the one thousand pound tuition fee. i knew i was going to go abroad to study and i think well for a little while i thought it was going to be scotland but then. i think i decided it was england you know like way back and it just stuck with me and i and i came here and it was it was scary it was so scary because i was away from home i was here alone i didn't have anyone to turn to and look at me now i study chinese of all the courses that i could have chosen i can't wait for you know what the future holds and what i'm going to do i have so many ideas but we'll see. i talk to my grandfather once and we're talking about everything else and then kind of started talking about university and how much money that costs and everything and i had many thoughts about ok maybe maybe i'll quit maybe i'll you know it's too

much maybe it's not worth it and then i realized well how my going to pay it back but that's one of the reasons why i stayed and other reason bigger even is that i like what i do i think i'm not quite sure where that came from my need to go to university i think is because. none none of my family members went to university i think i wanted to be i wanted to be that one first person who did that and my mom really wanted me to do that as well she did encourage me strongly i don't know what i would do with her if i fail i would i would feel like i failed her and i never want to do that ever. because being here and doing what i do and being university is my way of paying her back problem that she's to me i think.

yeah i'm good it's my way of paying back everything. and. european students be forced one day to get into debt. should education become a sellable good. must didn't speak i'm self-made finance he has to earn an education. northern european countries see things a bit differently. both the united states and russia have announced their nuclear weapons posture both countries are in tree a new age of the age of hypersonic weapons we know in the new arms race.

it's been almost fifty years since we've had human beings on the surface of another planetary body and i hope that we could actually put together an international lunar exploration initiative much like we have the international space station consortium and together the countries of the world cooperating with the private sector could afford to get back into real space exploration and i think that would that would create a a lot of excites. me .

is that them valid still acting or very much on the anger most of it all and need to stamp and five hundred billion in the middle take off this is the. if and when i asked mr don't submit all o'donovan stood obvious to me that sounds like i was at the fair asked miss out to down to spit. or leak it on to for new found skill angles can appeal to gays is going to get is my boy so but all of the hammer in our studio. so the majority belive hmong are suited up they are booked to sco admit they are killing us males from. last on here not beating but when sky. going to from an e.q. appears not to muster the bit on the studio. just like denmark and finland not only offers free education to european students but also allocates a universal ground to each through dish student three hundred euros a month for six years. this way the student sees his or her time at

university as an experience of freedom and learning a way to shape a critical mind and apprehend the world here it's important it's called the student experience. they are in love with the us the for us to them into not from. their. mics on manic or. don't hold their friends photo and number her fur at twelve can escort us in from paid. tank a feat oke tank. made and yelped i'm a forty four and i said here that the lesson from to. love that. have. you know. that made me have a heart that i want to believe that we've got to drum up at the moment joe doesn't

have to do this you have to start us all kidnapped at the end of this because you know the show might just be coming down and it was a. little childish on their. it was something to behold i told you all the yes thing. alone to those trying to solve all stem cells not just. or soon to most all cells there was something more caution out of this i mean we're going to mount some hospital flubs you know fun here no p.o.v. so. the moment the sun you know you know fun thing with a good thing during a time and then back to the empty our mothers' i mean man this and this is the good news what's the coincidence fantasy of it. the most i could give me evidence i just got the senate call them a spine you say on the surface the. don't get some f. don't talk about stuff fifteen about stuff how the bomb still loom the horrible

result of more how do you hold about. it in the midst of intimacy so that's where the moments come from doing the show on the. investigation from we call murder told us a. special summer so just this talk is the most popular among. your three two of our list you know to derive a pledge even to me to call certain kind of offering them they come to you all sleeping in. the side. former state before too because i live it and it is just not the most i think of the oaks of the school or how you are so i think i'll see over your total how this been going on not just when i was trying to see if i'll do you congressman i can't for the sake of that that's something to muskoka i'm still finding out as they go out there but see it at the end of this week some of my holiday i'll do anything new on sunday some of the most complex getting numb takes on the scenes if there's any kind to your point that three hundred to some young

thank you for them to leave and i've already asked you to have it on the stand because i think. this. what happens elsewhere the tuition fee increase hasn't deterred young english students from enrolling. in one thousand nine hundred eight just before the introduction of tuition fees there were eight hundred thousand students in english universities. there are now two point three million the cost to access knowledge hasn't deterred them so why stop there. dave vice chancellors are already making noises about the cap behavior still to live thousand pounds a year. many are saying that we need to move to an american style system where it's much much more expensive it's not a nine thousand pounds cap it will be much much more but i think what we're witnessing i'm in a cross the public sector an equation on public sector within the united kingdom

within the u.k. it's probably the third phase of competition and privatized market ties ation since since the second world war and that's what we've seen in terms of higher education it's a slow creep and when you start to introduce that you get the leadership of universities stop thinking necessarily about the education that they are providing or about the public good start importing the behaviors of what they see is a competitive environment elsewhere within the private sector. manchester's those students we've got many different universities here mentions so much for a bottom university university or so forth northwestern college of music manchester articulate to me and so on we're told one student population is about one hundred thirty thousand students which is pretty much one third of the city our campus here

it is almost as big as mentions for city center. big division of communications and marketing communicates everything that's good about the university both internally and text and it's developing and it's also professionalizing the higher education sector is probably like behind the commercial sector for some time but it's catching up very fast our university has its very own starbucks if you're into starbucks if you're into like taking selfies with your starbucks cup and everything this is pretty much the closest to go if you go to some where you're going to get a free cookie if you go to mcdonald's you're going to get a free mc for ian so. saw the city is pretty much made for students so make great use of a student fees have increased from three thousand pounds to nine thousand pounds that does mean that students want better value for money they want more in

marketing and help and communicate what the benefits of an organizational so we always have many many different people coming over we had some professors from many different countries we have also movie directors and everything if you want to make a good impression stuff you can get a job offers in higher education in the u.k. traditionally like historically communications and marketing have been very much a support function what we're seeing now is a transformation where we're moving from a supporting role to a leadership role. and that's the feeling that as has come very very quickly over the last few years that it's not just about education anymore it's also about running a business many universities are now businesses and the vice chancellors are also chief executives and they make no they're not shy in saying this they have to make

money they have to make a profit and startlingly what we found is that over a period of five years vice chancellors salaries had increased by on average somewhere in the region of twenty six percent whereas in the same period for your main gate lectures those people are actually providing the service to the students saw their pay drop in real terms by twelve percent well this is a clear normally and you have to ask yourself the questions why is this happening. reform this is the only system similar to all those worldwide that support paying education rely on an essential concept an economic theory born in the sixty's. and it rose to. at the end of the ninety's. the human capital. but capital you must equal say the third quarter day or. on a d.v.d. you disposed us took the good bit also the good is also very noisy. a

kiya don't. you know that bt loss over the reform as you have a thriller from a story disturb a course you state. this week at dishonor it all off you pause. the songs. you give that is that the name they are both new and so they don't do the more they are learned remember the feel say the pharmacy also give either a pause a lot to solve the thing you don't have a bottle to come does it true that is it if you force or say a cup of the it what you fear most at rouge like on a sauce that blue green valley or economic is very like an amicus sausage d.c. printed if you jump so that your course you pause desire may let you just revive

our good old proceed you know says it you didn't kill some other top receiver you got bigger share. in the joint me to push a club to a to be. influenced by the english tidal wave in two thousand and six germany also raised his tuition fees authorizing universities to charge one thousand euros per year literally within a few years all the lender of federal states slowly abandoned this policy to return to an entirely free system. deutscher first it was for not only has it. it's business as for homes and buildings i'm a big dog how does midget buck does the owner visited if i had to go to when he visited a third of the top of. the first over the m for an order

to him to be at odds with. bison so in other words order to human doors led by to him to be on fire fighter in him come. this doubled us money action scene come on us. skips us getting a connotation when he visited and get. this and shifted its business model to tighten daughter leading to it skips is because in that benzine. zene vase you shouldn't be on z. but son mustn't. we visit if it's a must but the university of manchester doesn't suit us he pushing this it's your aunt to florida to the arctic when optus pulled up for cedar fair because of that social issue isn't invested so your in place. despite some resistance being this

model is spreading throughout europe. it applies theories elaborated by large international instances mostly by the world bank and the o.e.c.d. . from now on the knowledge market is the new doctrine universities are expected to become a strategic force in wealth production. they must become like companies and industries they must promote applied research they must favor in playability they must produce a qualified workforce consistent with companies designers. mogs does the trick to it a bit of a fantasy socially as yet if you're going to fix that also presented it to harm and see if you can be moved. take mission that i can. traineeships into neeman the human voice. to be daft isn't a name it's not meant to be didn't does it cover just after it's to give it the it could in under. us you know i was bitten that's the one to me i'm in boy does not

in the guy says the indian engineers and shaft is he they can play ability absolute feet if i'm up using dolphin does the divisions of the good she get out into the in need to identify. this british i'm glad i'm a bit calmer first did when you visited. institute two one this is it just wasn't george land. is their visa at least by months on finished fresh deed this does belong to the team. for a world cup twenty eight team coverage and we've signed one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time but there was one more question by the way who's going to be our coach . guys i know you are nervous he's a huge star

a month and the huge amount of pressure you have to go i mean eighty percent of the tell with you and you'll see all the great game the great game you are the rock at the back nobody gets past you we need you to get down there we have to go. along. and i'm really happy to join their father thousand and three in the world cup in russia meet the special one i was also. needs to just take the radio p.r.t. teams latest edition make up a bigger sound he better just look. this is. the church secret just like priests accused of sexually abusing children can get away with it literally i like to call this to do graphic solution so what the bishop needs to do then he finds out that the priest is

a perpetrator is simply moved to a different spot where the previous scandal is not the highest ranks of the catholic church conceal the accused priests from the police and justice so something that is as old as the eye and then i can flip out at tuesday's out in. the street. that goes. back i don't.

want to see i. which is police revealed a former russian spy and his daughter who are in critical condition in the u.k. targeted with. prague sets out a series of measures to prevent flooding lies ation in schools prisons and online. and hundreds rally in london against the sound of that bombing of yemen as riyadh's crown prince arrives in the u.k. on an official visit. for the latest on. stories head to. crosstalk is the next debating the prospect of a new nuclear arms race between the u.s. and russia.

following welcome to cross talk we're all things considered i'm peter lavelle the united states and russia have announced their nuclear weapons posture both countries are entering a new age of war the age of hypersonic weapons we are told russia's hypersonic weapons can render u.s. led missile defense systems useless can washington allow this to stand and are we now in a new arms race. across talking hypersonic wars i'm joined by my guest george samuel in new york he is a fellow at the global policy institute of london and author of the book bombs for peace in lake jackson we have daniel mcadams he's the executive director of the ron

paul institute for peace and prosperity and in london we have married a chef skee she is a columnist for the independent and the guardian all right crosstalk rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want and i always appreciate mary let me go to you first here are the reactions to president putin's address to the joint some bully. parliament last week was like a thunderbolt for a lot of people and of course it was roundly condemned no context was given except for the russians are bad and aggressive but that's what we hear all the time but the fact of the matter is and i'm sure this applies to everyone here and many of our viewers if you look back at. for example in two thousand and two when the united states unilaterally moved away dropped the anti-ballistic missile treaty the very. of arms control speed up to the munich security conference in two thousand and seven read that speech read the speech that putin gave to the general assembly the united nations in two thousand and fifteen and then we have last week what i'm doing is connecting

a lot of dots anyone that's paying attention understands perfectly well what's going on here ok mary go right go ahead. well i think that everybody sort of thinks that they understand what's going on but one thing that they certainly didn't understand or at least i felt that about the british reaction was that they did not understand that putin is in an election campaign so i think you have to understand that this was a state of the nation speech given in the context of a russian election in less than a month's time and it's all very well for people in the west to say oh it's not a proper election no putin's bound to win and there's no contest and all that is probably true but the fact is that there is a campaign and putin needs to get his vote out and i think without that context the picture is incomplete but if we go back to the actual substance of what putin was

talking about to end of course the spectacular visual effects that played behind him i knew i watched that speech live and i knew what the response was going to be as soon as he was talking i knew what it was going to be it was going to be about a new cold war it was going to be about russian war mongering and it was going to be about a new arms race and yet if you read very carefully or if you listened to what putin was actually saying he was talking about russian security he was talking about the american unilateral abrogation of the missile defense treaty and about how the united states had been developing that particular branch of weapons technology defense technology and russia had decided and had now achieved its aim of catching up very well i mean i don't think the election playing

really has anything to do it is because the speech that he gave was supposed to be given last december. but the they were interested paving the nuclear posture review and they held it back so with all due respect to mary i don't think it has anything new with domestic politics ok but daniel the but one of the things is that i think and i've been watching president putin from the time he came into office he's not one prone to embellish or to exaggerate as a matter of fact it's very straightforward and to the point here and i think this is this speech was a reaction they digested all of these military and security reviews the trumpet ministration has put put out and well the russians are putting their marker down and i think that it was it was and then i'll agree with mary i mean after all of the broken promises all of these new weapons systems russia said ok we can push back and we will go ahead daniel. you know i think there is an element of electioneering and i think if it's not perhaps

a somewhat more subtle but i can imagine that president putin has a lot of his he has a lot of vulnerability in a way on his right for lack of better term people in russia russian voters who are expecting him to be a little bit more responsive u.s. provocations to nato provocations on russia's border to us occupying thirty percent of syria illegally i can imagine that's where his weakness is if he has any weakness among russian voters people saying why are we sitting there letting them walk all over us so in that sense perhaps that is entering into his mind but otherwise i mean if that is the case how different is that than any u.s. presidential campaign where they all try to outflank each other being more much more pro-war than anyone else you know it george the a no in my in my first question to mary i mean i kind of gave the lineage there it's really quite remarkable to me that how remarkable the response has been because if you're been looking at arms control and u.s.

russia relations over the last decade or so. you know russia is basically telling the united states that your threats against our sovereignty stop now and we have the means to react in very forcefully and it's called defending your sovereignty nothing more than that go ahead george though that's exactly right and that's why he. brought up the issue of the united states with rolled from the a.b.m. treaty but there's obviously a more to it than that i mean there is also the nato expansion right to russia's borders and there is essentially now but the constant belligerent russian rhetoric now emanating from the western capitals and when you build up arms on russia's border. and you start actually shooting at russians in syria and when you combine that with the russian hysteria

in in washington in london in other capitals then you've got a very serious situation and i think you're absolutely right peter when you said that putin is not one to rhetorical flourish he's not want to exaggerate to bloviate he's not donald trump so he has a very serious person and i think he was putting down a marker and say stop this now before it gets out of control because we mean business exactly if you carry on like this it is going to end badly you know mary the over the years when they were before the negotiations with the iran nuclear deal the pentagon constantly was telling russia that all these in these anti-missile defense systems in poland and remain were many they have nothing to do with you it's all directed against iran and then when the deal is signed they actually admit to that well we still have to keep them there is it because of

russia well yes because ok i mean this is the kind of relations and partnership russia has with nato you can't believe what they say ok or they talk out of both sides of the mouth at the same time with russia did with putin did exactly what he promises his promise the russian people that a war will never be fought on this country soil ever again and he's making sure that happens go ahead mary. well i think that there is a perpetual problem between russia and nato as to who is on defense and who is on oftens and who acted first and we saw this most graphically and most recently with ukraine but we've seen it all before with the expansion of nato and we've seen it since ukraine with the strengthening of the nato presence in the border states in the in the baltic states in poland where it said that this needs to happen as a reassuring defensive all nato is part because of what they see as the increased

threat from russia and then of course you go to moscow and russia says well we've got all this sort of advance present suddenly in the new countries of nato and we have to defend ourselves against that at which point nato starts talking about you remember the big or maybe not quite so big russian military exercise last summer which was completely hyped by nato spokesman and western ministers which turned out to have been a fraction oh they were too and of course mary these speeds these exercises are played there now and stay in advance they were made public observers are allowed to come again this hype here i mean also daniel you know what i'm also on top of it here you have lethal weapons being sold to the ukrainians if you look at the the pentagon's nuclear posture review it discusses the possibility of a first right.