why is because you can't have different grades of nuclear war was a nuclear war is settled then i think a total destruction of the world is what is likely to happen and we don't want that to happen because we know from scientific evidence that the use of one different can cause lorenda as destruction and as structuring this structure so ambassador as you've read which i'm adding to my point that that is exactly why it's never really going to happen i mean even people who have nuclear weapons understand what you're saying right now that is not an argument because that means that we have to be all lucky you know that a few days ago if our way there was a wrong button press and there was a thirty eight million it's an absolute panic now this could happen again and the panic and then willing to one foolish man using a button to press the right button and said oh nuclear exchange so that is way

the risk of exeter's of very great in this tense atmosphere that we have we can't trust to luck we know that you will be sent graces was narrowly averted as a result of responsible behavior on the part of the russian federation or the soviet union at the time and the united states but we got always trust to luck and that is why we need to have better controls with regard to the possibility of nuclear more being settled so america's nuclear modernization is underway and detractors are crying foul over a potential new arms race but isn't orderlies saying making the weapons an arsenal safer more up to date better. everybody is modernizing their modernization he does not need that you are making it safe by modernizing you building bigger and better weapons and refining the systems that you are using.

and that is where it is very dangerous to continue with this modernization as a dismantling of weapons is the way to go as you did very well by that are labs agreements between the also it union and the united states and. multilateral agreements so we need to move now to those actually having talks between the nuclear weapons states so that we reduce the level of danger. all right ambassador we're going to take a break right now when we're back we'll continue discussing whether global disarmament is a realistic goal with charted on a pallet of four over here right in nations under secretary for disarmament it's our state.

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isn't only about what happens on the pitch for the final school it's about the passion from the fans it's the age of the shaper money just kill you narrowness and spending to get to the twenty million one player. it's an experience like nothing else not to because i want to share what i think of what i know about the beautiful guy my great so will more chance for. peace minute. we're back with jan to donna palo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament affairs discussing global disarmament issues

a master of the pentagon is proposing a nuclear response to devastating cyber attacks previously only extreme biology call attacks warranted a nuclear response and the u.s. doctrine is just a sign that nuclear weapon use is becoming more acceptable in military minds or is it just posturing to scare potential adversaries and i mean we shouldn't worry about it too much. the new nuclear posture review of the example of illustration has been leaked and we don't know over there it's an accurate measure of what is the actual nuclear posture review and that it will imply that new weapons systems are being planned by the united states more money is going to be watered for nuclear weapons and this is not you is fading i think we need to wait until february when the nuclear posture review will come out under obama the situation was much better we had a nuclear posture review which had progress somewhat from its previous origins

under bush but now it seems to be played backwards and i think we have to be very very careful but i like to do kind of positive side under twenty two countries well to last year to conclude a treaty which is going to ban nuclear weapons now it is true that the nine countries that have the weapons have not to need to eat. me majority have actually we're going to we're going to get back to what you're saying later because i want to ask a couple of questions about the nuclear posturing or united states because hypothetically speaking if there isn't a clear response how they will be sure to properly attribute the blame for a cyber attack i mean is that really impossible to tell who is responsible for that sort of thing well i think there is sufficient. refinement of these systems now to be able to source an attack that comes because there are various

ways in mit's activities on the center scale can be traced and there are what they call the evil ecological needs of iran if you are wrong and then you hit someone else accidentally an innocent timid of a risk. well it is it is a risk but i think people are loaded up that risk unless they are very certain of being able to get the target that they're airing for us and best during the beginning of the program you have mentioned the cyber danger for nuclear weapons i mean do you mean that they can really be hacked from outside are they really that unprotected as you claim there is a risk of it and that i think has to be judged and that has to be taken into account by those who manage nuclear weapon systems then surely it all risks a limit because even one percent of the risk is intolerable because that would need

all the destruction of the nuclear system as well as perhaps the accidental explosion of a nuclear warhead so. if we look at statistics right not hypothetical is two years ahead some people was enough to show us all that it's like way too much already for seventy years we have prophetic may explode haven't actually sent them into action perhaps that's just the way it's going to be i mean having the weapons but not using them and really what's wrong with that we can't be sure absolutely a hundred percent sure that the weapons will be there and not use because someone will want to risk using it somebody will decide to play. chicken or something like that on this issue well we may have another cuban missile crisis where we go right to the edge and then don't abandon the possibility of using it because we'll sense may not prove it. you propose an iran deal type of scenario to

get the international community out of debt and that they nuclear disarmament talks are currently in the iran deal was a huge diplomatic breakthrough but look where it is now i mean president trump is threatening to scrap it i mean does this mean that the collective effort and the will of the international community will always be left at the mercy of superpowers . unfortunately it will be left to us from civil suit was because you remember that under obama the united states agreed to having the knee went with the iranians and it was working really well in fact from all accounts which the i.a.e.a. year which is monitoring the implementation the a.j.c. be always working very well and distant from press no justification except be pushed into this by an italian who has his own motives in doing this so we need to

listen not to the hawks dissolves and i think that is what is important in the current global situation that we have shot like is that on the world stage donald trump is behaving much more radically than his predecessor and listen issues like north korea and iran even though nothing too horrible has been done yet and is making everyone uneasy as this was going to be from now on the us being at odds with the international community a person provocative the plumber say or do they really once trump's term is over it will just go back to how things were before what so what we don't know where his term is going to be all because he's been elected for four years and he'll probably run again for elections or whether it will of course depends already is popular to rating is way of knowing in the united states and yes there are some indications that we need to be lections we're not ruling it's fair we don't depend on these

waves of the electoral system of the electorate and mood of the united states we have to have people magic solutions political solutions and i think it's just the responsibility of the other looked over and says to compose these solutions and challenge mr bush to come to the negotiating table. or at some better you imagined earlier the band that general sampler put on nuclear weapons last year what's the point of this non-binding ban voted for largely by countries without the clearest i mean is it going to be at is it going to stop anything. you know we have several nuclear weapon three zones of the world and those zones were created by non-nuclear states the nuclear weapon free zones are working well because they are also signed by the nuclear weapon states in terms of protocols they've sent a laser nuclear weapon freeze on. african nuclear weapon fields all of that in

american and so on no these are working very well so what i say is the fact that the nuclear weapons this have not agreed to the ban which was agreed on last year does not mean that the ban is totally useless because we are getting a large number of non-nuclear weapons there sort of demonstrated that they do not want to nuclear weapons so that's a positive step so as a whole disarmament movement basically aimed at preventing uncontrolled nonproliferation rather than getting rid of weapons of mass destruction in today's world is doing it's doing more it's once to prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons but it also wants to do clear weapons already in the hands of andries must be reduced and that is nuclear disarmament so book what courses of action have to be taken but what that's what's one of them is a more realistic cause and them are realistic scenario which of them is working

better there was a time when you play design members also working very well because there will be moments between the two major nuclear weapons they're set is the world soviet union and the united states to get rid of their where. they had started one and start to and needs are working well and fortunately there has been for some years now. hard in this there was a shift i think need to really jump start the bilateral talks between the russian and. racial and the united states but it takes two to tango and therefore the leadership of both sides must be believed to do this to tell you something honestly can the united nations really do something about weapons of mass destruction beyond talking and accepting resolutions and we know what korea's example clearly shows here resolutions don't work is the u.n.

relevant to efforts to control nuclear weapons or maybe some other organizations have to step in and before of course before i'm still with that well i think the united states and the united. other countries with nuclear weapons are ready to next step the leadership of the united nations if it makes it was a do and i think it's up to now the second region of the new set of the general to come up with a solution that we have with regard to north korea for example or some other countries we need to see because i think we have not explored the full extent of the willingness or the deal to talk on this issue so you don't feel like when it to form a separate body that would actually take care of that issue in particular there is no need to reinvent the wheel because we have sufficient number of organizations

the will to do examined it will see asians there is a conference of design wins in geneva which is the sort of multilateral negotiations body and maybe a special in lloyd's where there tasks i think we have to just get on with the gender and make sure that the climate is set right for libya to come to the negotiating table. the u.n. secretary general antonio terrace has just recently said that confidence building measures are needed to help in nonproliferation and disarmament i mean what's confidence building measures it sounds like bureaucrats speak to me what does it mean here you must set the stage to make the new rules the actions there is. it better us in the legacy is that there is some rewards will there come to the negotiating table and i think if that was done. between don't leave will

come now there are already only significant he's talking about marching under the same playbook the truth is that they are doing things which will be held in the republic of korea i think that's a step forward and he was working on that a lot of that has been done will despite all the negatives about the city that he has got there is this just or that he has a lot which will be built or. bastard on the palace thank you for this interview we're talking to a author don apollo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament affairs discussing their real grace of an accidental nuclear catastrophe that is threatening our world and the need for nuclear disarmament that is it for this edition of sophie and co i will see you next time.

about your sudden passing i've only just learned you worry yourself and taken your last wrong turn. to caught up to you as we all knew it would i tell you i'm sorry suddenly i could so i write these last words in hopes to put to rest these things that i never got off my chest. i remember when we first met my life turned on each breath. but then my feeling started to change you talked about war like it was again still some more fun to feel those that didn't like to question our arc and i secretly promised to never be like it said one does not leave

a funeral in the same as one enters my mind it's consumed with death this one quite different i speak to you now because there are no other takers. claimed that mainstream media has met its maker. this is harlan kentucky. over all of this move the boy says it was very funny.

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with. russia's paralympian team is banned from the upcoming winter games though athletes will be allowed to compete as neutrals. the officers were implicated in the system so it's not a matter of if i think it's fair it's a matter of meeting a criteria that was approved by you see a governing board. that is their incomes as the world anti-doping agency launches a new probe into claims that the latest generation sample containers can easily be tampered with. islamic state claims it carried out an attack on a military academy in kabul leaving eleven servicemen and injuring sixteen it's the latest in a string of terrorist atrocities in afghanistan that have left over one hundred people dead. fashion giant h. and m.

is embroiled in another control of the city after shoppers claim to see the word allah written on its new song we round up some of the many other things that have offended the public lately. a very warm welcome i'm neki aaron and this is r.t. international good to have you with us this i would start with breaking news on into r.t. international the international paralympic committee has upheld its ban on team russia for the upcoming twenty eight hundred twenty games how. i have a clean russian athletes that will be allowed to compete in south korea in march and neutral flag peter all of it joins me now live with more on the decision and peter what does the ruling mean. for what this

means is the ban that was in place for the rio summer games back in twenty sixteen has been held for the upcoming. winter olympics winter power olympics it does mean though the russian athletes will be able to compete neutral so that means no mentioning of russia on their team uniforms no flag no national anthem what we did hear from the president of the international olympic committee while he was appalled ing. was that there has been great strides made against doping in russia he said that there was no confidence in the anti doping system in place in russia today where is previously there had to be in what they saw is corruption and comp complacency however the president did tell me this under these ruling it was

still possible that clean athletes would be banned from competing in. the after it were implicated in the system so only the absolute state we can prove and therefore they meet strictly the criteria that was set up are the ones that we are allowed to compete so it's not a matter of if i think it's fair or not it's a matter of meeting a criteria that was approved by the a.p.c. governing board. all sixty seven russian athletes that had hoped to take part in the power olympic winter games were tested did test positive however what we're hearing is only around thirty to thirty five. it would be able to take part to take those neutral slots that's due to the criteria that the p.c. president just spoke about there but this announcement comes on the day of another big development in the world of doping relating to the bottles the samples are

actually. caught in the sun where the samples are provided to these a samples and b. samples and these containers are supposed to be impossible to open however. just up the road from where i am in cologne they found that when frozen those bottles open very easily now that's important because they be samples or they're the ones that are frozen and those be samples are the ones that are crucial to proving if an athlete is guilty or innocent of having used performance enhancing drugs now just a little while ago i spoke to the chief medical director of the international power a limp committee i'll be back in around an hour or so to bring you more on what he says about that developing story as well ok peter looking forward to that that's our tease peter all over with the latest there now before today's i.p.c. announcements there were calls for a complete ban on team russia the head of germany's paralympic committee said the

decision should not differ from that which was taken in rio. when it was and now when it announced its decision the i.p.c. said that russia had failed to meet two conditions for it to be allowed to compete again r.t. if he goes down of takes a closer look at russia's paralympic soccer. all of them have a disability but each and every one of them have proven themselves very able they spent years defying the odds training for the rio twenty sixteen paralympics they had a dream but what they got instead was reality. delivered from the word of. the you don't want on totals war or know about the. world to. believe in all. my years least with no. ears lois even if. you will approach the

post but it is all that may. cause also for me to start with the part i live when as a target you look. these people are cheats apparently by the standards of the international paralympic committee at least weeks before the games in brazil the whole russian team was hit with a blanket ban not a single athlete allowed to participate the decision was based on a report its evidence and key witness still suspicious to those named and shamed the mclaren investigation accused russia of running a labrador open scheme orchestrated by the kremlin store brass according to the report a key russian lab routinely swapped dirty samples for clean ones resealing the bottles how did the russians do it a lot of people would love to hear mclaren's take on this mcclaren says his word is evidence enough that i've seen it i've seen it done in i've inspected it and it can

be done it can be reinserted we don't know how the russians did it but we know they can be done the report revolves around the eyewitness account of grigori watching of he is the former head of moscow's anti doping lab and says he was one of the cogs in the doping conspiracy in russia he's a want. man facing charges for destroying doping samples and abusing authority this is a clear violation of the burden of proof and assumption of innocence it's a to kelly and legally not acceptable in doping cases it is a well established rule you have to prove as a doping agency that for ninety nine point nine percent somebody has doped mclaren report is not proven after to make a collective ban on all at leeds there must be something else and d. cells is politics presumption of innocence out of the window guilty by

association these people have been stripped of everything their flag national anthem and colors. we care about how the russians completing it until they got it the right policy but sure they are clean nation never mind cleaned out they are to be a clean nation in the wake of the scandal russia admitted to having a doping problem and has since tightened the legal screws only a handful of countries across europe consider doping a criminal offense russia now does yet the paralympic committees decision has been to ban and those guilty by association get sports capital punishment. it was done of r.t. . to discuss this further i'm now joined by alan moore host of capital sports on moscow's capital f.m. radio station hello alan always good to see you and now the i.p.c.

president said banning our face is not a matter of fairness it's about meeting the criteria what do you think about that line of argument. go to charity again i mean i think he says himself that it doesn't matter what he thinks it is fair or not he said that they're just holding to this line. everything that is said today i mean it. is a little bit of given that they're low some assets between thirty thirty five to compete a lot of a still doesn't make sense because ultimately as we all know this diseases are based on an informant kind of wish to get away from russia so i mean did this is based on roger i think we have a very very careful in how we deal with this further other. athletes the power of astley's they are already presumed guilty before they have a chance to prove their innocence well and shouldn't clean test results be that a ticket to the paralympics. so you get nicky i just miss

out shooting clean it tends to result be the ticket to be lympics the paralympics. first sure for sure and i mean they're wanting to say is that we know that there will be key in our sleeves there and you know it was raised at the press conference i think was asked by one of our russian colleagues and you know look we know that there was an intensive testing going to last olympics he said oh we're here to speak very young giant not a loss olympics but as we know before real there was an absolute absence of testing for most of the legal not russian athletes with general feats so i mean you know if you start testing clean regardless of what went before the guards of this criminal enterprise i was ruined by you gregory or chunk of not just within russia but when i saw it in russia as well i mean you know athletes who've been testing clean and the last you know twelve or seventeen months as mr parsons brought up.