fares and plane diplomatic solutions political solutions talking about tangents political tensions between big powers neither the us nor russia are ready to start disarming and tensions between them are growing and they're actually siding which will threat so do you what do you do to sometimes feel that your choice for disarmament is overshadowed in today's political reality at the moment yes we are not seeing any prospects of negotiations but i think we must continue to pursue that and i think you know the united nations with its new sifu didn't as a major rule to be made and that is something that we would like to see to do clearly since it is time that the united nations is given an opportunity of negotiating to some and direct the. pentagon is now considering deploying smaller so-called tactical nukes what does that mean for the risk of a nuclear confrontation breaking out i mean is it more attempting to nuclear bomb when you know it's only

a as powerful as the one used in hiroshima. well that is one way of looking at it but i think if you me again with a tactical nuclear weapon you bend it on a slippery slope and you tend to do with the whole world so i think no nukes is better than having even a small and you because it's very difficult to control the slated to flu scare nuclear war when you start with one year and that's why i think it will be very very suicidal for the human race thing age in any kind of nuclear exchange so doesn't the nuclear war immense destruction for everybody how can it actually difficult if why do it because you can't have different grades of nuclear war was a nuclear war is central then i think a total destruction of the world is what is likely to happen and we don't want that to happen because we know from scientific evidence that the use of one by one can

cost lorenda as destruction and as structuring this structure so a basket as you break with a map to my point that that is exactly why it's never really going to happen i mean even people who are having a clear weapons understand what you're saying right now. that is not an argument because that means that we have to be all lucky you know that a few days ago a phone why there was a wrong button press and there was still thirty eight minutes absolute panic now this could happen again and the panic and then going to one hundred forty six men using a button to press the right button and set over nuclear exchange so that is way there are risks of axis of very great in this tense atmosphere that we have we can't trust to luck we know that the cuban missile crisis was narrowly averted as a result of response in the behavior on the part of the russian federation or the

soviet union at the time and the united states but we got always trust to luck and that is why we need to have better controls with regard to the possibility of nuclear more being settled so america's nuclear modernization is underway and detractors are crying foul over a potential new arms race but isn't what are not making the weapons and the arsenal safer more up to date better everybody is modernizing their weapons and by modernization it does not mean that you are making it safe it never modernizing you are building bigger and better weapons and refining the systems that you are using . and that is where it is very dangerous to continue with this modernization as a dismantling of weapons is the way to go as you did build there were by that alarms agreements between the also it union and the united states and. multilateral

agreements so we need to move now to us actually having talks between the nuclear weapons staves so that we would use the level of danger. all right ambassador we're going to take a break right now when we're back we'll continue discussing whether global disarmament is a realistic goal was chanted on apollo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament a sorry state. across europe municipalities are taking their water supply back from private companies to

meet the seals with simple song alone even some company else where they can find private companies to take over the utilities anybody tell us that opel. might be cool. this is. for you the lift bill brought up locals are ready to stand up for the basic human rights of access to water it's about water but it's also over much more than water it's about the hurt and the redistribution of all or whether it's on their date downwards do you want or. don't want more sell you on the idea that dropping bombs brings police to the chicken hawks forcing you to fight the battles that don't. produce locks for the tell you that some of the public less important. off the bad guys and tell me you're on the cool enough and let's fight.

all the hawks that we along with all the walking. you know we're back with john ted on apollo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament affairs discussing global disarmament issues a master of the pentagon is proposing a nuclear response to devastating cyber attacks previously only extreme biology call attacks warranted a nuclear response and the u.s.

doctrine is just a sign that nuclear weapon use is becoming more acceptable in military minds or is it just posturing to scare potential adversaries and i mean we shouldn't worry about it too much. the new nuclear posture review of the example of illustration has been leaked and real no over the it's an accurate measure of what is the actual nuclear posture review and that it will imply that new weapons systems are being planned by the united states more money is going to be watered for nuclear weapons and this interview is straight i think we need to wait until they've really been the real nuclear posture review will come out under obama the situation was much better we had a nuclear posture review which had progress somewhat from its serious origins under bush but now it seems to be very backwards and i think we have to be very very

careful but i like to the kind of positive side i read twenty two countries will do it last year to come to a treaty which is going to ban nuclear weapons now i just feel that the nine countries that have the weapons have not to need to eat issue not only majority have actually we're going to we're going to get back to what you're saying later because i want to ask a couple of questions about the nuclear posturing the united states because apathetically speaking if there isn't a clear response how can we be sure to properly attribute the blame for a cyber attack i mean is it really impossible to tell who is responsible for that sort of thing well i think there is sufficient. refinements of these systems now to be able to source an attack that comes because there are various ways in mit's activities on the center scale can be traced and. what they call evil ecological means of plan if you are wrong and then you hit

someone else accidentally an innocent until they have a risk. well it is it is a risk but i think people are loaded up that race unless they are very certain of being able to get the target that their image will also invest during the beginning of the program you have mentioned a cyber danger for nuclear weapons i mean do you mean that they can really be hacked from outside are they really that unprotected as you claim there is a risk of it and that i think has to be judged and that has to be taken into account by those who manage nuclear weapon systems then surely it all risks a limit because even one percent of the risk is intolerable because that would need all the destruction of the nuclear the system as well as perhaps the accidental explosion of

a nuclear warhead so. if we look at statistics right not happens at a cost to years ahead some people was enough to show us all that it's like way too much already for seventy years we have prophetic may explode haven't actually sent them into action perhaps that's just the way it's going to be i mean having the weapons but not using them and really what's wrong with that we can't be sure absolutely a hundred percent sure that the weapons will be there and not to use because someone will want to risk using it some believe will decide to play. chicken or something like that who on this issue well we may have another cuban missile crisis if we go right to the edge and then don't abandon the possibility of using it well because we'll sense may not prove it. you propose an iran deal type of scenario to get the international community out of the data and that they nuclear disarmament talks are currently in the iran deal was

a huge diplomatic breakthrough but look where it is now i mean president trump is threatening to scrap it i mean does this mean that the collective effort and the will of the international community will always be left at the mercy of superpowers . unfortunately it will be left to us from civil suit was because you remember that under obama the united states agreed to having the knee went with the iranians and it was looking really bad effects from all accounts which a year which is monitoring the implementation be a j.c.b. always working very well and distant from pres no justification except be pushed into this by an italian who has his own motives in doing this so we need to listen not to the hawks little dissolves and nagging that is what is important in the current global situation that we have shot like is that on the world stage donald

trump is behaving much more radically than his predecessor alyson issues like north korea and iran. though nothing too horrible has been done yet and is making everyone an easy as this was going to be from now on the us being at odds with the international community a person kovacic of the plan to say or do they really wants trumps term is over it will just go back to how things were before what so what we don't know where this term is going to be all because he's been elected four years and he'll probably run again for elections or whether even when of course depends already is related to rating is why the no in the united states and yes there are some indications that we need to be lections we're not ruling it's fair we don't depend on these waves of the electoral system of the doctor and the mood of the united states we have to have before magic solutions political solutions and i think it's just the response

ability of the other you give up and says to compose the solutions and challenge mr bush to come to the negotiating table. or at some better you imagined earlier the band that general sampler put on nuclear weapons last year what's the point of this non-binding ban voted for largely by countries without the clearest and when is it going to be at is it going to stop anything. you know we have several nuclear weapons the zones of the world and those zones were created by non-nuclear states the nuclear weapon free zones are working well because they are also signed by the nuclear weapon states in terms of protocols they sent a laser nuclear weapon freeze on. african nuclear weapon fields all of that in american and so on no these are working very well so what i say is the fact that their nuclear weapons their seven not agreed to the ban which was agreed on last

year does not mean that the ban is totally useless because we are getting a large number of non-nuclear weapons there sort of demonstrated that they do not want to nuclear weapons so that's a positive step so as a whole disarmament movement basically aimed at preventing uncontrolled nonproliferation rather than getting rid of weapons of mass destruction in today's world is doing evil it's doing more of its wants to prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons but it also wants to do clear weapons already in the hands of andries must be reduced and there is nuclear disarmament so a lot more courses of action have to be taken but what that's what's one of them is a more realistic cause and the real are realistic scenario which of them is working better there was a time when you played design members also working very well because there were the moments between the two major nuclear weapons they're set is the world soviet union

and the united states to get rid of their where. they had started one and start two and knees are working well unfortunately there has been for some years now. it's hard to know this was iesous i think need to really jump start the bilateral talks between the russian and. racial and the united states but it takes two to tango and therefore the leadership of both sides must do believe to do this to tell you something honestly can the united nations really do something about weapons of mass destruction beyond talking and accepting resolutions and we know what korea's example clearly shows here resolutions don't work is the u.n. relevant to efforts to control nuclear weapons or maybe some other organizations have to step in and with or of corby forms to deal with that well i think the

united states and the united. other countries with nuclear weapons are ready to next step the leadership of the united nations if it makes it was a do and i think it's up to now the second region of the new set of the general to come up with a solution that we have with regard to north korea for example or some other countries we need to see because i think we have not explored the full extent of the willingness or the deal to talk on this issue so you don't feel like when and to form a separate body that would actually take care of that issue in particular there is no need to reinvent the wheel because we have sufficient number of organizations the will to do it examined it will see asians there is a conference of design wins in geneva which is the sort of multilateral

negotiations body and may special in mauritius where their tasks i think we have to just get on with the gender and make sure that the climate is set right for the libya to come to the negotiating table. the u.n. secretary general antonio terrace has just recently said that confidence building measures are needed to help in nonproliferation and disarmament i mean what's confidence building measures it sounds like bureaucrats speak to me what does it mean you know you must set the stage to make the nurses were negotiations there is is it better us in the legacy is that there is some rewards will there come to the negotiating table and i think if that was. a big if you don't need to come now they're already only significant he's talking about marching under the

same thread of the truth is that there are we doing things which will be held in the republic of korea i think that's a step forward and he was working on that. that has been doing well despite all the negatives but this issue that he has got now is this just or that he has lost which will be a bit of a bastard and a palace thank you for this interview we're talking to jay off and on apollo the former united nations undersecretary for disarmament affairs discussing their real race of the accidental nuclear catastrophe that is threatening our world and the need for nuclear disarmament that is it for this edition of sophie and co i will see you next time.

this is harlan kentucky. the place you could walk through st john easily. a co money since he was almost no coal mines left. the jobs are gone all the coal mines the said i'd. love to see these people the survivors of disappearing before their eyes. i remember thinking when i was younger that if anything ever happened to the coal mines here that it would become a ghost town but i never thought in the million years i would see that and it's how it's happened. thanks guys just

by the natural survival guide. when customers go buy your supplies. then else well reducing flour. that's undercutting but what's good for market is not good for the global economy. readings and salutation so far and wide across the land there's no greater waster of money than the unaccountable government saying the money isn't wasted to be used in the private sector of course it is it's just the government waste it just it just hurts a little bit more you know that knife cuts just a little bit deeper when you're dealing with government waste because when a private company weighs money it's generally their own that they're wasting but want to government waste money well. that's yours and mine and all of ours

essentially being thrown down the proverbial six hundred dollar toilet or the twenty four million dollar refrigerator yes yes they really are paying twenty four million for a new big league refrigerator on air force one from city hall to capitol hill here in the united states of america our leaders love to waste our tax dollars especially when it comes to lawsuits cover ups and settlements as the citizens of the great state of new jersey have discovered after their investigative journalist over at the asbury park press revealed that quote governments across the state from the smallest towns to some of the largest cities have spent more than forty two million this decade to cover of deaths physical abuses and sexual misconduct at the hands of bad cops forty two million and that's just across the state of new jersey imagine what it's like in all the other states reporters also found that more than sixty eight new jersey police officers are facing facing discipline more

instead paid bout seven hundred thousand in tax dollars to quietly ride off into the sunset. and yet. they still ask and wonder why we are and always will be watching the hawks. but you get the. real thing with. the plot of. the day like you that i got. this. week. well the rebels are watching the harks like a robot and on top of the well if that's a lot of millions that's a lot of millions a lot of waste i'm going incredible amount of waste i call it waste because my mind

if you're paying out settlement then you're hiring bad officers just right especially valid large of a number i get their started i can't predict every now and again but when i'm forty two million that's a lot of waste and you know six hundred dollars for a toilet twenty four million for a refrigerator does there's a lot there's a lot of waste and in my mind i think we have so much ways that the government really because i don't think so a lot of the people there really feel like they are that they did the body all they didn't want to lection taxpayers just keep pouring a band that's kind of like what it has to say this is the thing is it seems like there is a certain sense of entitlement that happens when a lot of politicians i think you can always spot the politicians who aren't in it for the right reasons they're really public servants they're serving themselves and maybe a small group of people just their constituency and really just the one percent of their constituency is that you can see it because the people who back up this kind of wasteful spending who come to that thing of saying well they feel entitled they

feel entitled to fancy new curtains in their office and all those out and there's a certain amount of. there's an ethical bone in your body i can't imagine going in as a public servant and being like i want to try for a million dollar for it or i want this or signing off. questioning like paying for this rumor or you know those people that put got me elected or in this case for new jersey like who's paying for forty two million and settlement allegations of the people of new jersey group of new jersey you know and that's i mean look these allegations involve nineteen deaths one hundred thirty one injuries and other misuse of power by the police so i'm not saying that settling with the victims of this isn't is bad no give them the money they deserve if you know if they brought a legit complaint but it has to eventually fall back you got to say like ok maybe we're hiring the right polies not requiring that every day mom they were in court if we if we look back and say i would because this this investigation was massive

it was a two year investigation they were viewed thirty thousand pages of police documents court filings lawsuits all of it. and that was a covering five hundred and sixty five different municipalities in new jersey is all intensive and it makes me wonder what other states what you're. but wow this is a lot this is just borrowing forty two million and this is the where when you look at that this forty two million as you said one thousand deaths one hundred thirty one entries and other abuses of power and when you look at it like take for example there's one tiny borough of absecon and atlanta county i have said that right population is eighty three hundred people they paid two million to settle a two thousand and twelve wrongful death case now newark with a population of two hundred eighty thousand big city settled the bodily injury case for two million well you have towns that have a eighty three hundred people on their backs is supporting these payouts to bad

cops now a town of you know two hundred eighty thousand can can withhold two million dollars can have you know they can handle that in their budget. you can't handle that in a place if you take two million dollars away from eighty three hundred people that's roads that's water that's everything that's. no support things. and when you look at the numbers you had at least sixty eight cops sixty eight given more than seven hundred thousand dollars in tax dollars just to quit hey will you quietly resign you're about we're going to get almost a million dollars a million dollars a year you're that bad that we're just going to pay you to write off those so i think i'm paying for bad cop does do as taxpayers member this is again our budget that's going into this it doesn't magically grow on trees not money that was taxed whether it be at a local level or a federal level that's what this is what's also interesting when you really dig of the numbers of this particular issue with police is that you find that the new

jersey according to this report is one of six states that doesn't officially actually license their police officers they have no official procedure about the bad cops and there's a many other states that also have this problem as well which bartels my mind in today's day and age that we've reached this level twenty eighteen and one last thing before we move on before we get on to this is that the asbury park press actually found the at least sixty four thousand three hundred fifty three internal affairs complaints filed since twenty eleven you're going to lose it less than one half of one percent that's two hundred twenty six resulted in officer being charged of a crime of those defendants main the were convicted so that's the numbers not good that's a lot of money and feeding people educating people cleaning cleaning up roads cleaning up things. ridiculous. on february fourteenth of this year new orleans louisiana will be packed to the prevailing winds with an estimated

ten million or more people celebrating the prelim to in bulk and that is mardi gras along with those. tourists every year twenty five million pounds of plastic beads are brought into the city to be thrown and then thrown away once the party's over a recent cleanup effort by the city found seven point two million pounds of debris in fifteen thousand of the city's sixty eight thousand storm drains between september twenty sixth two thousand and seventeen and january twenty third of twenty eight ninety three thousand pounds of that debris were all mardi gras beads and they were found in the one five block stretch near downtown one but it's not just the litter that has people worried the louisiana department of health warrants that some beads and throws may contain lead and there may be lead in the soil the along the parade routes in fact dr howard milky of tulane university's department pharmacology map new orleans and from the highest lead counts in the soil along the

mardi gras parade routes in his estimate four thousand pounds of lead hit the streets each year. at some point does the tradition of throwing beads need to be rethought when it cost millions of dollars in damages and threatens the health of the people who call new orleans home absolutely no no no at this point i mean look if you're down there don't want to be just so girl looked up or too sure or do to lift up this teacher whatever you know. you can do that you can see that on the line rather the role of the wise and lead and your children are a lot of that course are horizontal horrible stuff i mean there's a certain mobile readers of the party has gone too far and you're thinking about this is that originally we're talking about something that started in the eight hundred thirty s. that was glass beads originally and they were very treasured because only a certain floats gave them out or certain people and so if you have the good man to lift up your top of your to do now is that sort of came out of those nine hundred

seventy is that became a thing that they started having these plastic beads which is about the time we got cheap plastic. you know so we're known for those types of things right so in this and other study that was by a group called healthy stuff dot org and very grass just trying to sort of green up the mardi gras celebrations these beads contain a range of hazardous substances that exceed the consumer product safety improvement act regulation tests have shown at mardi gras beads to contain lead and to moni chromium cadmium nickel trace levels of mercury and several flame retardants all of these things are incredibly toxic these are having about just room to room and right now there are no root of mardi gras but there are extremely toxic but it's all it's interesting when you break down what's in these beaches as we're talking about earlier you showed what is interesting data the taking credit for your work but more than half of the body growth products they tested fifty six out of seven

have levels of lead.