it's and indeed one could argue that the election of donald trump was a major protest against both of the mainstream political parties by people who felt we need a huge big change and they could accomplish that at the ballot box even though voting is often supported by popular organization and demonstrations the two essentially are i think complementary parts of democracy they're not widely different so if you look at riots and revolution is generally right people who actually can't get themselves to get up from the couch go out in the street and protest and you know be very adamant about it are the act it wants right for it but that they salat majority majority of the country they're just too lazy to go out and they sit at home or maybe they're not lazy but we don't know what they think so how is it fair to judge by going to mass protests as an expression of a whole country well lazy is not a good description unless you've gone out and interviewed people and asked why

they're staying at home a lot of them simply have jobs and families well we're happy with everything we don't know that they're happy here's what we know in countries with a very youthful population you tend to have larger more violent more ideological revolutions because young people are wide open to the future they're not tied down with family obligations they're willing to take risks they're often more excited by the idea of change when you have a population that is older it's harder to get people into the streets it usually only happens if there is some process under way that already has got people thinking about change for the future but people who stay home are not usually lazy they're usually fearful and waiting to see is this really an opportunity for change am i going to make a difference or is this something i had better sit out and wait for a better opportunity for us and we're going to take a short break right now and when we're back we'll continue talking to professor jack. stone talking about the nature of revolutions and where the next revolution

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because while that same year the. downfall to newton was born it is talk of solace busy cut down towards justice costs. and we're back with professor jack goldstone professor so this spot what's that you speak about does this always work this way i mean if countries. half the country's populace is mostly made of young people are they really more prone to come out and revolve because young people are on compromising and young people are a great force for change it can be positive if an economy is doing well and young

people feel confident in their future that they can invest in their education if they can get jobs build families a country gets richer as a result of having a youth bulge that is. given the opportunity to create wealth if however you have a youth bulge that is educated and can't find jobs or is forced into dead end jobs that don't offer much of the future but they can't get the resources to build families then you're creating a tinderbox of ambition that has not been satisfied and may turn to protest or even violence if the opportunity comes so if we follow that logic does that mean one country that has an aging population has nothing to fear in terms of social unrest it has less to fear in terms of violence so if you look for example at turkey the gezi park protests were the beginning of a right a range of protests across turkey but they didn't turn violent iran right now is

kind of just approaching the age at which it's unlikely that there will be violent protests in the future and the two thousand and nine protests were not very violent and those that occurred this year were even more peaceful even though they apparently came more out of economic anger so i would say as countries around the world make sure their population gets older we have less to fear of the kind of really ideological violent revolutions that said there are a lot of young countries in the islamic world lot of young countries in sub-saharan africa so i don't believe the age of violent revolutions is over what we see in the yemen and syria that's where the youngest arab populations in the world. country government that is. the government of the country that is mostly made up of young population how do they make sure that it doesn't necessarily turn into evolution if things aren't going to well well if things are not going to well it's difficult to

avoid anger so it's necessary to start to give people an opportunity to see real change so giving younger people opportunities to join leadership organizations investing in. not just education but actually jobs that allow people to use their education so starting new projects building new research centers or communities encouraging foreign investment all of these things can help younger people who are ambitious feel you know this government is giving me a reason to have a stake in the future it's not giving me a reason to give up hope and then there's the money factor of course that alan talk about because apart from deeper ideological causes when people go out and protest they're. really just comes down to money and they need hot drinks blankets weapons so this is really also about who funds to revolutionize the success of our illusions and i say by who funds it i don't think you can put the success of

a revolution into who funds it simply because once people have become sufficiently energized and. anxious to create a revolution they're willing to take considerable risks putting their lives on the line and they're willing to endure quite a bit of hardship to take a change that they thought might never come and now they've got a chance to realise that change in their own lifetimes yes if there's going to be revolutionary mobilization people do need to be fed they do indeed be provided for but that usually comes from their families it may come from local businesses who want to support a change it rarely comes from outside and the reason is. countries that want to intervene in revolutions first they usually wait to see which way things are going to turn because they don't want to back a loser second they usually prefer to intervene with military force rather than just funding because intervening with some military force gives them confidence

that hey i'm a foreign power i want to influence events in this country if i just give money i don't know where that's going to go or what's going to happen but if i can give military support to my side i have greater confidence that they're going to end up on top well some would argue that actually revolutions could be a great investment let's say i don't know that the syrian uprising was funded by the gulf states and the ball shake revolution was funded by germans i don't know the national endowment for democracy help revolutions in serbia in ukraine. could you say that it is profitable to invest in a revolution i think revolutions are lousy investments because what you want in an investment is some degree of predictability of the outcome and one thing that's true about revolutions is their outcomes are very unpredictable but in general foreign countries that have tried to intervene in revolution have been frustrated you look at every country in europe that tried to reverse the french revolution and

failed you look at all of the countries who hoped that the arab spring would lead to something stable and predictable it did not so i don't i wouldn't advise any foreign country to suggest a new revolution invest in this i america has actually used a regime change as a foreign policy to quite a few times even after the cold war and just as few of the consequence days among others were i like taleban and i see could you really can you spark a revolution and then tame it. usually not the more likely you get a backlash and i think the cases you point out are good ones. so don't invest in a revolution because the consequences you have to. endure afterwards write worse than that at the end of the day revolutions gain strength from nationalism a revolutionary government usually justifies change by saying our nation that special and that we love will be better after we have a revolution if

a foreign power is too strongly identified with a revolutionary movement it can lose that nationalist appeal so it's just not a good idea for foreign powers to think yes we'll be able to control the revolution will be able to back it often supporting the revolution just leads to a backlash against the foreign power and an assertion of native nationalism that's against foreigners well was it fair to say that the revolutions of today always have a nationalistic tend to it because if you look at the communist revolutions and the past century there were organized by a very strict party and when you look at protests now there are these joint forces. people who are protesting did they were also of today not need an organized force anymore to read them let me ask you about human nature do you think it's mainly rational or emotional probably emotional and the emotional side of humanity

is what nationalism appeals to so revolutionaries often start with a rational plan we have an ideal of equality we have an ideal of a communist redistribution of goods we have an ideal of building a society that follows the koran there are beautiful moral ideals that inspire people to make revolution but at the end of the day to bring the masses over you need an emotional appeal and that is most commonly found through nationalism so whether it's the communist revolution in china the russian revolution even the american revolution at the end of the day which means after a decade to. decades what you have left is a strong nationalist attachment to the written new revolutionary regime that's what ends up winning at the end and what does the technological progress making for it the revolutions that are yet to come i mean in ancient egypt twitter and facebook how to unite people and that and more technology progresses more government control

they're raised over it that's correct what we find in the history of revolutions is a series of technological jumps and communication the printing press allowed pamphlets to play an important role in the puritan revolution and the french revolution in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries then the telegraph and radio played an important role in revolutions cable television was probably a bigger force than social media in igniting broad revolutionary movements in the arab spring it was the televising of protests and the self-immolation stories all of that really got out more through al-jazeera and then through social media the next round maybe social media or maybe something else maybe a bit coin financed revolution will be the next move what we do know is that people who want change will take advantage of whatever technology is available to try and

get around government control and then after the revolution the government will try and control the new technology we see that in china with its great fire wall using the internet more for the purpose of government management of society then opponents can use it for change now professor you've been studying revolutions all your life you probably have an insight of where next generation may take place. let me put it this way i wouldn't trust people who have been playing the stock market all their life to tell me where the next stock market movers going to be everybody missed the big downturn in two thousand and seven two thousand and nine experts missed the collapse of communism they did not expect the arab revolutions so i tell people revolutions are like earthquakes they're big powerful changes but that doesn't mean we can predict exactly when and where they will occur rather what we know about earthquakes is where the major fault lines are and i can tell you

where the major fault lines are for revolutions they're in countries that have weak governments elites that have ethnic or other divisions and populations that are still anxious for greater change than their governments can deliver you see a lot of those in sub-saharan africa parts of the middle east some of the countries in southeast asia and those along the endian spine of latin america so those are the areas i would watch with a higher likelihood of revolutions in the future but just like the big japanese earthquake a few years ago that took place on a fault that geologists had not mapped because it was fairly deep we might see a revolution someplace where we haven't yet mapped out the fault lines if there is a uprising a popular uprising say in hungary against the new strengthened party government maybe in turkey against everyone's newly authoritarian regime the possibility of revolution is always there if people sense in justice and an opportunity in the

weakness of the government and that's why i tell people until he live in a world where everyone is confident that their future will be bright we will see the risk of revolution coming back by professor thank you very much for this interesting engineering side of the world of revolutions good luck with everything thank you it's been my pleasure.

it's. it caught my ear year ago better because like nine hundred there said this was their year toy seventy to go to all kinds of crazy eyes and yeah it sure does our experiencing a bit of a fall back. everybody i'm stephen bob. taft hollywood guy usual suspects every proud american first of

all i'm just struck in r.v.'s to say this is my buddy max famous financial guru and we're just a little bit different i'm not. going to harness the inner with those up with all the drama happening in our country i'm shooting the road to have fun meet everyday americans. and hopefully start to bridge the gap this is the great american people. to.

talk he sent his tanks into syria to tackle kurdish militia being trained by the usa the pentagon says it wants more of these buying crowd which had this precedent for washington. america do not encroach on our board. let's be careful what you say the classified documents claim the u.s. national security agency is using voice recognition software to spy on people. and germany's political deadlock could be broken after the social democrats agree to start. talks with the locals party although it may leave the anti migrant party as the main opposition in parliament.

international life for almost goes to do with me an idea that you welcome to the program. military operation against kurdish forces is entering its third day with chris tanks now moving into syrian territory it comes after the us announces training kurdish militia to establish a new border force in the region. i am. america has acknowledged that two of its allies in the middle east are in conflict and the us defense secretary said washington had been consulted about turkish operations

with more. unbelievable is this real and nato member telling daddy you know i mean i mean come on behave yourself oral point a gun and am i exaggerating a bit mr aired on didn't say that these exact words but turkey's got a prime minister who pretty much did anyone who gives logistical support to the white b.g. is turkey's target for the record the white b.g. equals the kurdish army and for all these years who's been giving the kurds all kinds of support right. over the weekend the kurds were extended in all of branch that's what ankara calls its military op the kurds say they repelled an attack on sunday but where does that wipe e.g. get its guns. tapered on couldn't care less why washington's been helping the kurds to destroy eisel for this man the kurdish militias are no better than terrorists

that explains his latest messages to america because u.s. is in the process of creating a terror army on our border what we have to do is nip this terror army in the bud america do not encroach on our borders do not provoke us or we will run out of patience does anyone from the u.s. government have anything to say we urge turkey to exercise restraint and ensure that its military operations remain limited in scope and duration and scrupulous to avoid civilian casualties some very restrained counsel there to be restrained think about it mr aired on rants that america u.s. officials don't hit back turkey rolls up the tanks flies out the war play sends soldiers over the border washington basically keeps after all this isn't about kim who's slightest squeak makes donald trump for one war so perhaps the turks and the

kurds have succeeded in one thing together were juicing america to baffled silence . shortly after the u.s. military command announced plans for creating an armed border force washington backtracked the u.s. secretary of state said that the u.s. had no such plan and the situation had been misappropriated however russia's foreign minister thinks this is not one hundred percent true. comes the contradictions problem the recent u.s. announcement of creating an armed force along the syrian turkish border though in fact america continues its actions to establish control of a parts of serious territory close to turkish iraqi border in the meantime the u.s. scares the kurds away from the dialogue with damascus washington is encouraging separate ascends meant among the kurds there's been plenty of reaction coming from europe to you on the conflict in northern syria germany's foreign minister has said any military confrontation carries a known risk while france has called for an emergency un security council session

to be held later this month. we spoke with a former turkish foreign minister who believes that despite all the warnings from turkey the u.s. has triggered this conflict. if you notice it was not going to our churches church wouldn't they were ok look don't worry to. try to prove. that you can you should not. dream don't provide a mission to terrorist group which is linked to the. dangerous. book you know. using several excuses continue to. explode. rallies against the military operation have been held in europe and turkey demonstrators were met by a heavy police presence with reports the authorities used force to disperse crowds

at least twelve people have been detained scuffles broke out between police and protesters. the u.s. national security agency is using voice recognition software to spy on people and detect their locations that's according to the classified documents obtained by the media talking think it picks up the story so. much. sure you can tell. that i'm american and that. the n.s.a. however could do a lot more easily using my voice to identify who i am what language i'm speaking my gender and my dialect according to classified documents from the snowden archive the n.s.a. has been developing technology to identify a speaker using just their voice for years when sigyn to transcribers work the same targets for a long time they sometimes can identify a certain individual in recorded conversations just by the sound of his voice and

by his unique way of speaking this process was traditionally known as voice identification now rapidly improving technology is available that can do the same job mathematically the technology works by analyzing your voice is unique features to create an individual voice print and once the n.s.a. has that a single speaker can be almost instantaneously pinpointed even among massive databases now in two thousand and sixteen alone the n.s.a. corded more than one hundred fifty one million records of americans phone calls and that was after their bulk collection abilities were limited by congress so there's no telling how many voice print they could have at their disposal and theoretically a person could be instantly located and tracked down as long as a microphone is somewhere nearby and as edward snowden pointed out there's almost no escaping mix these days i don't think anybody would dog the police. chase terrorists paedophiles we don't talk you. just talk is he

says i what we're talking about is every good everything piece of data by everybody being collected scanned by software. steve you and you could start talking to the people involved in very legitimate things like demonstration stroy x. even you know people who vote the wrong way this was the government is concerned another fear is that speaker recognition could end up discouraging people from speaking out it has the potential to unmask anonymous sources or tracking journalists or whistleblowers and according to the intercept this technology isn't only in american hands either it looks like interpol the european union and china have their own version as well among others so you can run but you definitely cannot hide. and from collecting information to losing it to the u.s. federal court has revealed the n.s.a. deleted data connecting to illegal wiretapping carried out by the george w. bush administration the agency responded saying the data was removed to simply free up space on its hard drives. the presidential surveillance program internet data

most criteria that were broadly used to delete data of a certain type in response to mission requirements to free up space and improve performance of the backup system. the data in question was controversially collected after the nine eleven tragedy until until two thousand and seven it was initially ordered by the court to be preserved for further examination but has now been raised along with the backup tapes the information was deemed important to a number of pending lawsuits a former n.s.a. director and whistleblower we spoke to says this sort of data tends to disappear far too often. but it's a way of covering your backside so that when the investigation started in the get that they just can't let that data be exposed that's all it's just more evidence of their criminal activity the department of defense inspector general did the same thing with material against whistleblowers even that when the whistleblowers were in the court under to under criminal law and his agent in criminal trial they

destroyed evidence and it was only because it was exculpatory and they didn't want that out so now this is all deliberate even when they lie front of congress or to the people the united states or even the president or any of the cabinet it doesn't seem to matter then there's no accountability here the intelligence community has so much power i mean even senator schumer told the president trump that he shouldn't be attacking the intelligence community because they've got six ways to sunday to get back at you and these are the ways they do it now money doesn't talk when it comes to the u.s. congress which i mean shop for a third day as congressman failed to comment on the chill division on the u.s. budget while republicans and democrats struggle to come from i think the american public feel the pinch. america knows this is the trump shutdown my face is still sure shut down so i get that.