it's the regime that has preponderant firepower that is use that firepower in ways that i think are hard to hard to describe sometimes but certainly been visible for people who watch them and that russia has some influence i wouldn't say they have total influence with some influence in getting the syrian government to respect the united security u.n. security council resolution so i think that is a that is something that russia can and should do their other parties that have influence over the rebel groups turkey is one of them the u.s. may have some i mean it depends in each case the groups are different and the proper opinion will have so in recent which will have some impact if it saw that the bombing from the regime were to stop it would also put pressure on the rebels to stop but this is not none of these cases what i say that is a single culprit but in the but in the case of the some go with i think there's no doubt that the principle by far the principle of reza has been has been the government and i think that's been widely recognized and that should stop. i think

like as if way follow the general logic there were whether it's good regime or a bad regime is fighting a war so you can't just like sit there and do nothing right when there is what like very being fired at as well so when the fire mr guta is discussed like you say that it's usually about civilians and assets troops but also troops are really only there because the rebels are so instead of or at the same time asked telling us us forces to stop their offensive which i agree they should why not also tell the rebels to give up and like take buses to lift like it happened and now i bow or homes why is this plan not discussed the security council resolution is. well the security council resolution is clear right and russia was one of the parties that that agreed to it which is that there needs to be. a ceasefire now that after that going to be with modalities that are going to be negotiated in conformity with international law sure but let's stop the firing on all sides and so the

international crisis group is calling for all sides to stop the fiery but you know there is as i say and i think it's clear for people watching at this one party that has proposed reduce a force nobody's asking it now to exercise self-defense but it isn't this is not a case of self-defense this is a case from reports that the you see where there is often offensive actually being taken against civilians innocent the so yes the rebels are going to have to be there to stop what they're doing is going to be an answer to that to the problems that are represented by the rebels some of whom. are engaging in activities that you just described as well but the the the mandate of the score the lesson of this critical resolution is very clear it calls for a cease fire so let's end the fired as allow humanitarian access people who want to leave could leave we don't need to look after the if i'm talking about civilians now and then has there's going to have to be a solution to the question of the rebels as well but let's not mix things the security council resolution which russia agreed to which other members of the

screen council agreed to that's implemented that i think that's that's the first that so you said russia has some influence on assad's forces not a lot but some what leverage does the united states have in this i do not see not a lot i said no i said not not total influence there not total is another total so that has suggested to us i just want to i just want to see what inflows debtor side has what leverage does the u.s. have and the situation on the ground in western syria how exactly can it influence the situation in your opinion. you know frankly i'm not sure today the u.s. has proponent influence over the rebel groups others do and in turkey and some see situations as far more influence over. the rebel groups than the u.s. has or even that the us use that in the us today has less influence over the rebel groups because it gives less supports of the rebel groups so by definition it is going to have less leverage i think this is a case where all the parties that have provided support or that have provoked whether it's material support or moral support to the rebels need to tell them they

need to stop shelling. regime controlled areas as well that has to that has to stop because it gives a justification a pretext often for the regime then to go in and to go in with disproportionate force i think you know again if you just look at the pictures and hear the accounts it's hard to call this simply not of self defense it's hard to call this consistent with international humanitarian law so i think those shouldn't really be those in the matters for debate yes the rebels have to stop firing the regime as a sub it needs to be a cease fire and then some solution has to be felt and russia today has a role a stronger role probably than virtually anyone else in this theater to try to make that happen and they the they should use that influence to stop the shelling of civilians certainly on both sides but it has real influence on what it can get the regime to get like in your organizations written article russia is called a reluctant driver in a syrian war and urged to take a more proactive role in

a conflict what you're saying right now that serious battle is becoming largely internationalized russia may have good relations with israel iran turkey but do you really believe moscow can just like how well these countries all these regional powers want to do. you know and again having so the u.s. government even the u.s. government can't tell its partners what to do i think there's often a myth about how. strong powers can snap their fingers and lesser powers of a they won't because they bait to their own logics and their own sense of self interest but our sense and this what the report that we should not long ago which was not about is good that was really about southwest syria where we've seen this confrontation between israel and against iran and its allies and south with syria and beyond in that situation russia does have real influence because it controls to large extent the skies over syria and so israel it would have

a hard time flying over syria if russia didn't want it to do so and it also has it does have influence and leverage over and again not total leverage but some influence over the regime over iran over hezbollah sort of they would listen to what russia has to say even though they may not always follow what it has to say but today there is no actor in syrian this is you know something i think russia wanted to achieve there's no actor in syria that has as many and strong contacts with all. players all belligerents you mentioned in israel is bola the regime soon regime iran turkey all of them do talk to moscow all of them want to talk to moscow all of them have an interest in preserving good relations with moscow that's not the case with the united states today the united states has obviously strong relations with israel it has an bit relations with turkey it has no relation or better relations with iran has been the regime so so when we say they are in the driver see what we mean is they do have this sort of pivot place this pivotal role

and it should be in their interest to prevent things from getting out of and as they almost did a few weeks ago between israel and iran president putin appears to stepped in and told people to calm down but it might be better certainly for syria we would argue be better also for russia's interests and for others to step in sooner. to try to make sure that miscalculation or misunderstandings don't blow up. probably not even intentional but just blow up between the polluter and over whom as we say it's not russia has some influence and some of the average so at the international crisis group previously called for outright u.s. intervention in the syrian civil war do you still feel that at this moment the. i don't think the president has ever called for u.s. intervention and so the libyan soldiers are now while we're there and you know there was a period of time well what do you have to be specific about being about being involved in the letter of the insurance what action they want

a laboratory into trying to do you feel like america should be more involved at that if it already at this point in the syrian conflict. not in the sort of culture that in the u.s. should play a role as others to try to end the conflict that's not trying to put poor fuel on the fire but to try to end the conflict i've said you know in the past i think part of the part of the mistake said this publicly about the policies that that i was involved in is that there was an inability to separate the humanitarian goal which is to lessen if not end the suffering of the syrian people for the political goal which was to get rid of assad and i think that goal should have been put aside in the focus should have been on what do we need to do to end the suffering of the syrian people that should have been the priority from early on and you know that was not the case so today my our organizations are going our mandate is not about regime change it's not about you know getting rid of us it's about how do we end the violence between among all sides and that's why we do call in russia which has

a role to play which has influence to bear to play the role of the u.s. also should not be what we made clear is that the u.s. should not use syria as a battlefield against iran or or whether it's a battlefield to try to stop iran or to block iran that should not be the goal the goal today and i believe this for some time early on should be to end the violence and the conflict and that's for the political issues to the side for now but you know you have hundreds of thousands of syrians who died as a result of this conflict they should be the ones who are thinking. ok rob we're going to take a short break right now and when we're back we'll continue talking to robert malley obama administration's advisor on the middle east and president all their national crisis group about the situation in syria at state with us.

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now we're back with robert malley is a obama administration's advisor on isis on the middle east now had of the international crisis group talking about the war in syria is growing more and more complex mr malley you met president assad in person do you think you'll stop short of conquering the whole territory from the rebels i mean what recovering its unity under asset may ultimately be better for syria than splintering it into a patchwork of rebel warlords controlled areas. so i met in many many years ago before before the war so i can't i can't really claim that i know from those meetings how he will act i think we know from the way he's been conducting the war

that the goal is to reconquer or to retake as much of syria's possible and perhaps all of syria i don't think that that's something that's going to happen in the near term because of turkey's presence and because of the u.s. and kurdish presence in the in the east so i don't i don't think that that's going to be an attainable goal it is a goal that in the medium to long term the regime is going to continue pursuing you know does is going to raise an issue i mean again one one could one could say that when they take a position one way or the other about whether assad should go but it is clear that there be many constituencies in syria who would not be thrilled to see the regime extend its writ back on them and not part of the country where there are solutions and i know that this is part of what different countries are talking about whether the solutions that would involve greater decentralization in syria so that some of the areas that have been. not under control of the regime for some time could be slightly more thomas even though they fall under the sovereignty of the state

that's something that needs to be discussed in the context of the political the political talks that are ongoing whether in geneva or its place in sochi in the context of talk about a new constitution so theoretically should the contours of country be reunited and not be a patchwork and not have influence by different countries of course and i'm sure that's what most syrians would want i don't think that's realistic under current conditions it may not be realistic as long as the regime is what it is today i don't know that's that's obviously something that the syrians are going to have to decide but there is unfortunate lot of blood that's been spilt and i'm sure this. it's going to take some time for many syrians to reconcile themselves to the different reality now the geneva she asked are not talks about achievements such as the from the confliction zone observation pos reconciliation centers but obviously failed to dent the greater war itself can post war syria be decided during this

conferences i'm in is that realistic. you know having spent a long time in geneva both with the russian colleagues but also with the un and others it's hard to be particularly hopeful that was going to be decided in geneva is going to make much of a as much of a difference as one might have hoped the reality on the ground is what's going to determine the future of syria that means the balance of power between among the warring parties the warring syrian parties in there the regime certainly appears to have the upper hand in most of syria i think as i said the exception is the larger the kurdish areas and it live but then there's also the competition as you say among foreign powers turkey iran israel its cetera and. there are their views are also going to weigh heavily as to the future of syria so my own .