the one years in hiroshima well that is one way of looking at it but i think if you me again with tactical nuclear weapons you bend it on a slippery slope and you tend to do with the whole world so i think no nukes is better than having even a small and you because it's very difficult to control the slated to flu scare nuclear war when you start with one year and that's why i think it will be very very suicidal for the human race being age in any kind of nuclear exchange so doesn't the nuclear war amends destruction for everybody how can it be difficult if white is because you can't have different grades of nuclear war was a nuclear war is central then i think total destruction of the world is what is likely to happen and we don't want that to happen because we know from scientific

evidence that the use of one different get lost lorenda us destruction has started this structure so ambassador and you bring me to my point to my point that that is exactly why it's never really going to happen i mean even people who have nuclear weapons understand what you're saying right now. that is not an argument because that means that we have to be all lucky you know that a few days ago a phone why there was a wrong button press and there was still thirty eight minutes absolute panic now this could happen again and the panic and then going to one for each man using a button to press the right button and set over nuclear exchange so that is way there are risks of exodus of very great in this tense atmosphere that we have we can't trust to luck we know the cuban missile crisis was narrowly averted as a result of response in the behavior on the part of the russian federation or the

soviet union at the time and the united states but we got always trust to luck and that is why we need to have better controls with regard to the possibility of nuclear more in central america is there clear modernization is underway and detractors are crying foul over a potential new arms race but isn't what and ising making the weapons and the arsenal safer more up to date better everybody is modernizing their weapons and by modernization it does not need that you are making it safe it may be modernizing you are building bigger and better weapons and refining the systems that you are using. and that is where it is very dangerous to continue with this modernization as a dismantling of weapons is the way to go as you did build there were by that alarms agreements between the also it union and the united states and. multilateral

agreements so we need to move now to as actually having talks between the nuclear weapons saves so that we would use the level of danger. all right ambassador we're going to take a break right now when we're back we'll continue discussing whether global disarmament is a realistic goal which is chanted on apollo the for united nations under-secretary for disarmament it's our state to. years ago i traveled across the united states exploring america's deadly love affair with a gun if

a bad guy tried to get to one of my family members he would have better a lot better and i think they are encouraging when i buy my babies since my book was published in the year two thousand more than hoff a million americans have been killed by phones in the us going out is thought to me as i did this is a middle school we go through drills and we put ourselves some real scenarios it was interesting to see who actually got hit. and i just saw it it's a return to the subject to track down each gun owner who i'd met and photographed those years who god i don't know this but we are not. with this manufacture consent to stick to the public well. when the ruling classes protect themselves. with the final

merry go round to be the one percent. we can all middle of the room sick. to lose the real nudists rule the world. we're back with john todd on apollo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament affairs discussing global disarmament issues a master. the pentagon is proposing a nuclear response to devastating cyber attacks our previously only extreme biological attacks warranted a nuclear response and the u.s. doctrine as does a sign that nuclear weapon use is becoming more acceptable in military minds or is

it just posturing to scare potential adversaries and i mean we shouldn't worry about it too much the new nuclear posture review well the example of illustration has been leaked and we don't know it's an accurate measure of what is the actual nuclear posture review and that it will imply that new weapons systems are being planned by the united states more money is going to be watered for nuclear weapons and this is no you is right straight that i think we need to wait until it's really when the real nuclear posture review will come out until one of the situation was much better we had a nuclear posture review which had various somewhere's from its serious origins under bush but now it seems to be very backwards and i think we have to be very very careful to look at it was a two sided i don't read twenty two countries well to last year to conclude

a treaty which is going to ban nuclear weapons now i just feel that that made countries that have the weapons so not to need to eat a little a majority have actually we're going to we're going to get back to what you're saying later because i want to ask a couple of questions about the nuclear posturing the united states because hypothetically speaking if there isn't a clear response how can we be sure to properly attribute the blame for a cyber attack i mean is it really impossible to tell who is responsible for that sort of thing. well i think there is sufficient. refinement of these systems now to be able to source and track that comes because there are various ways in bits activities on the sender scare can be traced and. what they call evil ecological needs a plan if you are wrong and then you hit someone else accidentally i mean isn't

a bit of a risk well it is it is a risk but i think people are loaded up that risk unless they are very certain of being able to get the target that they're airing will also investor in the beginning of the program you have mentioned a cyber danger for nuclear weapons i mean do you mean that they can really be hacked from outside are they really that unprotected as you claim there is a risk of it and that i think has to be judged and that has to be taken into account by those who manage nuclear weapons systems then surely it all risks a limit because even one percent of the risk is intolerable because that would need all the destruction of the nuclear the system as well as perhaps the accidental explosion of a nuclear warhead so. if we look at statistics right not happens at

a cost to years of nixon people was enough to show us all that it's like way too much already for seventy years we have perfect it may explode haven't actually sent them into action perhaps that's just the way it's going to be i mean having the weapons but not using them and really what's wrong with that. we can be sure absolutely a hundred percent sure that the weapons will be there and not to use because someone will want to risk using it some believe will decide to play. chicken or something like that who on this issue well we may have another cuban missile crisis if we go right to the edge and then don't abandon the possibility of using it now because we'll sense may not prove it he proposed an iran deal type of scenario to get the international committee out of the data and that they need clear disarmament talks are currently in the iran deal was a huge supply not a breakthrough but look where it is now and the present trump is threatening to

scrap it i mean does this mean that the collective effort and the will of the international community will always be left at the mercy of superpowers. unfortunately it will be left to us from civil suit was because you remember that under obama the united states agreed to having the media went with the iranians and it was working really well it's fact from all accounts a year which is monitoring the implementation the a.j.c. be always working very well and distance from pres no justification except be pushed into this by an italian who has his own motives in doing this so we need to listen not to the hawks will kill themselves and i think that is what is important in the current global situation that we have shot like is that on the world stage donald trump is behaving much more radically than his predecessor alyson issues

like north korea and iran. though nothing too horrible has been done yet and is making everyone an easy as this was going to be from now on the us being at odds with the international community a person provocative the plumber say or do they really once trump's term is over it will just go back to how things were before what so what we don't know where the system is going to be all of because he's been elected four years and he will probably run again for the elections or whether even when he was the bench already is the rating is way of knowing in the united states and yes there are some indications that we need to be lections we're not willing it's fairer we don't depend on these illegal leaves of the electoral system of the electorate has moved in the united states we have to have diplomatic solutions political solutions and i think it's just the responsibility of the other looked over and says to propose

these solutions and challenge mr bush to come to the negotiating table. or at some better you have mentioned earlier at the band that general sampler put on nuclear weapons last year what's the point of this non-binding ban voted for largely by countries without the clearest i mean is it going to be at is it going to stop anything. you know we have several nuclear weapon three zones of the world and those zones were created by non-nuclear states the nuclear weapon free zones are working well because they are also signed by the nuclear weapon states in terms of protocols they've sent a laser nuclear weapon freeze on a african nuclear weapon freeze all of that in american and so on no these are working very well so what i say is the fact that the nuclear weapons this have not agreed to the ban which was agreed to and last year does not mean that the ban is

totally useless because we are getting a large number of non-nuclear weapons there sort of demonstrated that they do not want to acquire nuclear weapons so that's a positive step so as a whole disarmament movement basically aimed at preventing uncontrolled nonproliferation rather than getting rid of weapons of mass destruction in today's world is doing evil it's doing more of its wants to prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons but it also wants to do clear weapons already in the hands of andries must be reduced and there is nuclear disarmament so a lot more courses of action have to be taken but what that's what's one of them is a more realistic cause and them are realistic scenario which of them is working better there was a time when you played design members also working very well because there were the moments between the two major nuclear weapons they're set is the world soviet union

and the united states to get rid of their where. they had started one and start to and these are working well and fortunately there has been for some years now. it's hard to know this they will see a shift that they need to really jump start the bilateral talks between the russian and. racial and the united states but it takes two to tango and therefore the leadership of both sides must be believed to do this to tell you something honestly can the united nations really do something about weapons of mass destruction beyond talking and accepting resolutions and we know what korea's example clearly shows here resolutions don't work is the u.n. relevant to efforts to control nuclear weapons or maybe some other organizations have to step in and if or of corby forms to deal with that well i think the united states and the united. other countries with nuclear weapons are ready to

next the leadership of the united nations if it makes it was a do and i think it's up to now the second region of the new set of the general to come up with a solution that we have with regard to north korea for example or some other countries we need to see because i think we have not explored the full extent of the willingness of the d.v.r. to talk on this issue so you don't feel like when and to form a separate body that would actually take care of that issue in particular there is no need to reinvent the wheel because we have sufficient number of organizations the will to do examined it will see asians there is a conference and examined in geneva which is the sort of multilateral negotiations body and made

a special in lawyers for their tasks i think we have to just get on with the gender and make sure that the climate is set right for the libya to come to the negotiating table. the u.n. secretary general antonio terrace has just recently said that confidence building measures are needed to help in nonproliferation and disarmament i mean what's confidence building measures it sounds like bureaucrats speak to me what does it mean you know you must set the stage to make. the new rules yes in speed there is. a better us in medieval see is that there is some reward for their going to the negotiating table and i think if that was. the beginning don't leave will come now already only isn't going to count he's talking about marching under the same playbook the truth is that there are we doing things which will be held very

small in the republic of korea i think that's a step forward and he was working on that a lot of that has been done will despite all the negatives about this issue that he has got there is this just or that he has a lot which will be a bit of a bastard and a palace thank you for this interview we're talking to a author don apollo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament affairs discussing their rail grace of the accidental nuclear catastrophe that is threatening our world and the need for nuclear disarmament that is it for this edition of sophie and co i will see you next time.

it. exists is hotter than kentucky. overall in this move the boy says it was very funny using. a co money city with almost no coal mines left. the jobs are gone all the coal was a said that there was a lot of to see these people the survivors of a world disappearing before their eyes. i remember thinking when i was younger that if anything ever happened to the coal mines here that it would become a ghost town but i never thought in the million years i would see that and it's how it's happened. but i was selling you on the idea that dropping bombs brings police to the chicken hawks

forcing you to fight the battles that still. produce offspring the tell you that so because of the public by itself the supporters. of the hoth of advertising tell you on the cool enough and let's buy their products. all the hawks that we along the gulf will watch.

was. the international paralympic committee upholds its ban on the russian team despite admitting the country's anti doping system is no longer corrupt and says only off of russia's athletes who can prove clean can't compete as neutrals. islamic state says it's behind an attack on a military academy in kabul which left eleven servicemen dead and injured sixteen the latest in a string of terrorist atrocities in afghanistan that have killed more than a hundred. and it's come to light fitness bracelets not only reveal the secrets of your health but also secret locations around the world where soldiers have been training.

this is an international coming to life from moscow on cape partridge thank you for joining us. the international paralympic committee has upheld its ban on the russian team for the upcoming winter games some clean athletes but not all will be allowed to compete in sas career in march under a new trial flag i.p.c. president andrew possum said moscow house it met all the criteria for lifting the suspension but he confirmed russia's anti doping system has made great progress. russian prophecies are regularly tested and they are amongst the most scrutinized after its in the world. under the supervision of wider we now have a greater confidence that the anti doping system in russia is no longer compromise and corrupt the competitors from russia who will be allowed to take part in the

games will do so under the nationality of neutral paralympic athlete it means not only national symbols such as the anthem and flag will be banned but also attribution to a country the international paralympic committee says the decision is meant to send a message to russia we hope that our decision here announced today it will influence russia for the ratio to have a different approach on that because they haven't met the criteria and the grittiest stays for restatement of. by whether also have an in their criteria a fully or acknowledgement of what happened that there was a systematic doping scheme in place in russia. or since the accusations of systematic doping first emerged russia's overhauled its on to doping institutions this was due to the findings of the mclaren report which had been prompted by allegations made by former moscow head turned whistleblower getting a lot chink of however despite the progress not all the clean at leats will be able

to go to the games if there is sixty seven tested and cleared of doping only thirty to thirty five will be allowed to participate and they must meet a list of criteria that confirms not of them was ever implicated in the doping scheme knowingly or unknowingly radio sports alan moore believes all clean athletes should be allowed to compete. everything that is said today i mean it. is a little bit of given it that they are low some assets between thirty thirty five to compete but a lot of a still doesn't make sense because ultimately as we all know this diseases are based on an informant's kind of a wish to get away from russia so i mean did this is based on logic of i think we have to be very careful in how we deal with this for special deals athletes the power of athletes they are already presumed guilty before they have a chance to prove their innocence athletes who've been testing clean and the last you know twelve or seventeen months as mr parsons brought up they should be allowed

to compete we go back to thirty or thirty five athletes will go right now we believe but i do believe there's more to it introject to calling this tale. well earlier on monday the world anti-doping agency opened an investigation into a potential glitch found in its new sample bottles and accredited laboratory in germany has found out the tamper proof bottles introduced last september could be manually opened after being frozen two samples are taken during a doping test one of them is back up which is usually frozen the bottles opportunist by the same swiss company that made those claims have been manipulated by russia during the twenty fourteen sochi games. the berlinger bottles have been used as i was saying for decades and it's only with mclaren that suddenly it turned out that they can be opened we need to see a video of how they're opened how easily they're opened we need to have the berlinger experts involved and we need to have third party experts involved to determine what is the real situation here the schmidt commission it took them

a long time it took them months of testing and devising some tool and then they were able to open some you know couple of dozen bottles but this was an elaborate procedure with a huge team of people working for days and weeks on end so this idea that the bottles can be easily opened is very eroni us well the allegation is based on those claims led to the initial ban on the russian power to the team in twenty sixteen they were bought from the rio games just weeks before the competition got underway egos done off looks back at how the scandal unfolded. all of them have a disability but each and every one of them have proven themselves very able they spent years defying the odds training for the rio twenty sixteen paralympics they had a dream but what they got instead was reality. delivered from

the word of. the you don't want them to war and the. world to. know. my using a smoke now. he has loyalists even if. you will of the post but it is all that many of them had there in your skull stormiest to start with the part i live where me as a target look. these people are cheats apparently by the standards of the international paralympic committee at least weeks before the games in brazil the whole russian team was hit with a blanket ban not a single athlete allowed to participate the decision was based on a report its evidence and key witness still suspicious to those named and shamed the mclaren investigation accused russia of running a labrador scheme orchestrated by the kremlin store brass according to the report

a key russian lab routinely swapped dirty samples for clean ones resealing the bottles how did the russians do it a lot of people would love to hear mclaren's take on this mclaren says his word is evidence enough i've seen it i've seen it done in i've inspected it and it can be done it can be reinserted we don't know how the russians did it but we know that it can be done the report revolves around the eyewitness account of grigori watch and of he is the former head of moscow's anti doping lab and says he was one of the cogs in the doping conspiracy in russia he's a want. man facing charges for destroying doping samples and abusing authority this is a clear violation of the burden of proof and assumption of innocence it's a chick league and legally not acceptable in doping cases it is

a well established rule you have to prove as a doping agency that for ninety nine point nine percent somebody has doped mclaren report is not proven enough to make a colleague steve baron normal all athletes there must be something else and does else is politics presumption of innocence out of the window guilty by association these people have been stripped of everything their flag national anthem and colors. we care about how the russians completing it until they got it the right policy but sure they are a clean nation never mind cleaned up they are to be a clean nation in the wake of the scandal russia admitted to having a doping problem and has since tightened the legal screws only a handful of countries across europe consider dropping

a criminal offense russia now does yet the paralympic committees decision has been to ban and those guilty by association good sports capital punishment it was done of r.t. . islamic state says it carried out monday's attack on a military academy in the afghan capital kabul killing eleven servicemen and injuring sixteen local journalist bailout so ari reports. there were five suicide attackers two of them killed by afghan national security forces and another two of them detonated their explosives and one of them was detained said jacket a rocket propelled grenade in for a k forty seven s were seized the. almost two about four hours residence in that area reported hearing loud explosions there was the use of having small weapons so the fact that these militant groups

can really strike the world in target these key military institutions as well as. security areas in kabul remains a serious source of concern for people living here in kabul today's attack is deadly one for the afghan national security forces remember they were killed not on a front line somewhere in some remote district or in a province where this is every day of fighting i think that alone tells you that cities including kabul is becoming another. front in the afghan government just continues to struggle to prevent these militants from carrying out these attacks. afghanistan is experiencing a wave of deadly terror attacks with three in the past ten days alone.