announced their intention of creating a thirty thousand strong border force washington backtracked the u.s. secretary of state says the u.s. had no such plan and that the situation had been misreported trade however russia's foreign minister has disputed that claim. the contradictions probably some u.s. announcement of creating an armed force along the syrian borders in fact america continues its actions to establish control of a parts of serious territory. in the us the kurds away from the dialogue with damascus washington is encouraging separate ascends meant among the kurds there's been plenty of reaction coming from europe too on the conflict in northern syria germany's foreign minister has said any military confrontation carries potentially unforeseeable risks while france has called for an emergency un security council session it will be held later on monday. we heard from a former turkish foreign minister about the situation he believes that despite all

the warnings from turkey the u.s. has been a major catalyst in the conflict. you know this was not going to our churches church wouldn't they were ok look i don't worry to. try to draw the attention. that you could you should not. train. a musician to the killers group which is linked to the. organization but. using. excuses continued to. explode. rallies against the military operation have been held in europe and turkey demonstrators were met by a heavy police presence with reports the authorities use force to disperse the crowds at least twelve people have been detained there we keeping

a watch on the situation along the turkish syrian border so stay with us. money doesn't talk when it comes to the u.s. congress which remains shut for a third day as lawmakers fail to agree on the u.s. budget and while republicans and democrats struggle to compromise the american public feel the pinch. america knows this is the trump shutdown my favorite still sure shutdown so let's get that nice little ring to it doesn't it senate democrats shut down this government a big fat failure. thank

you. unfortunately we cannot see your call today because congressional democrats are holding government funding hostage to an honestly good immigration debate due to this instruction the government shutdown. well china's state run news agency has given its analysis of the shutdown it says it's indicative of a spirit of non-cooperation in washington and a slap in the face for donald trump it's article also mocks the idea that the u.s. uses a near perfect model for running its affairs suggesting that people want

a system capable of swiftly resolving internal problems let's discuss this issue further now with angela an independent china specialist welcome to the program and julie now let's start with your opinion on the article what extent does this article represent the chinese government's view of the us political system. well i think that this is not the first time. the american government has shut down i mean in fact a number of for shutdowns happened in the past but this time it coincides with the perception of a kind of war fractures rivalry and confrontation between the two parties which the part find american politics even holding hostage to a number of national issues but let's look at it i mean. inside the this kind of controversy. they're very important question of what to do with the children

of the so-called illegal immigrants and of course the bad also informs party politics don't forget there is an upcoming midterm election for that you actually slightly to. the impact on who is going to hold the seats for all the number of seats in the house of representatives as well as one third of the seats in the senate so both parties are trying to jostling for various kind of rhetoric and positions to undermine the other party so i think that that's really part of the. american politics and revenge and rhetoric and undermining. each other but the language used in this article is quite provocative why do you think it was used in that way.

well i think that. i think what the the child abuse agency heart wants to highlight is that are the flaws in western democracies as opposed to. the politics in china or you know other countries. like russia for example and other developing countries but i think that this kind of filibustering as we are seeing in the united states as well as party ryrie are very much the stock of trade in western democracies they are seen as the kind of check and balance that is part of western democracy be democracies but the unfortunate thing is that all these. filibustering and party ryrie sometimes translate into holding back the country in the holding back each news which can impact upon the likelihood of people where it's a maybe

a one party state this is the case in china if there is a. light in leadership and then things get done much more quickly and there is less chance of forward in the country the whole country to ransom as it were i mean it is pretty much a standstill at the moment but. are you suggesting in that case that the u.s. political system is inefficient because of these dip disputes and the fact that the country has kind of come to a halt. well i think that no system is perfect. for all country. in the world i think each country has its own political system depending on his political background historical background as cultural background is that i am makes on the ground and so no no no system is perfect for the world but i think the controversy is that the west seems to hold the western

democracy as a one size fits all system that would be appropriate for all the countries in the world and i think that that view is disputed by china for instance which shows the view that course the china system is not perfect but is the system adopt a pirate china herself in the light of her particular challenges and also politicize the background of so and so forth ok we'll finish it there underlying really interesting conversation that independent china specialist time for coming on to a thriving q. . now a more violent hit the afghan capital kabul bringing all the details after this break.

here's what people have been saying about redacted in the vicinity of the lawn. the only show i go out of my way to find you know what it is that really packs a punch. yeah it is the john oliver of our three americans doing the same we are apparently better than nothing. i see people you never heard of love redacted the night my brother the world bank will tell you what you just write me a seriously send us an email. when i was told something seemed wrong why don't we all just don't hold. me. to shape out these days. and in detroit equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground.

welcome back to the program america's national security agency has the power to identify people by the sound of their voice they are forced to be using technology much more advanced not of imus and that's according to a report by some documents leaked by the agency's former contractor edward snowden . picks up the story. however if the rest of my voice there isn't much of my identity going to hell i'm going through but i'm american. i'm american i love. the n.s.a. however could do a lot more easily using my voice to identify who i am what language i'm speaking my gender and my dialect according to classified documents from the snowden archive the n.s.a. has been developing technology to identify a speaker using just their voice for years when sigyn to transcribers work the same target set for a long time they sometimes can identify

a certain individual in recorded conversations just by the sound of his voice and by his unique way of speaking this process was traditionally known as voice identification now rapidly improving technology is available that can do the same job mathematically the technology works by analyzing your voice is unique features to create an individual voice print and once the n.s.a. has that a single speaker can be almost instantaneously pinpointed even among massive databases now in two thousand and sixteen alone the n.s.a. corded more than one hundred fifty one million records of americans phone calls and that was after their bulk collection abilities were limited by congress so there's no telling how many voice print they could have at their disposal and theoretically a person could be instantly located and tracked down as long as a microphone is somewhere nearby and as edward snowden pointed out there's almost no escaping mix these days i don't think anybody would argue that the police. chase terrorists paedophiles who we don't talk you know about so it's just talk is

heat surveillance what we're talking that is everybody everything piece of data by everybody being collected and scanned by software thinking that looks deviant and he could stop talking see people involved in very legitimate things like demonstrations straw eeks even you know people who vote the wrong way this was the american government is considered another. here is that speaker recognition could end up discouraging people from speaking out it has the potential to unmask anonymous sources or tracking journalists or whistleblowers and according to the intercept this technology isn't only in american hands either it looks like interpol that european union and china have their own version as well among others so you can run but you definitely cannot hide. at least one person has reportedly been killed and two others are said to be missing after u.n. vehicle was attacked by armed men in the afghan capital earlier that's according to

local media citing security officials it comes just a day after a siege at a luxury hotel in couple left more than thirty people dead local journalist sorry reports. we broke the news afterwards i was able to speak to a police officer in couple of eyewitnesses in police district seventeen on the outskirts of kabul city and they said our main just stopped the vehicle outside of a street or an alleyway and they killed one individual who was inside the vehicle in their talk with them at least three people a woman and her child and possibly the driver of the vehicle they left the vehicle behind it's not clear who the kidnappers wore why the people inside the u.n. vehicle was targeted but we have had more criminalization in kabul on groups criminal gangs who have kidnapped you know foreign afghan nationals for

ransom what is a great source of concern how can this happen in a in a broad daylight where were the police you know who are these guys who are so. brave to go after u.n. employees for example we still don't know which part of the u.n. they were working for in this incident of the kidnapping only comes a day after the attack on the intercontinental hotel the government is very adamant that only nineteen people were killed but unfortunately at least forty four people were killed at least fourteen of them were employees of karma airline one of the major private airlines operating in afghanistan this in a city where gunfire is often unfortunately a sign of another terrorist attack and that's one of the biggest challenges i think for twenty team for the afghan government. in the household chores isn't exactly everybody's idea of fun although one russian cosmonaut might beg to differ these are pictures sent from the international space station showing him

hobbling around on a vacuum cleaner. top stories this hour don't forget to check us out on social media twitter you tube and our website about salty dot com i'll be back at the top of the hour with more of the latest news so don't go away. like the many clubs over the years so i know the guy even so i got. the ball isn't only about what happens on the pitch for the final school it's about the passion

from the fans it's the age of the super money kill the narrowness and spending two hundred twenty million. books it's an experience like nothing else on here because i want to share what i think what i know about the beautiful guy like great so will transfer. the case it's going to. prescribe medication is widespread on the u.s. market and a frequent cause of death at that point in my life i just felt like everything was ashes my family was literally coming unglued i had actually planned. to commit some sight was all who has made antidepressants so commonly used we were doing what the doctors told us to do we were being responsible and what the real side effects. was is generally all to what i did was done on

a cocktail most lethal drugs. just because something's legal doesn't mean it's same. class.

hello welcome to sophie and co i'm sophie shevardnadze attentions and societies sometimes reach a boiling point if not taken care of leading to revolutions how do they work and are they employed of all i ask professor jack goldstone scholar of revolutions former consultants to the us government and professor of public policy at the george mason university. when politicians ignore those they govern and the people's discontents becomes intolerable politics spills out from parliament chambers into the streets and squares what does it take to get from peaceful protests to an uprising a revolution just toppling governments really bring about the end of people. what happens after a revolution is successful. professor jack goldstone really great to have you on our program today welcome thank you very nice to be here by so let's start with tunisia i remember it was seen as sort of an arab spring poster child

now seventy years on the sea or has started yet with new protests and people are saying hardly anything has changed why is it as a success story well if you compare the conditions in tunisia to those in libya or syria or yemen it still looks great by comparison revolutions in general are messy uncertain. if you look at the situation in ukraine after the two thousand and fourteen revolution the transitions are all difficult at least tunisia is not in a civil war get to ukraine but if we talk particularly about tunisia because that's where the arab spring started. in comparison everything is different but if we talk in particular about tunisia the nothing has really changed within the borders of tunisia for the better i mean well i wouldn't say nothing has changed you have groups that are now active in politics that previously were shut out you have different coalitions forming what you don't have is

a kind of idealized utopian transition to denmark right you don't take a country that was middle income corrupt and authoritarian and instantly create a somehow rich modern peaceful country it takes a long time to complete that transition tunisia is having problems that's to be expected but it has not yet collapsed and that is worth applauding so if you look at the arab world as only home to like five percent of the world's population yet in accounts to how awful the terrorist attacks that take place in the whole world and there's still so much. and so much instability young people are growing more and more unhappy do you think there is a chance of a new our new revolt well we're never there is injustice and deep inequality there is always a chance of a revolt people get angry about injustice they will tolerate poverty they will

tolerate slow progress if they think their government is working in their interests but once they believe the government is no longer. taking care of them in any way if the government officials are simply enriching themselves you have the risk of revolt and i think certainly throughout the arab world that risk will continue. but just in a nutshell if with sas the whole arab spring that took place seventy years ago would you say it brought the region for. region any good or were pretty much where we started off i would say the results are mostly negative but again you could've said the same thing about the french revolution and seven hundred eighty nine it started off with great ideals and it plunged the entire continent into war the nature of revolutions is they nurture wonderful dreams they often run into difficult painful realities but in the long run of history revolutions often serve

the role of creating a change creating a space for something new to develop we don't know how long that will take revolution and we don't know what kind of change or what we know we don't in that sense a revolution is like giving birth you don't quite know ten or twenty years down the line what type of person your child will grow up to be but you need to have birth in order to have change so you brought up ukraine and obviously revolution in ukraine. big hopes and now people are looking back and they're saying the situation is so bad we might as well have a new revolution so i was wondering if revolution happens ones i mean durables destabilize country to a point where the country is prone to fall back into this arrest time and time again one of the difficulties with color revolutions is they are peaceful relatively but because no deaths i don't mean no deaths i mean you don't have a kind of mass terror and civil war it's hard to have a revolution without

a few some number of people a few dozen a few hundred maybe even a few thousand but the great revolutions killed anywhere from. tens of thousands to millions so the color revolutions are more peaceful by comparison but they also tend to be less complete in the changes they bring you don't have a new government that completely extinguishes its enemies you don't have a new government that develops new sources of revenue or new ways of doing business that's rather a partial change and for that reason there are a lot of problems that remain unsolved and there's always a risk of going back there is what i call a partial or incomplete change that has the potential for regression or for further progress but in either way is not yet complete so what does it take for a successful revolution i relish is just like a revolt i mean does it take more than a clean siddons and angry population to make it

a successful revolution or there is much more to it if it was that easy there'd be more revolutions in history than there are in order to overthrow a regime it does take popular discontent and popular mobilization but it also requires actors with in the leadership of the regime who feel that the regime is no longer serving the national interest you need people in the military or the bureaucracy or both who are willing to see the regime change otherwise they would be able to put down a popular revolt that did not have support at higher levels so one talk about america a little bit because there's also a rise in more radical movements like we see the black lives matter there is the right and the other flank i mean this groups aren't exactly prone to dialogue and compromise they're actually quite uncompromising is there a chance that they could actually radicalize american politics or it's a thing that will pass well if you talk to a lot of people in america they feel our politics have already been radicalized

democrats and republicans are not talking to each other that much president donald trump seems to be something different he's not a conventional republican. he's certainly not friends with the democrats he seems to represent something else at what he calls the voice of the forgotten people by which he means rural small town america which is not being well served by the forces of globalization automation meritocracy and so we essentially have a radical popular movement aiming to restore something like the america post world war two when america felt it seemed the dominant country in the world that's what a lot of americans long for sometimes movements that which is cited to the party and yes and also the black wax matter and the plank do you feel like they have a real chance of succeeding and getting nowhere with being at the helm of the country well black lives matter is succeeding in bringing police reform there are

a lot of people who are quite distressed and we now require police to wear cameras when they carry out arrest so we have a record of what's happened but let me point to another radical movement and that is the hashtag made to a movement to say the traditional ways that men have interacted with women are not going to be accepted anymore yes we live in a patriarchal society but that does not mean men in power can impose their will on women or men who are their juniors and this has led to the downfall of some extraordinarily wealthy and powerful white men in america who thought they were untouchable so i'm thinking massive protests in the united states that have taken place in recent years like there are millions marching against war in iraq. a lot of people writing against police killing of black people unjustly. sit ins at the caught up pipeline and really they brought nothing. why is that why are the

protests of today weaker than let's say those of the sixty's because they really made ground it's a very good comparison i grew up with the riots of the sixty's and they had an enormous impact on civil rights women's rights and of course ending u.s. involvement in vietnam right now the movements that we're seeing tend to be specific to a particular cause as you said stop a pipeline here deal with police brutality focus on women's problems now the great thing about america is when people want to express themselves they have the right to protest to assemble to create sit ins disruptions and that has always been a healthy part of american politics it's less effective now because the people who are looking for change have not come together in a broad national movement instead you have a number of limited movements now in american history when there was a time of major changes the little movement sometimes coming together and produce

a big outcome i think that was the case in the one nine hundred sixty s. it may be the case in twenty eight teen if there is a transformative democratic wave that leads to electoral change perhaps we'll see movements come together but we don't know yet all i can tell you is there is potential but so far it remains divided so you've said many times that actually people need to come out in the street and protest time to time to remind the government what they want and why they are unhappy but shit this is and overthrowing the government of these protests are for instance ignored by the government no of course not the advantage of a democracy is that people can vote to change the government without having to overthrow it in the streets and indeed one could argue that the election of donald trump was a major protest against both of the mainstream political parties by people who felt we need a huge big change and they could accomplish that at the ballot box. even though

voting is often supported by popular organization and demonstrations the two essentially are i think complementary parts of democracy they're not widely different so if you look at riots and revolutions generally right people who actually can't get themselves to get up from the couch go out in the street and protest and you know be very adamant about it are the act it wants right right but that they salant majority majority of the country they're just too lazy to go out and they sit at home or maybe they're not lazy but we don't know what they think so how is it fair to judge by going to mass protests as an expression of a whole country well lazy is not a good description unless you've gone out and interviewed people and asked why they're staying at home a lot of them simply have jobs and families but we are happy with everything we don't know that they're happy here's what we know in countries with a very youthful population you tend to have larger more violent more ideological

revolutions because young people are wide open to the future they're not tied down with family obligations they're willing to take risks they're often more excited by the idea of change when you have a population that is older it's harder to get people into the streets it usually only happens if there is some process under way that already has got people thinking about change for the future but people who stay home are not usually lazy they're usually fearful and waiting to see is this really an opportunity for change am i going to make a difference or is this something i had better sit out and wait for a better opportunity from as it were then take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to professor jack stone talking about the nature of revolutions and where the next revolution may take place stay with us.