on steel and aluminum imports into the u.s. despite warnings of a global trade war the american steel loman image astri has been ravaged by aggressive foreign trade practices it's really an assault on our country however the unveiling of the tariffs in the white house didn't go especially as planned. i thank you for the opportunity for what you do for this firm and start your service where your father herman is looking down he's very proud or you're right he's go live with that he's. even more proud that he's even more proud would you like to take a picture in the oval office i assume you've all been many times into the oval office come on let's go and do that let's go into the site yes i'm going to give will go into the oval office we're going to sign this will go into the oval office we have a picture ok ok thank you. well the new levels will take effect on march the twenty third foreign companies will have to pay

a twenty five percent tax to stale and ten percent for you many i'm sold on the u.s. market mexico canada and australia have been granted an exception. well in response the e.u. said it could impose tariffs on jeans motorbikes peanut butter and orange juice originating from the u.s. world leaders happening quick to slam washington's move yet some toned down their rhetoric and even called for talks after donald trump signed the order. you should say choosing a trade war is surely the wrong prescription china will certainly make an appropriate and necessary response trade rules are and easy to lose i'm convinced that increased terrorists will hurt us all in the long run but will defend our interests if need. be a fence we're allies we work together we cannot possibly be

a threat to national security in the u.s. so we are counting on being excluded a strong is by strong ally of the united states it has no better ally than a strike there is no case for imposing tariffs on a strong steel exports to the united states. well economist keith boy feels says the new terrorists will hurt ordinary consumers. people who are really going to come out worse from this are american consumers including the u.s. military i mean they're importing a lot of steel for the u.s. defense budget from south korea and one of the reasons that trump has given for this policy is strategic defense reasons is so dumb it just doesn't add up. in terms of proportionate responses from the e.u. and china and so on i would argue in a lot of my colleagues would argue that it would be equally dumb for the e.u.

to impose tariffs on things like harley davidson motorbikes because again the people who come are worst of that of a consumer's being calculated for example that for every one job saved by this tariff in position for steel allow you minium in the united states the u.s. economy will actually lou lou five jobs that adds up to one hundred forty six thousand jobs that are a risk because of this policy by trump or the head of the cia has defended donald trump's plan to meet the leader of north korea kim jong un might pump a rose said the talks are not for theatre but to solve a problem and the president himself is upbeat about the summit.

while the meeting if it does go ahead will be the first ever between the two countries heads of state and it would mark a dramatic turnaround after months of threats and insults between trump and kim. europe teacher page. with the north korean regime has failed. what are. they getting ready to say. they will be met. by yuri. the u.s. and the next. will stop on the korean from the. and we can have their man out there shooting rockets all over the place have no

choice but to totally destroy north korea. russia. is going to do it they can tell no one. so it's like. he's a sick puppy. well meanwhile the u.s. government imposed a new round of sanctions against north korea on tuesday the white house insists the pressure is paying off what we know is that the mash maximum pressure campaign has clearly been effective for the first time in a long time the united states is actually having conversations from a position of strength not a position of weakness like the one that north korea finds itself in due to the

maximum pressure campaign. however people on the streets of new york have to frig views about who deserves the credit for this apparent breakthrough. i think it's a win for north korea korea because they definitely approach trump about the issue and our president trump was being very icy amateur about the situation it will look good on times square because he's the first president i believe to meet with the north korean leader is better probably for north korea than it is for us a bit absolutely a victory for kim jong un this is an individual who has been the leader of his country for now i guess seven years but has been completely isolated he's never much another. world leader it leads to a whole host of unanswered questions and risks that the american president is offering what kim jong un wants most on the front end of a process where we haven't yet achieved what we want most which is north korea's

denuclearization a castle on independence really has drawn big crowds in boston lonna war on them after the break. the legacy of the communist era has left i'm assuming a lot of of the legacy waste as well i'm assuming again from my understanding of the soviet era that there was much more of a culture of a review system and not throwing things away that i think a society that emerged out of that tends to reject so it's a matter of moving back to that. told me it's so also not acceptable whether. russia and all the u.s. is deciding maybe of what german companies or european companies are investing in

or which infrastructure we are building a true mini or in europe i think it's a tremendous european just. welcome back europe is having to do with the families of i so find his returning from syria and iraq off the form of the terror group france has unveiled plans to reintegrate them into schools but the move is causing concern dubai and ski reports from paris they just children born innocent into will to tallahassee. but while most children are playing with dolls and because these are

being taught to play with guns and knives and some have even been trained to kill. well i mean it would depend on each individual to be up to the kind of failure believe that cool would be actually trying the guns knives and how to kill people and not only that we have seen people being killed and of course that makes it some form of normality for the bitches because that means when they do that we'll be there. to fight them go do something very similar to the real threat to society it's impossible to know just how many children have been brainwashed by myself but they have already started to return home to germany belgium the netherlands meanwhile in france the authorities putting together a plan to reintegrate the returning children of jihadi s. the prime minister has said that sixty eight have already come back and many more

are expected to follow programs to help these children readjust have been announced by governments across europe but is it too late to reverse the damage already done . the little children are not only victims but they're on the cusp of being forced into being perpetrators but in the video that we just saw are you seeing the sadism of the adults being played out through the children so there are destroying the mental capacity for the child to differentiate between reality and fantasy in normal lives murder the road ahead for these children she says is difficult and while there's no guarantee the therapy they receive will be successful she is hopeful if

the child had a fairly good our emotional experience early the child will tend to be more resilient in coming through very severe traumas. that's one thing the other thing will be very much dependent on how well trained the therapist are governments in europe hope that by offering care and support to the children who return they can help them cast off the horrors they have in do it or even carried out and yet the risks still high that it might be too late to right the wrongs of children brainwashed and raised as i saw fighters shola deep in ski r.t. parish. the independence movement in catalonia shows no sign of dying down five months on from the referendum that was branded illegal by the spanish government.

thousands attended a rally in barcelona on sunday people chanted their support for the former cattle cars less predictable he's currently in belgium and will face prosecution if he returns home. they also demanded the release of local politicians jailed for their roles in last october's vote just an shafi from the radical independence campaign says the spanish government is failing to uphold democratic rights. i think what the spanish government is attempting to do is to grain people don't and of course it's still not the number one weeks from now is to send rioters and with probabilistically seems soldiering within them but always has been trying to strangle the movement by killing people using b.d.s. administrate to strangle the possibility of establishing and we have to look at this and actually start to question what democracy really means and the european context i have not seen and not international outcry across the european union when

it comes to what's going on in paris when we normally get this situation on pitching what you have in a piece in jail you have championships and you join the sanchez uname he. actually would be annoying to those that we don't and that had won a parliament and even be able to leave the jail on monday to obtain the beat has been ruled by the spanish supreme court so one democracy is under attack you and betty or you squeeze and it's given that the international community the e.u. and protect your rights to stand up on the state of democratic rights and it's not doing so. now this week saw the one hundred days to go milestone passed in the countdown to the twenty eighteen football world cup. r.t. has been building its own table of a football legends to host aspirational coverage of the tournament former liverpool striker stan collymore and former manchester united goalkeeper peter schmeichel are already on board and this week r.t. announced another world class. for

a world cup twenty eight team coverage we've signed one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time but there was one more question by the way it's going to be our coach. guys i know you are nervous he's a huge star among us and the huge amount of pressure to come out you have to go meet the center of the beach with probably with you and do so with all the great the great you are the rock at the back nobody gets past you we need you to get down there we have to go. alone does that worry you and i'm really happy to join the to do it for the two thousand and three the world cup in russia. this special was it was all to reassure me to just say to review the artie team's latest edition make it up as we go. to jersey. well marino's nicknamed the special one stems from

a phrase he used when he first arrived at chelsea in two thousand and four and it remains he's currently the manager of manchester united or one of the most successful coaches of all time he's won eight domestically titles and the european champions me twice. it really is an incredible add on to the program to the show that we can bring someone of his stature in the knowledge that he has a football he couldn't he can come in from a coach manages perspective and actually. put a little bit of spice on a football match. i think i wish football stadiums for like this when i play that brilliant assembly and you get an idea about how the atmosphere will be and that they're all in in around the same kind of theme but they're all very different as well variant of a one one looks like a u.f.o. than another one i said the stadium is such it looked like

a cake. i've been to all the eleven cities yet we will finish or that within the next three weeks. but what i've experienced of everything has run smoothly and everything is really well organized so my my my advice is to to relax a little bit about the things that we see every day in the western media and then enjoy it. but it isn't just the teams on the founds that are preparing for the world cup at the aquarium in sochi the dolphins and the sea lions have been getting in on the action showing some nifty bull skills that perhaps a bit too much diving for the purists of the game. well about with the week's top stories in just over half an hour meanwhile for more on all about. this baby and. this much eighteenth vote with your remote

to zante for special coverage of the russian presidential election exit polls opinions real time results monitoring and much more. what politicians do something to. put themselves on the line to get accepted or rejected . so when you want to be president and you. want to. have to go right to be precise this is what before three of the more people. interested always in the waters about how. this should.

welcome to well it's a part of the dirty secret of the supposedly clean the recycling movement is that much of it is being done offshore and not necessarily in eco friendly ways that has changed as china the world's largest importer of waste closed its borders to much of the foreign garbage starting march first will that's per the rest of the world take better care of its own mass well to discuss that i'm now joined by kate o'neill associate professor in the department of environmental science policy and management at the university of california berkeley professor neal it's great to talk to you thank you very much for your time. thank you for having me on now one of the most surprising discoveries i made while researching for this program was the recycling in many western countries is more of a gold alleve the reality is i mean people can be very diligent in sorting the

garbage but much of it still on the cargo ships to east asia where nobody knows what really happens to it i wonder if recycling deserves this overwhelmingly positive reputation that is it has cultivated that's a good question. i think that the answer is mixed the more things get recycled than . what you would say suggests and i think that when the waste gets shipped to china some of the definitely does get recycled and reuse them will then would here but you're right this story as it's broken and become a widely known has really shaken people when i talk about it people well why should i even bother recycling if that's what's happening so i think it's it's a story that really is is i think appending our assumptions about what happens to our recycling for sure you know when i was studying in the united states a few years back i once made the mistake of throwing

a plastic bottle into the wrong container and that it was immediately perceived as a major social transgression i was given a whole actor on how environmentally irresponsible i was but you are right in one of your articles that the united states recycles only nine percent of its plastic waste which means that only one out of town plastic bottles that you throw into recycling bin will get a second life why is there such a mismatch between people's ideas about recycling and the actual recycling reality when i think that there's a lot of part of it is that a lot of people don't bother to recycle and i think that. they just toss things into landfill into the the black benaud the rather than the at the blue bin and but i also think that there's this some element of misunderstanding about how to recycle plastics and speaking for myself as someone who studies this site i find it

almost torturous figuring out do i claim this bottle do i take the lid off you know becomes a lot of work and i think it's very difficult for a lot of people to to really figure out how to do that so the other piece of the puzzle is also recycling facilities in this country and in other western countries around the world europe by the way is a little better on this but a lot of towns and cities here just simply don't have the capacity to sort and then sell the scrap on that we have already generated so it's expensive there aren't necessarily people who are going to buy it and that in itself has created a lot of issues for recycling at that end not just with the consumers and i think you also make the point that up until recently it was simply easier and perhaps cheaper to. waste on cargo ships bring consumer goods from

china to the united states another would be going back empty anyway how well do we know i base point how much of that waste is being recycled in china it depends on the waste or on the scrap has as many prefer to call it but obviously the high quality scrap a lot of copper aluminum other kinds of metals go to china and that's where the center of global manufacturing is so that happens to be you know where there reused and in buildings in. manufacturing center all the things that we use those medals for other goods. scent there in particular plastics but also textiles and paper this is a little bit more on so. we do as we understand that quite a bit of it is actually recycled but the question then becomes under what conditions and with what impacts on environment and local people the chinese

authorities now say that they want to put an end to the by introducing far more stringent contamination limits which with effectively banned much of they all of the imports how much of a disruptor that would be to a global waste industry oh it's surprising how disruptive it's been china has actually been building to this decision for a few years. been receiving so much waste and i think in a lot of a lot of it in bad shape and contaminated that they really started cracking down in about twenty thirteen with something called operation green fence so this this set of restrictions has been building. when it was announced last june i don't think anyone in the scrap industry were really expecting the stringency of the restrictions that were placed on. the cleanliness of contamination levels so this is really been a huge shock a huge disruption for the global industry and we are talking about

a fairly big business because in two thousand and sixteen and i get the figures from your article more than five billion dollars in scrap commodities were imported from the united states to china as far as i understand the american garbage lobby if i can call it that d. tried to be the chinese government to reverse a decision and they argument that they put forward essentially comes down to. citing all the all the losses that the american recycling industry may incur as well as the losses to the chinese manufacturers do you buy that argument when your way out of the immediate losses versus the need to come up with self-sufficient waste management strategy what emerges on top. for you just one thing i would say the american scrap industry rather than the garbage industry i also. sort of as a scrap waste person myself i strongly believe in recycling reusing as much as we can i think the central question is how to develop robust markets for scrap and

recycled goods the reason why these goods have been going to china the scrap is going into china is because those where that's where the markets are. there i could technically be going to somalia or one of the lowest cost economies in the world but china is not that but it does have the means to use that scrap if it for what it does the amount that it doesn't actually recycle so in the end i think. we need to be really encouraging ways of looking at how to use the scrap within our countries how to build a recycling capacity but also i don't think imports can even necessarily should go away if they can be managed correctly you're actually leading me to my next question because i think this whole conversation is a very interesting dimension to globalization which allows private interest to

essentially take the problem out of sight but not necessarily address it fully you've been studying it for quite some time oh what is your philosophy do you think waste in general should be managed on the national basis and in other words should the country take care of its own mass or should it be globalized and if it's globalised then what what is the oversight. you know globalisation is with us so i think that is always going to be an option. a lot of the scrap trade at the imports china's imports started when it joined the world trade organization two thousand before that there were next to no scrap imports so . this business has grown as trade volumes have grown and as we've seen trade liberalization so those are forces that are very difficult to combat the downside of globalization well there's two two features one is with global markets trade

routes adjust very quickly in the event of interruption so we're also seeing now the diversion of a lot of the scrap to markets in other markets in southeast asia we're seeing a huge spike malaysia importing vietnam importing and then we don't know what happens to it we almost have a clear idea about china than we do about those countries for now and we don't know to what extent they can use the scrap but i think there is i think there's a lot to be said for the producing country to really take responsibility for its waste to clean up and use as much of a tome but if it's going to be exported to ensure that what's being exported is of high quality as the scrap industry is planning or trying to do the harder question is what do you do with conditions in the importing country plastic recycling in particular is very dangerous you know as always prepared for this program i came across the data suggesting that china and the united states roughly produce the

same amount of waste around two hundred million tonnes annually and that despite the united states having four times. the population then dot of china so in a way i wonder if this globalization patterns allows the biggest producer of waste per capita in the world a little bit off the hook because i mean if you can ship it to another country then the incentive of taking care of it is i would assume is is much lower when a lot of people are talking about this as really maybe another incentive to start looking seriously at ways prevention reducing our use of plastics coming up with alternatives i think this case in combination with the pollution plastic pollution in the oceans which is becoming so. serious issue is really giving us an impetus to organizations and municipalities and other entities who really want to foster what's called the closed loop the way that you can either reduce production

so that plastics or plastics we produce we can handle or to make sure that as much recycling reuse happens at different stages in the production chain not just at the consumer end or at the end of the production process that professional you mentioned that after the chinese decision was announced we've seen some spike in parts from other countries in east asia. i understand that there is a very early days but i wonder if there is any indication if this problem is being sold by just redirecting the sort of their routes off of their waste or whether there is indeed any changes in the way western countries a dealing with the problem domestically. the concern is that yes diversion is happening in the short term hoping that that will be a short to medium term problem but you're seeing is seeing some shifts now as i mentioned people are starting to think about how for instance to solve the issue in

. the united states there was some reporting a couple of weeks ago that actually the chinese companies themselves are coming to the u.s. to check out possible then use for recycling facilities themselves so which is a sort of an irony in all of this story but definitely a possibility but yeah we're seeing diversion we're also seeing california west coast ports are also seeing a huge pile up of waste much of which and plastic scrap which much of which will be sent to landfill would be my guess so we're definitely trying to come up with both medium to long term solutions. will. to see how that goes well a professor neal we have to take a very short break now but we will be back in just a few moments stage and.