it's a good movie because the food was dusty it's not a very enjoyable place to be in the current friend make a told my son come to the lose you the number one letter to be so amazing remove something to go through you instead due to the punch post there is also i mean most people the male over here where very bad the fires have been here which of those little things will still.

have. that i'll add here that. much as you just did that is all. good little. touches you. know you shot and being that doesn't mean i'll just tell you that outside of the mike on the and. by then i got a session on the nod that i am. by then is a shift the long. haul as not said it. was going on want. so. you know so it was if you have to have multiple injuries among can connect them to . the uk but. if you move people from.

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are here sitting together it's been a long time since we were together like. the people of southern syria experience a rare moment of peace up to. introduce a cease fire in the region we've got exclusive video coming up this thirty minutes of news. also ahead as well the german chancellor is under fire for underestimating the dangers posed by leftist radicals off the. riots like the g. twenty summit we can't. promise to declare victory over islamic state in mosul but the city is in ruins as its people for liberation.