euro zone banks it relates only to unthink your loans in euro zone like libel law which is linked to deals worth four hundred fifty thousand thousand million dollars that's a figure revised down from eight hundred trillion dollars by u.k. authorities either way all that money was conceivably traded on alleged fraud unit rates switzerland u.b.s. was fined that's the new two thousand eight hundred trillion swiss banking giant u.b.s. agreed wednesday to pay five hundred forty five million dollars to settle a probe by u.s. authorities into its role in manipulating interest in currency rates but claims also paid up under the millions of dollars but days after its c.e.o. bob diamond resigned of the scandal he appeared to feel it not appropriate to talk about the then labor government's role in all of this he was questioned by the now disgraced former british defense secretary michael fallon. to the final votes of your call. to the chair that you saw the. first.

sort of one point officials of the government. numbers of the government which you believe a question the cost out on the british government's role in fraud unit interest rate setting who do you think they were. i would only be speculating if i told you what they were and i don't the disappeared to speculate. my recollection is paul didn't mention who he was referring to or i would have put it in there no one for britain's treasury select committee seem to appreciate the irony of the former c.e.o. of one of britain's biggest banks refusing to take part in speculation as for the cost of power lies and corruption the populations of western nations continue to pay for it in austerity and one region in western europe is arguably emblematic of collective economic punishment northern ireland yet whilst it may be a european center for child poverty it also made out dictate the post breaks that future britain while the rest of the world looks to the occupation of jerusalem to see. by donald trump all its future is the arguable occupation of ireland and the

future of its soft border that is determining negotiations about the u.k.'s departure from the e.u. joining me now is michelle give knew she is jim trains health spokes person and a former minister for agriculture and world development in stormont she also played a key role on the shin fame ago shooting teams leading up to the good friday agreement which curb the armed conflict that caused thousands of dead or wounded from gibraltar to london to belfast michelle thanks for going on going underground what do you make of those injuries amaze divac to unionist coalition saying a letter from two hundred nationalist two to the. branding works it offensive an unacceptable. what did you make of that when i thought that letter was a very useful development they said it could have come straight from vein but do they want any of the other cynthia cynthia and represent where the voice of the national republican people of course that's what they're saying to us why wouldn't they say

it in an open letter it's exactly what we're hearing here and day and daily from the national republican community and people are still very concerned about brags and the impact it's going to have on our people on the potential of a new border in march and the potential of conflict of margin out of that the issues that were outlined in the open letter and the sentiment within that letter where people are sent to the we expect you to ensure that our rights are a pale that we have the c.m. access to to justice to human rights to trade to movement all of these things that they do pay are tragic of road through do be they they're not trained to road in factories and we're never going to be hard boarded you believed résumé i can't help but be very cynical about that and treason may said there wouldn't be another general election and we had one this year trey's a mayor is in hock with the. government which is very damaged and then this started . that the conservative party have brought in over the past seven years have been

devastating for the most vulnerable people in our community for children for carers for older people we've seen people die and here as a result of the sturdy tory politics we've done our best medicaid against that in the north of ireland the fact is do you pay are in a ridge vent with the tories to keep them on par while those people are making decisions that are affected the person people in the north of ireland so it's very disappointed over your the health work first as well of vain and you're talking about austerity so we've got a collective economic brownish with you are the ones still being the power sharing agreement in stormont which means that the billion pound bunker as it were given to northern ireland isn't fully coming through that's what the. bring the money for all the health care and that we were in an executive for ten years and every year we were asked to make cuts to our health budget to all of our budgets because of tories sturdy and the conservative government took two billion find out if the

block grant over that period of time so this is money that they've actually taken off with that they've just given back but the reasons that martin mcguinness resigned earlier on this year and the reasons that he said art and his resignation letter are still those every single one of those issues are still to the fore and still concerned he said the on in the russian war and of course legacy issues very can go on too but given that you know you have the worst child poverty some of the worst trouble because even western europe why are you stopping this do you cash coming from was when because it's a casualty of what we need we need an executive there's no doubt about that we want to be in the executive and if we could sort these issues out would be there in the morning but there are issues human rights issues that have been ignored have been decimated by the dea you paid by our partners in government and when we went into that executive in two thousand and seven it was in the hope that over a period of time as we build trust in both their. ship that we could fix things

like my g. quality that we could introduce an irish language act that we could ensure. it's two hundred thousand young people involved in northern ireland who need that money so the do you be sent on this program to see a might of young people were in poverty a year ago when we were a non-executive for the day you pay where they were agreeing with the cuts to the budget and were when we were sent to the british government we need more money to medicare against things like the bedroom tax the a study measures we were asking the british government for money for that and we weren't we got some but not all that we wanted at the same time the finance minister was writing to the treasury asking for money for our hitch i recipients wrong boilers that weren't needed in mt sherry the grocer taking corruption over but i'm going to i mean i mean if i can finish the point they when we were asking for money to medicaid against the bedroom tax they were asking for money to put into the point as they got nineteen million at

a time that the british government was telling us there is no more money so yes money won't fix all of the problems that we have in the north we need a right based society we need a culture that embraces all of the people of the north of ireland at the minute the executive and the assembly. are disappointed an awful lot of people and if you're a national which activist if you're member of the travelling community if you're a foreign worker there are hundreds of paper for home doesn't work and if we're going back into the executive it's not the basis of the status quo. it has to be a transformation of the executive on a number stand and from our partners in government that we need a right to sadie ok it doesn't look like any time before christmas that's going to happen but on a macro level she would fain they want to be part of the european union that's their policy that the european union is going around the world as well as near liberal institutions there is there the people who would stop further

nationalization of privatized health services why is your party so connected with what is around the world seen as one of the most new liberal institutions on but don't forget we have ireland in the past eight hundred years has been under the cosh of the biggest colonizer in the word so you know real colonialist yeah i mean it's so you know we've been always been euro skeptic and you're cynical we've taken the decision to vote against different trade you some things because we felt that there was too much centralization in europe you can be part of the european union and not embrace all of the. thank you well obviously a well reverend but clearly i mean you are european union a bit in the european union has been good for most of ireland it's been good for the peace process and we welcome the fact that gave her heart stopped michel barnier and others are putting the good friday agreement front and center of the relationship between ireland and the e.u. we recognize what you're saying and certainly i'd be very concerned about things

like be concerned by th have been w t o when the big big trade talks that could have an impact on our farmers for example people will be facing a choice basically were given up this year which union do you want to be part of and they they are people in the north american didn't pick being part of the british union they wanted fifty six percent of people voted to remain within the cross the border. seven for the good friday agreement. do you think that all of this is compromising the good friday agreement the things coming out of ten downing street and other departments if you read the good friday agreement that was written best on the assumption that britain and ireland would be in that the european union it was based on that assumption if the relationship that the good friday agreement is internationally by and an agreement if it is dismantled i think

that's a very bad day for all of us we worked very very hard you have to start again i hope not i hope the next twelve to eighteen months can see a transformation i think we can celebrate what might this week we need to ensure the ball is still very much in play here we need to ensure that the next phase of the negotiations are done in such a way that the rights and entitlements of the irish people are protected and an enhanced so we need to ensure that a very fragile place that has existed in the north of ireland for the past twenty years isn't it doesn't disappear i'm not sitting here making threats i'm very concerned i have three children they're grown up on the border i'm concerned about what their future looks like i think back to my upbringing on the border. a british military presence in the north of ireland affected me growing up i'm concerned about any kind of moves towards harden the border whether it's technological solution or whatever i would be fearful for the future of the north and i think the

latter that you're starting talking about the open letter shows that there's a new confidence and an expectation and the aspiration among nationalists and republican people that we won't ally our rights to be eroded we won't allow our rights to be denied we will ensure that we are looking to the irish government as our as a call guarantor of the good friday agreement to protect and hants and ensure that the rights and entitlements of the people in the north of ireland are mentee and very briefly on that by through irony some suggest parties do the right thing and southern ireland they all seem to agree with you does it mean the dublin the controls the future of this country the united kingdom i think people will say that as a as a way of chad to insert a little bit of tension we're out of here appears well be a you have to have negotiate any of the e.u. twenty seven can veto the day that is done i think people in this country had they known that the braggs at the tray's in may envisaged was going to be as hard the

result here might have been different as well i think things have been said and done that maybe attitudes in britain are hard enough but if people in the referendum earlier this year it feels like one hundred years ago but if they knew that they were voting for exit in the december mar future. well well but dublin is one of twenty seven member states and dublin is the one most going to be most affected by brags that it's understandable that dublin well have a very close eye on the negotiations and will ensure that their economy doesn't suffer and that their people don't suffer and don't forget when the conflict was going on in the north of ireland it wasn't just in the north of ireland and there were attacks in dublin and one hundred other times as well nobody in ireland wasn't affected by the border nobody and nobody and i. and will not be affected by brackets. nay to ensure that remains the case and that they are very careful about gentlemen's agreement we've seen them before with the british and

they haven't they haven't we don't trust the british government to do the right thing bad and we trust they we know they'll do the right thing by britain we need the irish government to stand up for the rights of the. new thank you after the break we are living through unprecedented times with echoes of the hour they saw walks with fellow. whose ideas have been forced by everyone from richard branson to convict. you of going underground. when you don't. know. you. said. you know german did.

you speak french. also the us have a real north korea policy and the end of net neutrality and the start of the internet. welcome back within the next twenty four hours the bosses of facebook twitter and google will be addressing members of the u.k. home affairs committee over their role in promoting hate crime and violence but one scholar believes that the rise of social media companies are central to our second

rene source joining me now is dr chris katrina author of age of discovery and fellow of the oxford martin school at the university of oxford chris thanks for coming on before we start even on your latest writings that's jeremy corbyn easily as dull jump. this one features quite eleven's of your writing who easy oh right and you found a fundamental one of his good days this is your lamo seven a role he was a dominican friar in the fifteenth century and his claim to fame was that he evicted the mideast from florence in at the height of the european renaissance which was no mean feat because of course the mideast you were sort of the. family that ruled florence for sixty years until he came along and with a populist campaign of angry rhetoric he united a population of florentines who who felt deeply anxious about the time that they lived in and he pointed to the media and he lay blame for for their fears for their weakness their anxieties upon the weakness this is an interruption of the leaders

of the in florida manatees to go back to something more religious argue with the relevance to today so really the bonfire of the vanities i mean it was draped within a religious rhetoric but it was really about burning away the liberal values that were threatening his followers traditional values and one of the remarkable things of course about the rise of this populist of this false prophet was that it was enabled by the technology of print by this new media that enabled him to bypass gatekeepers give speeches on sunday to crowds of ten thousand and then you know the pamphlets the tweets were in the streets when people were falling out of the churches and it was that kind of the ability of these revolutionary ideas against the establishment that flowed with a terrifying new speed that enabled him to break the power of elites your moves recent writings and seeming to extol the virtues of a co-operative dalwood going back to soviet style eighty years of science of

economics or fascist ideas of you know it's fair comment and you know when the heads of google and facebook and twitter are brought before parliament or before congress i mean there is a powerful public interest at stake and there's. reason that they that they come before before these forums but again i mean i think as we you know rather than have a knee jerk reaction to what do we do with fake news with with foreign influence in our popular discourse with everything that happens on social media that we don't want to happen now before we have a kneejerk reaction to what we just need to regulate these problems away i think we should at least take one quick look at history and what happened attempts to regulate print and indeed the efforts by the church you know by kings and princes to to control this new medium of print is precisely what catalyzed society to develop new values like the freedom of the press which didn't exist at all until there was suppression of the press but to develop new values that led alternately

to to the breaking of these traditional monopolies on truth lead ultimately to the spread of notions like a market economy like democracy everything we have in the world everything we have today modern and he came out of the contest of how do we negotiate this new medium ok but isn't a good book a bit different to twitter facebook. and i was the other one with google which is already banning this station through promoting tweets on that station facebook already saying we're going to muddle around with the postings on your time couldn't you just got the press and the rolled it out and there was no corporate boardroom control and corporations very close to government we know that close ties between google go. and i think this is a great point that there are powerful disanalogy between sort of the past and the present and then the question becomes so. what what meaning do we find in the

differences and you're right i mean one of the big differences today's is just the sheer concentration within the organizations that put out these social networks you know facebook and google and we understand you know sort of contemporary economists that there are natural monopolies going on. here they do it make no sense to break up facebook say that's what you were saying well that's what i would united states me was they broke up bell telephone right and now they reconsolidate it in a different way you know essentially the which is again raised by a monopoly why don't break up google and facebook make it more democratically accountable i think one of the problems is the way that we frame this debate across the advanced liberal democracies is basically a debate between sort of laissez faire self-regulation so facebook will set up a committee to screen the news and decide if we do indeed is less and it is a real problem will be a strong case agreed they are all these complexities but that versus you know we need to regulate these or entities as if they were publishers that's the debate

that we seem to have set up in society and i think it's a very strange debate because yes there are some characteristics that are similar to the publishing industry but it's really a whole new thing i think that if we're talking about regulating facebook or google that the closer metaphor is not that these are publishers but these are utilities the more people using the one platform the more value so let's just accept you know we have say utilities a national model please you seem to be raising it like railways water and electricity and what where is she and what is the public responsibility than what you say you know who produce. as regular regulators require but also as sort of the the academic world requires the usage data and really that's where i think we should get to you know we're going to hold the googles in the face but in front of congress and for the house parliament and say. what they're already doing is that we want the usage data you know during an election cycle during a referendum cycle what was the foreign spend on advertising or on posting and

promotion that usage data is useful to us not specifically to regulate you but then go to our foreign affairs department or whatever it might be to look at that issue we do they have ties to intelligence agencies who have proved to google as to the military industrial complex the security state so my fear is not so much over there are ties to the military industrial complex but that there are these proprietary ties and so you know if we accept that there is a military industrial complex that that does it is that they can request data that see me as a social scientist trying to understand as we adopt this new social medium what are all of the social consequences risks implications that we need to be aware of so that whether as policymakers whether as academics whether it's organizations whether it's educators we can develop responses it has already been that's my argument is that it's risks with power from below scaring the elites what we're

talking about here is power from above orwellian power ugly against the rest of the people is there a big difference that there is there is some difference but you know it depends how finally we want to argue history so i mean one of the powerful sort of power from below disruptions during the first renaissance was martin luther and the protestant reformation i mean this was i mean sort of the ultimate breaking of the establishment status quo but you know a historian would look at that and say this wasn't just martin luther you know with a printing press spreading this idea far and wide. this was a lot of individual princes within europe who looked upon this new narrative as an opportunity to legitimize their contest with rome and say no now i have a now i have a philosophical argument for why i don't need to listen to the dictates of the pope sure but my question is then and so there was a corporate body that was involved in the power of the vatican in fact the power of facebook twitter in other words these aren't the great liberating. operators if

they have to be overthrown democratized. we have to own the well i'm back and actually i think that that is a precise parallel to the advent of the printing press i mean the technology this goes back to fire you know fire wasn't the great liberator you know it gave us food and it burned down you know our possessions in our caves so since the beginning of a concept of technology it has been this neutral object and then the question is that the uses the purposes the concentrations to which we put it there are so many endorsements of your work sorry to interrupt there are so many endorsements why do you think they come from elite power when richard branson currently involved in our national health service here so many of these people from these big one would think the kinds of people that we're all part of the system grew up in in twenty zero eight and i bailed out by the taxpayer why did they like your work what are you reading into your work the pubs you yourself didn't think of when you were writing

it that's that's a powerfully reflective question and. you know it's not for me to. assume sort of what were the thoughts in their mind that i like this book but i think you know as i read the testimonials from. you know christine legarde the head of the i.m.f. dominic barton the head of mckinsey you know a couple of nobel economists and that sort of list of people. i think partly it was the the optimism and the sense that no this is a moment where leadership is critical actually and so the stakes are very high leadership from above well i don't i mean i think i think we all speak from the place they are and and christine lagarde should say convicted. they like it because they fearful that the book could be used by the masses against these kinds of i mean i think you'd have to ask these people you know what i mean.

strange all your writing is you know you talk about power in various ways. but not so much the power of say trade unions to harness this will trickle power and threaten the elites like eight hundred forty eight like seventeen eighteen i'm not sure that that's a fair reading of the book i mean there is a substantial part whether we're talking about the developing miracle that's taking place across the developing world over the past twenty five years or really some of the innovation miracles are taking place which you know certainly science and technology today has been driven from the bottom up but it's often a military research departments with keynesian backing but i mean. i wouldn't if you do that i mean we all understand that you know the big reason that silicon valley is where it is that there was a massive investment in the jet propulsion laboratory going back into the space race i don't think that that invalidates what's happening knew we all as we all do use it what would what is your reaction to bricks and the way britain seems

polarized at the moment i'm pretty persuaded in the advantages of being part of the european union and the european union project and so i had an opportunity to vote in the referendum and i voted to remain having said that you know here we are at the end of two thousand and seventeen and the vote was taken and i think it's about taking the world is as it is today and i think that there are a couple of tremendous silver linings for where we are in the world today one and entire country and particularly a young generation has a powerful demonstration of the power of the vote. and you know for all of the hand-wringing that took place in the immediate aftermath about oh we kind of didn't really realize that voting was significant i think just demonstrated how precious and fragile and how lost the sense of the power of the vote that this is a choice that you individually and then collectively make was was lost and i think now has been has been recovered and then i think to what bracks it has done has

demonstrated powerfully to all of those who voted to remain that you do need to have a compelling narrative about the time that we live in and about the project that you want an empowered citizenry to get behind and participate in there was i thought i would say very little respect for the capacity of citizens to understand identify with and support a political project there was a lot of scare mongering and fear mongering and trying to be the all knowing elite telling you what the consequences will be and so how you should vote and very little of here is what we're trying to accomplish and do you support this vision of the future or that vision of the future because you know. i'm relying upon your wisdom as a citizen to make this choice there was there was a very little of that speech i don't aggress get out of thank you thank you that's it for the show will be back on wednesday the last time drags me on to the prime

minister's questions in britain's parliament before m.p.'s go away for their christmas holiday still and keep in touch by social media with you on wednesday twenty eight years of the day the united states killed thousands of civilians in panama to overthrow its own cia backed drug kingpin dick think that man will noriega good stuff following which is. what politicians to do something to. put themselves on the line to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president i'm sure. some who want to listen. to the right to be press will see what before three in the morning can't be good. i'm interested always in the waters about how. things should.

about it under the mat i did a lot of cut i didn't know my mother. in this new school but you know me most of. us just love. to you know call it. the. problem of sunday deductibility love to go get it that something is in a. time and most will go down. as become a. malcolm broomhead and no one would come to the club in the policemen to remove them from. mco somehow most of them still wanted to and they got to the. well to learn

how to live the from the out up to. the u.s. ambassador to the u.n. signals that washington will veto a draft resolution rejecting double trumps decision to recognize jerusalem as israel's capital. protesters take to the streets of the austrian capital vienna or off to a far right party takes key posts in the new coalition government. the afghan branch of islamic state attacks and intelligence training center in kabul as the terrorists look to increase that presence in the region. and boris johnson faces a roth to face isn't found as is about russia's potential perils ahead of the british foreign secretary first official trip to moscow.