it's called. development of landmine detection equipment that's what isaac is. sniffing rat. actually traditionally. mind sniffing. among the most deadly remnants of conflict they're often found years after war has ended and serious injury isn't the only problem. imagine how it must feel to live with the knowledge that there's a landmine lurking somewhere near your home. grows up to help make the problem of landmines a thing of the past. but it will be

a full nine months before he becomes a real pro for now he simply spends his time with his family. it's no coincidence that giant rats were chosen to sniff mines in the wild they're extraordinary sense of smell them to search for food buried deep underground it works with. the key is to train your rats to associate the discovery of t.n.t. with food and that's not difficult because everyone knows how intelligent rats. the really hard part is making sure that the rat doesn't make any mistakes that could be fatal not just for the rat. these regular rats there it's clear from the way they eat these giant rats have special pouches in the food just like hamsters so this particular animal is on the cusp between being a rat but. perhaps that's why they're just. a little bit cuter. i

guess i should add to another really great benefit of our species of rats is that they're really curious which lab rats are curious as well but. there are various social in terms of they're really willing to work with people lab rats sometimes will develop that relationship with you but i don't think they develop it quite as readily. meanwhile isaac has grown he's now four weeks old i'm training can begin like all children isaac schooling starts with a kindergarten. although it is a camera he helps little rats to feel comfortable around people.

to see the defeat. to be. the norm we teach the. truth. interacting with the care there is a vital part of the learning process it's important for isaac's socialization mine sniffing rats mustn't run away from bite people. when he grows up eyes are cool way around a kilo and his body will reach thirty to forty centimeters in length just about as long as his tail. because they're so big grilled. is a favorite local street food.

started at school he spends his early weeks learning the basic rule that means food . is used to reinforce the learned response. counters an empty container. this one does contain t.n.t. and the clinic tells him that he can claim i treat. well in general but. they really let her do her thing they don't get involved or train influence her in any way but there are the rats has a different behavior just before they find. they have certain behaviors some of them like clean themselves they like to groom

themselves they're very clean. they don't like to get wet or maybe there's. some of them will walk around in circles some even stand up in the air. and so the handler knows that she's found some things you just. indicated where. a rats remarkable sense of smell can detect the tiniest traces of t.n.t. . they can sense the explosive even when it's fifteen to twenty centimeters on the ground their nose is over not so secret weapon imagine if humans had similar abilities ok if you were in a pitch black room and somebody entered the house from. i would say i think one kilometer away and it's pitch black and you can't hear anything you might be able to detect something changed but that's also

very hard for me to say because i really as a scientist i need evidence to support such a claim and i don't have. isaac and his sister at the gym they can give their paws a good workout sharpen their teeth. but enjoy a sense of freedom. said looks as though isaac's trying to set out on his first trip. nice troy. a brief chase. a few a breath so fresh. and he soon back in the fold.

they know what they are doing they know what to be expect from them they know. if do your work you can do very we want. to reward. far from off. very very very bored he learned most you have to do board and don't they don't understand so i remember very well the words. and that's what we are doing. for about a. week these students are only fed the food given the streaks during training. and.

during the weekend. given a veritable feat. of peanuts and dried fish this. is great for their bones. you. know feast. he. says here. in the wild. underground colonies. quite independent

within the colony. live in their own. food with neighbors. females can choose their own. works a little like a parliament with both male and female members. it's a big day for isaac. is about to move into high school. just like every graduate to be he gets his own personal transport. now. his field training.

joint threats. they sleep by day but have active night lives. carers try to adjust to the rats biorhythms they set out at five thirty in the morning a field training session can start at six. bits for moments like this that isaac has been trained he's not alone by the sound of the engine.

well you know the fire thing we've kind of adopted because we were called pirates for so long. i mean they're in this small ball and sniffs it hard push ups and it's scary. stuff and. the little self the big fish already ninety percent of the dot and it won't be calmer. concept fifteen's seventy five tons and they do it several times a day with a big fleet so now you get an idea of why. we have to understand we can all stay. he still would just. be with miss the field in glory because. i'm doing this because i want them for the future.

future can generations to have and enjoy the ocean we have. one else chose seemed wrong. but old roles just don't hold. me to get to shape out these days to come to educate and indeed from an equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground. international community continues to be emphasize about one theoretical united iraq as a slogan maybe an approach will for the politicians but the reality on the ground in iraq is not one and the record was united and that has courage on the west to be

blamed school what is happening in the rest of iraq and the direct wrong directions that iraq has gone through. nobody got off on a marshall and. islamic states claims it was behind the month just a terror attack by the dash to the north front so kill the priest every time a terrorist attack happens all these people are out there screaming i says so bad someone needs to do something against them and for me yeah why don't something. that. gives a. result as long. as i don't have a case of. you challenge them checking the zero chance hafiz only

hope you sound is going to. look and listen. oh. oh oh oh oh oh oh .

my conclusion he's had to be made to train during this. again. and i like it the only one. with three hundred or. so it's not do white man who is telling them. the black you have to do this in this in this new manner. we have the older teen years thirty days material enough for the old to be used to train the young. isaac remained calm while using for his class to start.

the trust between trainer and rat run steve. he lets isaac out of the cage. without even bothering to follow. they have to concentrate them to be a viewer of their. they have to to make an interpretation of for the writ is doing. would you come to d.c. when you were telling your bro. isaac is now demonstrating model behavior by not until. he sniffs at the end.

this is the result of several months of training. it looks as though isaac might offend some t.n.t. . he tries to rid his nose of all extraneous said. he thinks he senses something but needs to reset his smelling operators to be sure . this is the spot. no. consent his signal.

it's like watching two old friends getting together. at first but for him or for me. i mean she was not running she was walking. she sniffed every room. she. liked records to steve to t.n.t. he. is asserted she wasn't there. presence of t.n.t. . isaac seems to have passed with flying colors. and now it's time to evaluate his loyalty. no one wants to chase

a runaway red across a life minefield that would be deadly that's why it's important that the rats follow their handlers voluntarily without a leash. isaac is displaying textbook behavior as this training is over. now it's time for the real world to begin. traveling to see rip in cambodia.

this is home to one of the ancient architectural wonders of the world. and call it a fact. millions of tourists travel here to take their best selfies tourism is one of cambodia's main sources of revenue. but there are still landmines left over from the civil war and very seriously hampering any further growth and tourism to say nothing of the danger to life. when it comes to square miles of minefields cambodia is second only to afghanistan . the number of injuries caused by landmines is the highest in the world now though the situation is changing for the better in the popular tourist resorts mines can

only be seen in museums but there are still many dangerous areas in the country. isaac is here to help with mine clearance. new instructor applies sunscreen to his skin. because giant rats and nocturnal creatures their skin isn't accustomed to high levels of u.v. if they were left unprotected they run the risk of developing skin cancer. ears and tails of the most delicate spots. we didn't see them doing this in africa because the training center was high in the mountains in the town of ma to go to. at this time of year it's much cooler there than here in cambodia. if we take a closer look at the probables it's raining but isaac still has some screen applied

. the sun might come out once the team stops working. this is no drill. team dawn's protective vests and helmets. no one knows exactly health protection they get would offer. they're off to work. he's not a hundred like. you from the top and the next question is not bad but these are. international. if something exploded. in the north being a scottish and down to something explored at least to

a point that they don't want an office rather than having nothing. just as we make our way to the minefield it rains again. if we do rains and then. march. we think that there is no taking i mean nice is going on is not easy for that. that's why when the rains a lot then we don't know what. it doesn't look as though we'll get to see ice a connection or range getting heavier. c . c feet are.

pretty good. very good. there. are. one more try. it's not clear if the rain will get in the way again or not. the mind. is out in the field after all. isaac is investigating the ground. nothing so far. suddenly he starts to wash his face.

this means he's identified a suspicious. the disposal experts approaches. he has been something. he seems to be really quite relaxed so perhaps it's not a mind off to rule. in mind.

i thought. it. was highlighted in yellow. the disposal team has. to work everyone gets a banana. and they all seem to enjoy it. for this moment of triumph now it's time for a rest. real

heroes glory true heroes need to rest to build up their strength for their future endeavors. another round of cambodia's mine clearance campaign has come to an end the field engineers have a chance to relax and take a leaf out of the judge's book then i'd life is almost as exciting as the rats. in. this story of

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something's legal doesn't mean it's safe. in the stories that shaped the way britain's fifth terror attack this year sees the people injured in a bomb blast on the london underground the second man is now under arrest. killing young far as a ballistic missile over japan off the international community it's north korea with the sanctions. for it until. the french president's proposed labor reforms triggered violent protests in nationwide strikes they've been described as a declaration of war against workers' rights.