staying at home a lot of them simply have jobs and families well we are happy with everything well we don't know that they're happy here's what we know in countries with a very youthful population you tend to have larger more violent more ideological revolutions because young people are wide open to the future they're not tied down with family obligations they're willing to take risks they're often more excited by the idea of change when you have a population that is older it's harder to get people into the streets it usually only happens if there is some process under way that already has got people thinking about change for the future but people who stay home are not usually lazy they're usually fearful and waiting to see is this really an opportunity for change am i going to make a difference or is this something i had better sit out and wait for a better opportunity to wrestle with and take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to professor jack stone talking about the nature of revolutions and where the next revolution may

take place stay with us. here's what people have been saying about redacted in the us is that it is full on . the only show i go out of my way to launch you know what it is that really packs a punch oh yeah john oliver of r t america is doing the same we are apparently better than that and see people you've never heard of love back to the night

president of the world bank very. seriously send us an e-mail. the four page memo detailing extensive fizer corps to be used change the course of what is known as russia gate also does the trumpet ministration syria policy make any sense and who's the real bully trump or the media. prescribe medication is widespread on the us market and a frequent cause of death and. like everything was ashes my family was literally coming unglued i had actually planned. to commit some sight watch all who has made antidepressants so commonly used we were doing what the doctors told us to do we were being responsible and what the real side effects. was. what i did was done on

a cocktail of legal drugs. just because something's legal doesn't mean it's saying. hey everybody i'm stephen ball. hollywood guy. every. that american interests george bush and. this is my buddy max the famous financial guru is a little bit different. you know with with all the drama happening in our country and. every day americans. start to bridge that gap this is the great american.

and we're back with professor jack goldstone fessor so this what's that you speak about does this always work this way i mean if countries have if countries populace is mostly made of young people are they really more prone to come out in revolt because young people are on compromising as well young people are a great force for change it can be positive if an economy is doing well and young people feel confident in their future that they can invest in their education if they can get jobs build families a country gets richer as a result of having a youth bulge that is. given the opportunity to create wealth if however you have a youth bulge that is educated and can't find jobs or is forced into dead end jobs

that don't offer much of the future but they can't get the resources to build families then you're creating a tinderbox of ambition that has not been satisfied and may turn to protest or even violence if the opportunity comes so if we follow that logic does that mean a country that has an aging population has nothing to fear in terms of social unrest it has less to fear in terms of violence so if you look for example at turkey the gezi park protests were the beginning of a right a range of protests across turkey but they didn't turn violent iran right now is kind of just approaching the age at which it's unlikely that there will be violent protests in the future and the two thousand and nine protests were not very violent and those that occurred this year were even more peaceful even though they apparently came more out of economic anger so i would say as countries around the world mature their population gets older we have less to fear of the kind of really

ideological violent revolutions that said there are a lot of young countries in the islamic world lot of young countries in sub-saharan africa so i don't believe the age of violent revolutions is over what we see in the yemen and syria that's where the youngest arab populations in the world. country government that. the government of a country that is mostly made up of young population how do they make sure that it doesn't necessarily turn into evolution if they aren't going to well well if things are not going to well it's difficult to avoid anger so it's necessary to start to give people an opportunity to see real change so giving younger people opportunities to join leadership board. as ations investing in. not just education but actually jobs that allow people to use their education so starting

new projects building new research centers or communities encouraging foreign investments all of these things can help younger people who are ambitious feel you know this government is giving me a reason to have a stake in the future it's not giving me a reason to give up hope and then there's the money factor of course that alan talk about because apart from deeper ideological causes when people go out and protest they're really just comes down to money and they need hot drinks blankets weapons so this is really also about who funds to revolutionize the success of our illusions and by who funds it i don't think you can put the success of a revolution into who funds it simply because once people have become sufficiently energized and. anxious to create a revolution they're willing to take considerable risks putting their lives on the line and they're willing to endure quite a bit of hardship to take a change that they thought might never come and now they've got

a chance to realise that change in their own lifetimes yes if there's going to be revolutionary mobilization people do need to be fed they do need to be provided for but that usually comes from their families it may come from local businesses who want to support a change it rarely comes from outside and the reason is. countries that want to intervene in revolutions first they usually wait to see which way things are going to turn because they don't want to back a loser second they usually prefer to intervene with military force rather than just funding because intervening with some military force gives them confidence that hey i'm a foreign power i want to influence events in this country if i just give money i don't know where that's going to go or what's going to happen but if i can give military. support to my side i have greater confidence that they're going to end up on top well some would argue that actually revolutions could be a great investment let's say i don't know that the syrian uprising was funded by

the gulf states and the bolsheviks revolution was funded by germans i don't know the national endowment for democracy help revolutions in serbia in ukraine. could you say that it is profitable to invest in a revolution i think revolutions are lousy investments because what you want in an investment is some degree of predictability of the outcome and one thing that's true about revolutions is their outcomes are very unpredictable but in general foreign countries that have tried to intervene in revolution have been frustrated you look at every country in europe that tried to reverse the french revolution and failed you look at all of the countries who hoped that the arab spring would lead to something stable and predictable it did not so i don't i wouldn't advise any foreign country to suggest a new revolution invest in their side america has actually used a regime change as a foreign policy to quite a few times even after the cold war and just as few of the consequence these among

others who are like taleban and i see could you really can you expect a revolution and then tame it. usually not more likely you get a backlash and i think you get the case as you point out are good ones so don't invest in a revolution because the consequences you have to. endure afterwards right worse than that at the end of the day revolutions gain strength from nationalism a revolutionary government usually justifies change by saying our nation that special and that we love will be better after we have a revolution if a foreign power is too strongly identified with the revolutionary movement it can lose that nationalist appeal so it's just not a good idea for foreign powers to think yes we'll be able to control the revolution will be able to back it often supporting the revolution just leads to a backlash against the foreign power and an assertion of native nationalism that's

against foreigners well was it fair to say that the revolutions of today always have a nationalistic tends to because if you look at the communist revolutions and. past century there were organized by a very strict party and when you look at protests now there are disjointed forces of people who are protesting did there were also today not need an organized force anymore to loot them let me ask you about human nature do you think it's mainly rational or emotional probably emotional and the emotional side of humanity is what nationalism appeals to so revolutionaries often start with a rational plan we have an ideal of equality we have an ideal of a communist redistribution of goods we have an ideal of building a society that follows the koran there are beautiful moral ideals that inspire

people to make revolution but at the end of the day to bring the masses over you need an emotional appeal and that is most commonly found through nationalism so whether it's the communist revolution in china the russian revolution even the american revolution at the end of the day which means after a decade two decades what you have left is a strong nationalist attachment to the written new revolutionary regime that's what ends up winning at the end and what does the technological progress made for it the revolutions that are yet to come i mean in ancient egypt twitter and facebook how to unite people and that more technology progress is more government control there is over it that's correct what we find in the history of revolutions is a series of technological jumps in communication the printing press allowed pamphlets to play an important role in the puritan revolution and the french revolution in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries then the telegraph and radio

played an important role in revolutions cable television was probably a bigger force than social media in igniting broad revolutionary movements in the arab spring. it was the televising of protests and the self-immolation stories all of that really got out more through al-jazeera and then through social media the next round maybe social media or maybe something else maybe a bit coin financed revolution will be the next move what we do know is that people who want change will take advantage of whatever technology is available to try and get around government control and then after the revolution the government will try and control the new technology we see that in china with its great fire wall using the internet more for the purpose of government management of society then opponents can use it for change now professor you've been studying revolutions all

your life you probably have an insight of where next generation may take place. let me put it this way i wouldn't trust people who have been playing the stock market all their life to tell me where the next stock market movers going to be everybody miss the big downturn in two thousand and seven two thousand and nine experts missed the collapse of communism they did not expect the arab revolutions so i tell people revolutions are like earthquakes they're big powerful changes but that doesn't mean we can predict exactly when and where they will occur rather what we know about earthquakes is where the major fault lines are and i can tell you where the major fault lines are for revolutions they're in countries that have weak governments elites that have ethnic or other divisions and populations that are still anxious for greater change than their governments can deliver you see a lot of those in sub-saharan africa parts of the middle east some of the countries

in southeast asia and those along the endian spine of latin america so those are the areas i would watch with a higher likelihood of revolutions in the future but just like the big japanese earthquake a few years ago that took place on a fault that geologists had not mapped because it was fairly deep we might see a revolution someplace where we haven't yet mapped out the fault lines if there is a uprising a popular uprising say in hungary against the new strengthened party government maybe in turkey against everyone's newly authoritarian regime the possibility of revolution is always there if people sense in justice and an opportunity in the weakness of the government and that's why i tell people until he live in a world where everyone is confident that their future will be bright we will see the risk of revolution coming back my professor thank you very much for this interesting engineering side of the world of revolutions good luck with everything

thank you it's been my pleasure. big oil mine here every year again better because like mine a hundred talk to profiteer said this was their year toy strategy to go to all kinds of crazy eyes and yeah it sure did our experiencing a bit of a fall back. on the stand here from us and. move on what. are no good armor on our show but the rather tough it out before for america is

that. i'm going to let compared to my next question then you can man keep an eye on what i did flew to china for the truffle that it is living. below the world then now mind my michelle the times i know it does. me only in mind the. numbers set up around the hey fun of doing. good for tofu but choice the i knew where you're from and pay off big time in syria says. he she ought to have a. model for the africa will fuck around with mr hates it for jim and then boil the whole thing is our family for. the money.

i've played for many clubs over the years so i know the game inside out it's. football isn't only about what happens on the pitch pull the funnel school it's about the passion from the fans it's the age of the super manager billionaire owners and spending two hundred twenty million on one player. so it's an experience like nothing else i want to get close i want to share what i think what i know about the beautiful game a great so one more chance for. the base this minute. yes but it would lead. you. in the last election i. mean we're going to we will see you all but you know one of the things that often will push it out so. can you think you.

know i'm a scotsman you but you could still be you know you didn't feel he should resign you feel good. you were a young girl but. i will say for the armor if you can you can use. i. i. i i i i. i i. i i.

mean it's really parliament during a speech by the u.s. vice president mike pence went on to a nonstop america will be moving its embassy to jerusalem as soon as next year. the head of the british army say he's russia is one of the u.k.'s biggest threats and is calling for more money to countries. u.s. senators agreed to vote in favor of a funding bill on the partial government shutdown allows them to keep working for. the united nations to launch a humanitarian operation in syrian curtis saying that the majority of civilians

there are in desperate need of help it comes as its military operation against the armed kurdish groups in the region. pm in montreal eight pm in madrid on ten at night here in moscow this monday january the twenty second welcome to r.t. international our top story u.s. vice president. america's embassy in israel will move to jerusalem next year. president trump has directed the state department to immediately begin preparations to move the united states embassy from tel aviv to jerusalem and that united states embassy will open before the end of next year well this announcement by the american vice president is hugely controversial and no doubt will be met with the same kind of backlash that met the announcement by the american president donald

trump last month when he stated that is the capital of israel now they were protests that were held as the american vice president landed in his well yesterday there were posters with his face on that were trampled on and thrown about at the same time a day of rage has been called for tomorrow tuesday in the palestinian territories the palestinian leadership is boycotting this visit by the american vice president now that protest actually moved inside the israeli parliament today just as paris was about to start his speech members of the arab joint list this is the third largest faction in the israeli parliament and it represents some four arab dominated israeli political parties these lawmakers stood up and started shouting and holding plaque cards that said that jerusalem is the capital of palestine is the supreme court. citizens of israel.

thank you thank you israeli parliamentarians gave mike pence a long standing ovation to try and detract attention away. i would members of parliament cry that at the same time there is off wage that has been happening for the past few weeks since the american president said he recognizes to receive them as israel's capital both here inside israel in the palestinian territories gaza and in the international community. i. was. i was the.

know i know the palestinian president mahmoud abbas is currently in brussels way he is meeting with the e.u. foreign policy chief now the e.u. has criticised earlier statement that he recognizes jerusalem as israel's capital and have said that they stand by their commitment of a two state solution or we spoke to a member of yes really parliament who walked over during the speech of mike pence. well we decided from the beginning that we were to deliver a message that there is at least twenty five twenty or thirty percent of the people in israel do not welcome him or his policy or to the policy of his administration that we see that danger in leading such kind of. told. support to binyamin netanyahu the government the fact that ben's wanted to declare

that today that they they are moving the american embassy to jerusalem ses very clearly that they don't care what the palestinian people see as their right this brings a lot of anger and outrage among the palestinians i hold that this relationship will not deter mortar we hope that the palestinian our palestinian people are well find a way to express their outrage and their anger about such kind of the collaboration without losing a lot. moving on the united nations is preparing your humor czerny an operation in syria in kurdistan it say some sixty percent of the population there are in urgent need of help it comes as turkey continues to attempt to drive the local kurdish militia forces well it's intervention follows washington's

announcement that it plans to establish a new border force in the region which will include kurdish fighters who are regarded. as terrorists. ok let's break down how the power is actually distributed in the border region the areas in yellow here are held by various kurdish militias and it is here in the african region the latest flashpoint in syria where turkey is carrying out its military operation it's receiving backing from syrian rebel groups in this area here in green turkish tanks have reportedly been closing into on the city of homs i

prevent intends to turn its attention here to beach and the syrian kurds have already asked the u.s. led coalition for support washington for its part has called on turkey quote to limit its offensive in. scope president has shot back though telling the u.s. to worry about its own campaigns in iraq and afghanistan and takes a closer look now at the troubled relationship between the two nato allies. unbelievable is this real a nato member telling daddy you know i mean for me to come in behave yourself or all point a gun at you am i exaggerating a bit mr aired on didn't say that these exact words but turkey's got a prime minister who pretty much did anyone who gives logistical support to the white b.g. is turkey's target for the record the white b.g. equals the kurdish army and for all these years who's been giving the kurds all

kinds of support right. over the weekend the kurds were extended in all of branch that's what ankara calls its military op the kurds say they repelled an attack on sunday but where does that wipe e.g. get its guns. tapered on couldn't care less why washington's been helping the kurds to destroy eisel for this man the kurdish militias are no better than terrorists that explains his latest messages to america the us is in the process of creating a terror army only to what we have to do. in the but america do not encroach on our borders do not provoke us or we will run out of patience does anyone from the u.s. government have anything to say we urge turkey to exercise restraint and ensure that its military operations remain limited in scope and duration and scrupulous to avoid civilian casualties some very restrained counsel there to be restrained think

about it mr aired on rants that america u.s. officials don't hit back turkey rolls up the tanks flies out the more play sends soldiers over the border washington basically keeps stop after all this isn't about can. fly this week makes donald trump for one war so perhaps the turks and the kurds have succeeded in one thing together were juicing america to baffled silence . well shortly after u.s. military officials announced their intention of creating a thirty thousand strong border force washington backtracked the u.s. secretary of state says the u.s. had no such plan and that the situation had been mis portrayed however russia's foreign minister the spirits that. comes the contradictions probably send us announcement of create an unarmed force along the syrian turkish border in fact

america continues its actions to stop this control of a parts of serious territory close to the border in the meantime the u.s. scares the kids away from the damascus washington is encouraging separatist sentiment among the kurds yeah there's been plenty of reaction coming from europe too on the latest development in northern syria germany's foreign minister has said any military confrontation could potentially carry huge risks and fronts call for an emergency un security council session author abdel bari atwan told us he believes the us has made a mistake by trying to break up syria and create a kurdish state. i think be aware miscalculating there and when they are going to choose either he or the they made that believe me when they to actually fly.