to overachieve. you hold. your leverage. while the demand keeps growing university tuition fees skyrocket the world over the cost of education is high increasing. their. work harder is more. i don't understand how can a school be a scam. in the name of so-called economic pragmatism and as a result of international competition university is a turning into a huge money making machine that's. not in my family members went to university i think i wanted to be i wanted to be got one. from shanghai to new york to go and countries around the world reflect trying different moves each remodelling its system in its own way but at what price and who profits from it was.

a discussion point of us story which begins at the end of the ninety's. at that time you had this financial izing itself all the while expanding many intellectuals european university presidents and expert groups engage in a vast reflection on how to build a more complete more ambitious europe. how to strengthen its intellectual scientific and technological influence. what is the secret of the united states and its economic power. the answer lies in higher education and research. a realm that has become undeniably strategic.

well. at the end of the twentieth century american universities prevail and rule europe is afraid afraid of finding itself on the sidelines it needs a strategy and so european gauges in a series of reforms to make its higher education more competitive so it can serve europe's economy its productivity its job market and its liberal project england will quickly set the tone before anyone else and to get straight to the point. after the second world war we had a system where local education authorities around the country were responsible for providing a grant to students and giving of covering tuitions fees. and that was at a time when roughly three percent of eighteen year olds went to university around twenty thousand

a year. all science students will have their first two terms being required to attend lectures on physics chemistry mathematics and biology it will also be possible for science students to major in philosophy knowledge is not bullshit look at what a huge never world one in one and covering all subject all all places. in the one nine hundred eighty s. and one nine hundred ninety s. there was a funding crisis amongst universities lots of vice chancellors complaining that they didn't have enough money to cover the amount of students are now coming through the system so the government commissioned a report and this was called the deering report and that came up with a number of recommendations almost one hundred recommendations roughly half for the government about how it could. maintain sustain and improve higher education in the u.k. and one of the most controversial parts of that report was the introduction of was

i in one thousand nine hundred seventy the british left led by its young charismatic candidate tony blair wins the elections after eighteen long years of conservative rule. at the age of forty three the head of the labor party takes charge of the country with a program whose foundation is to apply private sector management models to public services so as to make them more efficient more productive and higher education will be no exception. right. we need to widen access to universities get more money into universities and the best and fairest way to do it is a balance between the state and the graduate. face became reality and nine hundred ninety eight and it was a key landmark in the history of higher education in the u.k. because of that moment the principle of free education free higher education and

unitary finished. for this historic reform tony blair introduces the really one thousand pound tuition fee a smooth way to start five years later prompted by his second term election tony blair authorizes universities to charge tuition fees up to three thousand three hundred pounds yearly and tony blair. head of britain's labor party successfully passed a reform that the conservatives would never have dared bring forward. in two thousand and ten the labor party rallies the opposition the coalition made of liberal democrats and conservatives led by david cameron take charge of the country very rapidly the debate of a jewish and fees arises on the political scene again this time the government intends to authorize tuition fees up to nine thousand pounds yearly all the while reducing the portion of public funding and it catered to universities this new reform violently divides both members of parliament and public opinion that have

been very difficult choices to make we have opted for a such of policies that provides a strong base for university funding which makes a major contribution to reducing the deficit and introducing a significantly more progressive system of graduate paper and stuff we inherited and i'm proud to put forward that magic so this. very. order. there is nothing a bank that chinee benefit to the lowest income graduates that justifies doubling or tripling the debt of the vast majority of brides isn't it credible that the party opposite who actually introduced the principle of graduates paying and thank you for two jewish and fee increases is able to drum up quite so much faith and

drug issues out there are any young person ask any young person in any poor communities in our country what is your prospect what is your what do you want to do many would say i want to study i want to qualify i want to go to university i want to achieve something in life. help them. less they are very poor or they're going to borrow money to survive to get through university they simply will not do it this decision matters so much to so many people. i'd say to the house if you don't believe in it vote against it. to the right three hundred twenty three you know most of the last three hundred true god. was.

i was when it was really from three thousand that it became one thousand pounds i was up to the university if they wanted to introduce nine thousand pounds a maximum face or anything between six thousand and nine thousand and unsurprisingly most university decided to set nine thousand pounds most students we have now half a million students going through every year most of those will be paying a minimum nine thousand pounds a year and that's stands. over the course of fifteen years british politicians are ruling class that enjoyed free access to education inflicted a paying system on the new generation. british students along with a european fellows now have to deal with these new rulings that's the way it is.

they're young they long for a solid future get thirsty for knowledge and dream of climbing the social ladder all that has a price tag and they'd better get used to him. and then to grow up in a working class family in the south of poland the young woman could have enrolled in a university in cracow in copenhagen or even amsterdam. it would have been free in england and it was granted a student loan to pay for her nine thousand pounds tuition fee. i knew i was going to go abroad to study and i think well for a little while i thought it was going to be scotland but then. i think i decided it was england you know like way back and it just stuck with me and i and i came here and it was it was scary it was so scary because i was away from home i was here

alone i didn't have anywhere to turn to and look at me now i study chinese of all the crises that i could have chosen i can't wait for you know what the future holds and what i'm going to do i have so many ideas but we'll see. i talked to my grandfather once and we're talking about everything else and then kind of started talking about university and how much money that costs and everything and i had many thoughts about ok maybe maybe i'll quit maybe i'll you know it's too much maybe it's not worth it and then i realized well how my going to pay it back but that's one of the reasons why i stayed and other reason bigger even is that i like what i do i think i'm not quite sure where that came from my need to go to university i think is because. none of my family members went to university i think i wanted to be i wanted to be that one first person who did that and my mom

my mom really wanted me to do that as well she did encourage me strongly i don't know what i would do with her if i fail i would i would feel like i failed her and i never want to do that ever. because being here and doing what i do and being university is my way of paying her back problem that she's to me i think. oh yeah i'm good it's my way of paying back for everything. and. students be forced one day to get into debt. should education become

a syllable good. must didn't speak um self-made finance he has to earn an education . northern european countries do things a bit differently. though some officials do not. fully understand or do not fully accept the principle of football being beyond politics that's a fundamental principle of the world football. for granted some people may have opinions but it's their own opinions and doesn't influence opinions of the many other football fans who are buying tickets every day in large volumes. across europe municipalities are taking their water supply back from private companies who have it in with speed palaces with simple song alone even if i

company elsewhere though they invite private companies to take over the utilities many bought a hell of. a lot so mr gus you got to be well on the come up because. i've been this is us to quote them out of political office of more use than bill if bill brought up locals are ready to stand up for the basic human right of access to water it's about water but it's also over much more than water it's about to hurt and the redistribution of our west. and their debt downwards the one dollar. so for example is that them valid still acting or just a down payment on

a young gun and most of it all and need to sample and fired last hundred billing minute maid on take off this is that. if a man asked mr don't submit all adult institute of used to be that sounds like i was at the very last miss out to down to spit. or lick it on to find the found skilling is going to pull together is going to get is my boy so that all of the hammer in our studio beefed up. saddam and all the valid hmong are suited up able to scold me for okaying us miles from comedy and at last i'm here not beating but when sky. going to from an e.q. appears not and so most of the bittorrent studio. sweden just like denmark and finland not only offers free education to european students but also allocates a universal ground to each through dish student three hundred euros a month for six years. this way to students to use his or her time at university as an experience of freedom and learning a way to shape

a critical mind and apprehend the world here it's important it's called the student experience. they are in love with the us the for us to them into not from. their. mix on manic or. share not the whole of their friends photo and number herber third at twelve can escort us in from paid. tank a feat oke tank. made and yelped i'm a forty four and i said here that the lesson from to oaktown my docs the stuff. that. you know. that made me have a heart was that we got to drum up at the moment when it had to be the doing the other start ups are kidnapped at the end of this because you know they are hard to

stomach and you don't have to have a. little child if you. it was something to behold i told you all the yes thing. alone to those trying to solve but some answers not just. or soon to most or all cells come to more question out of this i mean about. a month and a half to clubs you know fun here no p.o.v. so. the moment the sun during the fun thing with a good thing during an. attempt to empty our mothers' i mean man decide this is the good news what's the pelosi and fantasy of a man the judge in the most i could give me evidence against going to the senate told him a nickel disvalue say on the surface to. get some f. don't talk about stuff different about stuff how the ball still new in the hole or about yourself or more how you all hold about. it in the midst of intimacy so

that's where the moments come from doing the show in the film. industry as a food court told us a. special summer so just this talk if you must but. your picture of your teacher about. it when i make do full circle kind of offering nothing to all sleeping out in. the side. former state before they come and live and let us not the next minute i think oaks of this lot harder so i think i'll see over your total how to spin it all not just when i was trying to figure it out do you congressman i shall say that some famous coke i'm still finding out as they go out there but see it at the end of this week somehow i got anything new on sunday some of the most infamous a number six on the c.c. this any time to your point that three hundred to some your thank you for having me was already out in the middle of the on the stand.

just. what happens elsewhere the tuition fee increase hasn't deterred young english students from enrolling. in one thousand nine hundred eight just before the introduction of tuition fees there were eight hundred thousand students in english universities. there are now two point three million the cost to access knowledge hasn't deterred them so why stop there. dave vice chancellor is already making noises about the cap but he still to live life thousand pounds a year. many are saying that we need to move to an american style system where it's much much more expensive it's not a nine thousand pounds cap it will be much much more but i think what we're witnessing i'm in a cross the public sector an equation on public sector within the united kingdom within the u.k. it's probably the third phase of competition and privatized market time zation

since since the second world war and that's what we've seen in terms of higher education it's a slow creep and when you start to introduce that you get the leadership of universities stop thinking necessarily about the education that they are providing or about the public good start importing the behaviors of what they see as a competitive environment elsewhere within the private sector. manchester so students we've got many different universities here mentions so much reporting university university of so forth northwest through college of music manchester articulate to me and so on we're told in student population is about one hundred thirty thousand students which is pretty much one third of the city our campus year it is almost as big as manchester city center. big division

of communications and marketing communicates everything that's good about the university both internally and text and it's developing and it's also professionalizing the higher education sector is probably like behind the commercial sector for some time but it's catching up very fast our university has its very own starbucks if your interests are burps if you're into like taking selfies with your starbucks cup and everything this is pretty much the closest to go if you go to some where you're going to get a free cookie if you go to mcdonald's you're going to get a free mc for ian so. saw the series pretty much made for students so make good use of it student fees have increased from three thousand pounds to nine thousand pounds that does mean that students want better value for money they want more in marketing and help and communicate but what the benefits of an organizational so we always have many many different people coming over we had some professors from many

different countries we had also movie directors and everything if you want to make a good impression stuff you can get a job offers in higher education in the u.k. traditionally historically communications and marketing have been very much a support function what we're seeing now is a transformation where we're moving from a supporting role to a leadership role. and that's the feeling that as has come very very quickly over the last few years that it's not just about education anymore it's also about running a business many universities are now businesses and the vice chancellors are also chief executives and they make no they're not shy in saying this they have to make money they have to make a profit and startlingly what we found is that over

a period of five years vice chancellors salaries had increased by on average somewhere in the region of twenty six percent whereas in the same period for your main gate lectures those people are actually providing the service to the students saw their pay drop in real terms by twelve percent or this is a clear normally and you have to ask yourself the questions why is this happening. reform this is the only system similar to all those worldwide could support paying education rely on an essential concept an economic theory born in the sixty's. and it rose to. at the end of the ninety's. the human capital. but capital you must acquire say the third quarter there. and i need you disposed us took the good bit also the good is also very noisy. a.q.r. don't. you know that bt loss over the the reform

a few of us really are farmers are either still of course you state. this week at the dollar bissonnette or it will cost you pause a. look at the songs. you give that even if that the name there was a new exhibit all clichy cimon do them on the island remember the feel say the pharmacy also give either a porsche large or some of the thing you don't have a bottle to come does it true that is the truth was all set up at the it what you feel most at regime like on a sauce that blue green valley or economic is very likely to meet at a saucy d.c. printed if you jump so that your course you pause desire may let you just revive our good old proceed you know says it you didn't kill some other top receiver you got bigger share. in the two lead

me to her she'd love to eat. is. influenced by the english tidal wave in two thousand and six germany also raised his tuition fees authorizing universities to charge one thousand euros per year little italy finished two years all the lender of federal states slowly abandon this policy to return to an entirely free system. deutscher first it was for not only has it. it's business as for homes and buildings i'm a bit too long how does midget buck the three only visited if i had to go to when he visited a third of the top of. the first hoover the m for an order to talk to him could be at odds with. bison so in other words order to

human door slammed by to him to be on fire fighter and you don't count. this doubled as money action scene come on us. skips us getting annoyed with a connotation when he visited in get. this and shoved its business model to tighten daughter leading to it skips is because in that when z. . z. invasion is doing good be on z. but listen and. we visit if it's worse but the university of manchester doesn't seem to us aid in this it's your aunt to florida to new york equal for seed of a. decent in this dude's your own place. despite some resistance the english model is spreading throughout europe. it applies theories elaborated by

large international instances mostly by the world bank and the o.e.c.d. . from now on the knowledge market is the new doctrine universities are expected to become a strategic force in wealth production. they must become like companies and industries they must promote applied research they must favor in playability they must produce a qualified workforce consistent with companies designers. mogs does dish to put a bit of affinity socially as you duffer going it's the most recent going to be a hobby and see if you can be moved. good audio take mission that a consideration. traineeships into neeman war d. you enjoy defense before the hawks really coming to doctors in the name is not meant to be good to be had and what does is garbage all stuff that is to give each the current in under who truly need it sees it does he didn't let you into neeman boy in does not in a guy says or the indian engineer of his and she often is he can play ability id

for absolute feet it isn't owned up is in dolphin does the divisions of the funny tate's sister had to get out into didn't need to identify. this british i'm drama to coniston what the first did when he visited furtive youngest member who's also been once institute to one this is a trust us indoors in the who should get these i want to she is they have reasonably by months on finished fresh deed this does belong to the team production in front of you. the iran nuclear deal was one seen as a major achievement of american diplomacy but that's no longer the case donald trump's decision to pull out of the deal has reopened

a major international problem they have to analyze betrayed and adversities confused. the world perceives. milton's i would say i'm not american but americans helped out really. world war two cures the depression carson said she's concerned prosperity of course from store. for the for us the whole world what it what and. historical rewrite ever since world war two to foment the cold war against russia against communism and.

socialists nish pushed. the soviets all me out she also lost a swath of the earth so use could all go. all i think world war two has been the story credibly by the anglo-american media and that's because they wanted to minish the role of russia. and stalin who actually defeated hitler.

police in parish use and killed a man who stopped one person to death and injured several others near the french capital of maine or perhaps a terror investigation is underway. into the stories that shapes the week european leaders are refusing to toe washington's lie after president trump withdrawals from the a wrong nuclear deal and imposes new sanctions against two wrong. no clashes intensify on the israeli gaza border ahead of the u.s. embassies move to jerusalem leaving two palestinians dead in the final. also division in the usa the trumpets nomination to.