the damage was proportionate and short as possible in order to alleviate an overwhelming humanitarian disaster you're telling me that there is the word proportionate in the u.n. charter no but we're not talking about the un charter here and yes i know regrettably the un charter doesn't cover this kind of situation the charter allows you to arm conflict where there is self-defense or where there is a security council resolution unhappily when because of the power of the veto you could not get. the united nations resolution in kosovo and i'm sure you do it hopeless to try to get it to this occasion what is the point of the united nations charter i expect you to back your decision when it came to the former yugoslavia you might change your mind of a serial of the past few days what is the point of the united nations should be if

those two areas obviously the syria strikes are all about self-defense of britain. and if russia vetoed. why i've tried to persuade the. countries of the world the i.p.u. international political union parliamentary union. to change the charter i'd made a speech in cape town ten years ago and i made a speech in st petersburg last october but it's a bridge too far amending the charter is a bridge too far for the notions of the world is it less a bridge too far or than the fact that we know the case of the united states against nicaragua where explicitly in law. it states that the united states was unable to use the kind of mechanisms and and the arguments you used because of i have no knowledge of as regards international law words of military the i.c.c. case military and paramilitary activities against it or

a good idea to sex and the i.c.c. judge that military action is not appropriate method to monitor or ensure human rights. well i was the one that the german corbin's lawyer. used as an argument for the factor which raised me as a legal i had hoped it would have been tested my decision in the international court at the hague i was there needed counsel for the united kingdom with nine other nato countries and regrettably unhappily they did not to take take a decision on the legal situation all i would say i know that are some academic lawyers who disagree with my decision all around the world from yale to oxford academics lawyers have a great tradition of disagreeing on many many issues but i would play paid eight one of the good way to study english lawyers lord big former supreme court judge in his book the rule of law the only comment he would make he did not discredit the

doctor if he did not attacks a doctor in what he said it's a controversial doctor and it is controversial and i wish there was a decision by the international court at the hague which would have dos what i have done and what the government has now done here but the fact that they didn't endorse your decision because of is in effect a verdict is really not a verdict that's the that's the problem we were trying to fight about is what was established in international law as part of the u.n. charter article two paragraph four what happened in the hague where yugoslavia sued nine countries trying to get an injunction in order to stop the bombing they failed to do so the quarter germans did not take a decision i had hoped within a year there would have been a decision but nothing came from yugoslavia from the court presumably because yugoslavia was no longer in existence but i would have loved to have

a decision to confirm a situation where there is a vacuum palaces and the united nations is an able or. willing to act and that's what you do i mean in course over there were hundreds of thousands of people suffering from ethnic cleansing murder the fact leave the matter. law as you for virtually general know clearly why did theresa may not use what you are about to tell me about the dreadful circumstances in the former yugoslavia as part of her legal justification for what it did in her statement she quoted she quoted don't let clear the words from my book but she did say i am following exactly the precedent of what was done in kosovo and those are. quotation from her statement and i use it in the debate in the house of lords i hope my career will be damaged by an endorsement of the prime minister. and arguably parliament because if you do better specter of lee back the action so it is your legal verdict that

it is ok for a british prime minister to bomb cities. on an exceptional basis to alleviate suffering it is exceptional and it is to alleviate suffering widespread human suffering my action for sixty nine days which i had to agree every bombing every application night after night for sixty nine days and i reached a view and i took lee each of the applications. one or two i did and one i had a few but generally accepted the proposals put to me so you could see your counterparts in. tehran and perhaps say that it is ok to blow up. airfields in saudi arabia a point made by germany corben because of the british backed. threats against tens of millions of people if there is an overwhelming humanitarian

disaster are you going to stand idly by the world's worst humanitarian disaster according to the united nations but the decision i took is very sort of a simple form if your house is big but if your wife is being raped and if the local constable of the police force god willing to act it is too late to go to the watch committee or the judge will supervise your committee and this was the formula that are you that there was no alternative and in this case i find that there is no alternative here chemical warfare is apartment i address the organization at the hague tell you it was beyond reasonable doubt used as a formulation by the prime minister was highly likely is not a good enough formulation to justify your assertion that there was indeed you can never be absolutely certain. that my life in the criminal court and beyond a reasonable doubt is what you want and i feel i did to raise or may not use that

formulation literally just present it's not a lawyer to begin with not a criminal lawyer it seems to me that here was a position where the. the view is that the chemical attacks were carried out. by the government of. those no other obvious alternative and there was a needed to stop it nations or will they are able to be judge and jury on that before carrying out bombing raids on urban areas in the world in this kind of situation where there is a humanitarian disaster exactly as in cost of war there is i fear no alternative you see the united nations is popular it doesn't act it won't act it is there any point in the un well i would. have to remember the su is war and i spoke at my first political public meeting with temodar telling

the man who inspired the united nations are you regret very much nobody ever visualize that the use of the veto would be done in such a way that the. united nations the only international body of this card is powerless and that's my deep deep recollect why do you think britain seems so alone in this respect the united states and france also partners in these airstrikes on syria for no particular need to give any legal justification for what many around the world believe is of we live in a democracy and the prime minister how do you like a sense of rights a democracy why do they not have to go through the arguable hoops you have to go to justify the the prime minister went through the hoops because she was being challenged in the house of commons she had to make a statement and the statement last twenty minutes and it dealt. with the grounds that i had used in cost or and if i might fault in developing this argument i plead

guilty but i don't think i am at fault because there is no alternative. how many people do you think of died because of your legal arguments. there were very very few if any civilian casualties you had to be very careful to ensure you weren't here to the geneva convention as that is highly contested that's of course not actually it was accepted generally because we want to hear but bob it were usually. television station radio yesterday and no i will we were not involved with a television station let me be quite clear about that it was the americans we were not involved with the chinese embassy or the americas but what we did usually and let legal installations works matters of that car and my problem was where there was a dual use of a certain facility but i give figures i think that we showed eventually afterwards that we had hardly any if any civilian casualties we were very very discreet

pinpointed the essential services in order to bring milosevic to him. thank you thank you very much after the break. as new data reveals that absolution increases the risk of alzheimer's and mental illness by almost five times the u.s. health effects institute tells us that ninety five percent of the world's population breeds dangerously polluted and can lead dispossessed to run just save themselves from the deprivation of capitalism we speak to a californian judge appointed by a little shorts and i go things like a bowl of the mold growing up in part two ago. when i was still small seemed wrong. but old clothes just don't call. me long

to get to shape out these days comes to attitude and engagement equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground. about your sudden passing i've only just learned you were a south and taken your last wrong turn. your attitude up to you as we all knew it would i tell you i'm sorry but only i could so i write these last words in hopes to put to rest these things that i never got off my chest. i remember when we first met my life turned on each breath. but then my feeling started to change you talked about war like it was a cave still some more fun to feel those that didn't like to question our arc and i secretly promised to never be like it said one does not leave

a funeral the same as one enters the mind gets consumed with death this one quite different i speak to you now because there are no other takers. claimed that mainstream media has met its maker. you never know what's around the corner never know was in the pub you can walk into excitement it's that knowing that's where the adrenalin rush comes from. is a move by definition and the stream through all. the violence is a part and it's an almost a schizophrenia going to where you can do all these things and behave like.

they're born people of course colorful all for the point of more so for the last. honest man infirmed. war and the downfall is in the fall. of a broader where the fire broke out early did a cold out there would have. been in unison is that what. if you don't believe holmes is constantly involved and. welcome back as ever forty thousand people recover from running yesterday's marathon in central london a new report published by the u.s. health effects institute claims ninety five percent of the earth's population today lives in an area where pollution exceeds air quality guidelines set by the world health organization joining me now from boston massachusetts is the president of the health effects if you daniel green brown daniel welcome to going on the ground here in the u.k. air pollution is linked to the deaths apparently of five people every hour but your

report says ninety five percent of the world's population is breathing in dangerously polluted air how do you arrive at such a figure. we are part of a larger global burden of disease effort that systematically looks at what the level of air pollution is in every corner of the earth there are a series of studies that have been done and throughout europe in the u.k. in the united states and canada as well as in asia that say that on an annual basis the numbers of people dying prematurely due to air pollution is higher for those who live in the highest polluted areas so that allows us to. average across all of the studies to come up with an estimate of over four million people worldwide being affected by ambient air pollution can you understand why there's some skepticism amongst the publics in the nations given that governments toluene to for instance

buy diesel cause and your report is again talking about the pm two point five particulates obviously which emanate from sources like these will have. in the case of diesel particularly in europe is a bit of a classic case of the car getting ahead of the horse. the technology was more fuel efficient i know that european. governments push to get more diesel engines. but they did that before newest technology which is now available that can dramatically reduce the emissions from diesel vehicles if they're operated properly so unfortunately unlike most of the rest of the world europe has a large number of diesel cars with substandard control systems on them i think what may surprise some people is the sources of funding for your institute your coming up with a report suggesting such a scale of pollution when your insidious funded by b.m.w.

cries the volkswagen so in this difficult producing a report that seems to be so critical of. industrial capitalism in the mood of the industry was being funded. well thanks institute's been around for thirty five years yes all of the car companies in the world contribute to us but so do regulatory agencies the european commission we've done some things with us e.p.a. is the biggest sponsor. and we have a well deserved reputation for being very independent in our science in fact the toughest diesel rules in the world the ones that were adopted in the u.s. in two thousand and four trucks and buses were based on h.c.i. science you mention the way you're an e.p.a. award winner multiple award winner from the u.s. environmental protection agency have you noticed any changes under the top administration. well there clearly are a lot of announcements that have been made about trying to cut the budgets about trying to roll back some of the rules that were put in place in the previous

administration we work on a day to day basis with a lot of the people at the crew alone even some of the new people and much of that has not actually transpired yet and we're working to get our science to inform those future decisions as it has done in the past as it's done no matter who whose in power to really support stronger and smarter regulation of air pollution obviously the e.p.a. both scope to prove it is in the news but personally in the way of costing doubts over clean the air legislation in the wake of your report do you do you see any merits in in trying to rip up the legislation the united states. well i don't think anybody and i know congress will not consider undoing the clean air act the major law that we've had here since one nine hundred seventy. and in fact the air programs for e.p.a. have been fully funded by the u.s.

congress as recently as three weeks ago so it's not clear to me that we're going to see a wholesale ripping up of that there may well be and there is some effort to try and revive this to change some of the rules and i think and i hope that given the quality of the work that we do that our science can help inform that so the decisions are not made cavalierly but are actually made based on the past sons i presume you'd say this report is based on the best science it's scientific but of course you know we know that the e.p.a. chief said sons shouldn't dictate policy in washington d.c. do you can you understand that there are some forces in american public life who believe that the kinds of conclusions institutes like yours make a strangling industry. well we certainly understand that there are people who are

concerned about the science some of them actually turn to us to say well what really is the answer with the science because they know we have this track record of being a straight shooter organization. it's unfortunate if somebody stands up and says the science doesn't have a place in these kinds of decisions i think that that's always been one of the misunderstandings here i think well done science tells you we know there are facts at such and such a level of exposure and error and water and then there is a policy decision has to be made is that enough to take action then agree about thank you. well now of the yesterday's london methodist ory of running rehabilitation while britain may have the highest prison population in the e.u. it still has no any of the numbers incarcerated in the usa i'm joined now by los

angeles judge greg mitchell his work at the skid row running club is profiled in the new film skid row marathe and released across britain on the night of may judge welcome to going under god how can people get involved in these projects of rehabilitation that you have spawned as i understand it no only in the united states but that the u.s. views what the film does is i think really hopefully makes it real clear that in individual if you are willing to commit time in or g. . and real commitment an individual can make a difference but i can't have a significant impact on you know hundreds of lives if i'm willing to give of myself in the way that i have chosen to do so but at these running clubs. increasing in number in the what is interesting is the movie increases in exposure i just received e-mails last week that one is opening in fort worth another in atlanta. you know and the running club is one type of

a program or. you know what was the genesis of the idea is i read in runner's world years back of a woman who created a similar type program for x. felons on the east coast and whether it's you know you get involved in the you know in some community outreach in a church program in an afterschool program in a boys' club or girls' club there's a my rid of avenues for people of goodwill to improve the larger community and that's what i hope watching this movie encourages people to do the usa has a higher proportion of people in jail than under stalin or mao what's it like to sentence people to life imprisonment is very weighty. it's something that weighs upon me and you think about for

a long time from the point of conviction to the point of sentencing normally could be from two to six months and during that period of time i know i know what i'm looking at but in the fill in the documentary of cholas your handing out a very lengthy sentence right in the seventy one years isn't that correct these methods he said today are mandatory so i don't have any option as a judge to know in that particular case you had a certain number of years for attempted murder of three police officers you get an additional twenty years for the use of a gun you get an additional ten years because it was gang activity you begin to stack those up you get to very. high numbers quite quickly before we get to the redemption that's obviously in this film in britain like the united states there are constantly calls but from some elements of the political spectrum for tougher

sentencing a choice the hillary clinton of course is famous for killing young black men and super predators before her husband's nine hundred ninety four that just lation into generation and she has been roundly criticized for that comment today and appropriately so i know in the film it almost seems as if there's an emphasis on not being punches and but does it resonate with you when the presidential candidate but he son has said that the criminal justice system was in effect a massive education system full well i think the example raffael cabrera who is one of the featured individuals in the movie would rebut that argument i mean rafael cabrera spent twenty eight years and nine months in prison for first degree murder and came out an individual that is now making a significant contribution to society in fact he works for the city of los angeles you helped him absolutely is there are other individuals who are former students

that i have taught that have been incarcerated and i have kept in contact with them for many many years and try and help them reform and approach life very differently as you know. every one of the millions of surveyed it eliminated states do you think do you think there is a prison industrial complex call it what you want do we have a very large prison system in the united states we do twenty five percent of all the world's prisoners with five percent of the population. you know i can't argue against those statistics but what i do know from my perspective as a judge is you know the people that i send to prison in gage in some really horrendous acts and what i have learned through my involvement with the people who

are featured in the movie is that with the appropriate support and guidance and what have you lives can be reclaimed and away from and does individuals resent it when a systemic level there's been a five hundred percent increase in the conservation of african-americans in the united states since the one nine hundred seventy s. was crime is no more prevalent amongst the white community or the african american community how do you see that in the courtroom before you start the rehabilitation crime affects the disadvantaged the poor communities far more than it does the a fluent. it is the product of a whole host of reasons it's a product of obviously institutionalized racism in the united states it is a product of a school system that in the inner city has not met the needs of the young people it is a product of the. introduction of crack cocaine in los angeles and the impact that

that has had on families and what it means in terms of disabling mothers and fathers from being able to do the job that they need to do there's a host of reasons i'm sure we're all school wild the great irish right is that. the good slave holder is worse than the bad slave of it because. it actually allows the misery to go on you don't think as you rehabilitate these individuals of private donations and civil. these people will only know that in fighting the system if we go artists actually in this will. we stop being able to see the systematic. destruction of livelihoods as i say on the proportion of basis west of the discussion about our legal system in the united states is going to hold individuals responsible for conduct and if you are a person of color if you're

a white person regardless if you engage in certain conduct ok that is harmful to others you need to be held accountable and what is you know very unfortunate and in los angeles is. that that conduct seems to be predominately in gauged in disproportionate to the overall population by people of color because that is proportionally poor presumed correct judge greg mitchell thank you. and that's efficient we'll be back on wednesday with a member of the syrian parliament for aleppo a gem of the syrian federation industry part of the show so that if you are such as it should be you would feel wednesday forty four years of the day the carnation revolution deposing anglo-american back dictatorship in portugal.

are the mainstream media playing out roles found in the great russian novel the possessed voicing dissent against media orthodoxies has never been more dangerous and is peace breaking out in the crimean peninsula. financial survival guide. this is what happens to pensions in britain. you watch kaiser report. los angeles the city of luxury and fame but also an alarming number of people living in the streets. the simple fact in l.a. is there's just not enough shelter even if people on the streets right now decided to come in there's nowhere to come in and it's been

a struggle. to get this man found his own response to the problem and constructed dozens of tiny homes for people in need of shelter when you have nothing in order to go. you know having something like this may as well be a castle but do the authorities accept such solution tiny house on a city parking space is not a solution your craft to have someone monitoring the site otherwise it will be a free for all and is there a better alternative to end the homelessness crisis. and is getting international recognition with the help of israel at least in the world of zoos the middle fifth dismissed it too good loving you like you know. this isn't my cup but is going out local sunday all mediated there is no charge without hope

of a ship the only palestinians who gets the most help from its jerusalem counterparts i don't think this is about those who endure under the oak vision to know who could give us. and the earth is all of your knowledge the heart of this lady the muscle that you have i'm a digital t.v. i'm the doesn't seem to do more camillus also don't piss off. a new friendship blossoms in international politics as the french and american presidents bond over a mutual dislike of syria's leader. claims of a chemical attack in the syrian city. duma earlier this month called into question with a number of journalists who visited the site struggling to find any evidence to back of a poll and the people there are telling us very curious raises this whole story from a group of seventh street and a local cameraman claims israeli soldiers shot dead an unarmed palestinian t.