and in the middle of the sixty's there were thirteen million students enrolled in higher education in two thousand and fifteen there were two hundred million in less than fifteen years there are expected to be four hundred million to. urge you hold liberia to keep your leverage in order and. while the demand keeps growing university tuition fees skyrocket the world over the cost of education is high increasing. their. work harder is more. i don't understand how can a school be a scam. in the name of so called economic pragmatism and as a result of international competition universities are turning into a huge money making machine so. that all my family members went to university i

think i wanted to be i wanted to be got one. from shanghai to new york paris to billion countries around the world reflect trying different moves each remodelling its system in its own way but at what price and who profits from it. really are a distorting point of a story which begins at the end of the ninety's. at that time you have this financial izing itself all the while expanding many intellectuals european university presidents and expert groups engage in a vast reflection on how to build a more complete more ambitious europe. how to strengthen its intellectual scientific and technological influence. what is the secret of the united states and

its economic power. the answer lies in higher education and research. a realm that has become undeniably strategic. at the end of the twentieth century american universities prevail andrew europe is afraid afraid of finding itself on the sidelines it needs a strategy and so european gauges in a series of reforms to make its higher education more competitive so it can serve europe's economy its productivity its job market and its liberal project england will quickly set the tone before anyone else and to get straight to the point.

after the second world war we had a system where local education authorities around the country were responsible for providing a grant to students and giving of covering tuitions fees. and that was at a time when roughly three percent of eighteen year olds went to university around twenty thousand. all science students will. be required to attend lectures on physics chemistry mathematics and biology it will also be possible for science students to major in philosophy. knowledge is not bullshit look at what a huge myth one and one and covering all subject all places all. in the one nine hundred eighty s. and nine hundred ninety s. there was a funding crisis amongst universities lots of vice chancellors complaining that they didn't have enough money to cover the amount of students who are now coming

through the system so the government commissioned a report and this was called a daring report and that came up with a number of recommendations almost one hundred recommendations roughly half for the government about how it could. maintain sustain and improve higher education in the u.k. and one of the most controversial parts of that report was the introduction of. i in one thousand nine hundred seventy the british left led by its young charismatic candidate tony blair wins the elections after eighteen long years of conservative rule. at the age of forty three the head of the labor party takes charge of the country with a program whose foundation is to apply private sector management models to public services so as to make them more efficient more productive. higher education will be no exception. right. we need to widen access to universities get

more money into universities and the best and fairest way to do it is a balance between the state and the graduate situation face became reality and nine hundred ninety eight and it was a key landmark in the history of higher education in the u.k. because at that moment the principle of free education free higher education in the u.k. finished. for this historic reform tony blair introduces the yearly one thousand pounds tuition fee a smooth way to start a fight. prompted by his second term election tony blair authorizes universities to charge tuition fees up to three thousand three hundred pounds. tony blair head of britain's labor party successfully passed a reform that the conservatives would never have dared bring forward. in two thousand and ten the labor party rallies the opposition the coalition made of

liberal democrats conservatives led by david cameron take charge of the country very rapidly the debate of attrition fees arises on the political scene again this time the government intends to authorize tuition fees up to nine thousand pounds all the while reducing the portion of public funding and it catered to universities this new reform violently divides both members of parliament and public opinion that have been very difficult choices to make we have opted for a such a policy is that provides a strong base for university funding which makes a major contribution to reducing the deficit and introducing a significantly more progressive system of gradual pavements down we inherited and i'm proud to put forward that magic to this. area. in order. to know that.

there is nothing a bank that chinee benefit to the lowest income graduates that justifies doubling or tripling the debt of the vast majority of right isn't it credible that the party opposite who actually introduced the principle of graduates paying and fainted for two jewish and see increases is able to drum up quite so much faith anger on the issues out there was any young person ask any young person in any poor communities in our country what is your prospect what is your what do you want to do many would say. i want to study i want to qualify i want to go to university i want to achieve something in life. hell that. unless they are very cool they can have to borrow money to survive to get through university they simply will not do it this decision matches so much to so many people. i'd say to the house if you don't believe in it vote against it.

to the right three hundred twenty three you know most of the last three hundred true. god. god. god. was when it was really from three thousand that it became one thousand pounds or it was up to the university if they wanted to introduce nine thousand pounds. face or anything between six thousand and nine thousand and unsurprisingly most university decided to set nine thousand pounds most students we have now half a million students going through every year most of those will be paying a minimum nine thousand pounds a year and that's stan's. over

the course of fifteen years british politicians are ruling class that had enjoyed free access to education inflicted a paying system on the new generation. british students along with a european fellows now have to deal with these new rulings. that's the way it is. they're young they long for a solid future get thirsty for knowledge and dream of climbing the social ladder all that has a price tag and they'd better get used to him. and if i grew up in a working class family in the south of poland a young woman could have enrolled in a university in cracow in copenhagen or even amsterdam. it would have been free in england and it was granted a student loan to pay for her nine thousand pounds tuition fee. i

knew i was going to go abroad to study and i think well for a little while i thought it was going to be scotland but then. i think i decided it was england you know like way back and it just stuck with me and i and i came here and it was it was scary it was so scary because i was away from home i was here alone i didn't have anywhere to turn to and look at me now i study chinese of all the courses that i could have chosen i can't wait for you know what the future holds and what i'm going to do i have so many ideas but we'll see. i talked to my grandfather once and we're talking about everything else and then kind of started talking about university and how much money that costs and everything and i had many thoughts about ok maybe maybe i'll quit maybe i'll you know it's too much maybe it's not worth it and then i realized well how my going to

pay it back but that's one of the reasons why i stayed and other reason bigger even is that i like what i do i think i'm not quite sure where that came from my need to go to university i think is because. none of my family members went to university i think i wanted to be i wanted to be that one first person who did that and my mom my mom really wanted me to do that as well she did encourage me strongly i don't know what i would do with her if i fail i would i would feel like i failed her and i never want to do that ever. because being here and doing what i do and being university is my way of paying her back problem that she's to me i think that.

oh yeah i'm good it's my way of paying back for everything. and. we don't know you're a peon students be forced one day to get into debt. should education become a sellable good. must judas become self-made finance he has to earn an education. northern european countries things a bit differently. though some officials do not. fully understand or do not fully accept the principle of football being beyond politics that's a fundamental principle of the world football. were granted some people may have opinions but it's their own opinions and doesn't influence opinions of many other

football fans who are buying tickets every day in large volumes. united states head of. news and it's a tax on other countries. economic sanctions are often just the beginning another thing you like to do is place some military pressure on the countries a talking about. and there has to be an effort to demonize that country and the leader of that country. has a responsibility for the whole. and we need to make rules for the rest. because without us there would be.

the politic. washstand not been driven by the fossil fuel energy lobbyist they could have gone into renewables ten twenty years earlier and those jobs would be in place generating good paying jobs in america would be part of a growing world beating industry but because they kowtow to those lobbyist they got stuck in the coal business which it up liberated by the gas business which is a trillion dodgy and for a lot of reasons and now it's going to be obliterated by the chinese led revolution in solar. so to some promise if i'm grounded stewart you know. most of it's on

a new to some and. beginning. to go through. if a man asked mr don't submit all o'donovan stood obvious to me that sounds like i was at the very last miss out to down to spit. or lick it on to for new found skill angles can appeal to gays is going to get is my boy so but i'm not a hammer in your studio if you're so dumb as all of a valid hmong are suited up able to scold me for okaying as males from. last on here look beating but when sky. going to from a it appears not and so most of the bit on the studio. just like denmark and finland not only offers free education to european students but also allocates a universal ground to each through dish student three hundred euros a month for six years. this way the students tease his or her time at university as an experience of freedom and learning a way to shape

a critical mind and apprehend the world here it's important it's called the student experience. they are in love with the us the for us to them into not from. their. mics on manic or. don't hold their friends photo and don't buy her fur at twelve can ask op us in from paid. tank a feat oke tank. made and yelped i'm a forty four and i said that being the same fronted oak that my docs especially love that. have. you know the one that made me have a heart that was that we got to drum up a storm of me go up and have the do. you have to start us off to the lab to get out of this because you know the show might use to come and go and it was

a. little childish of. something the whole goal of your earliest thing. alone to those trying to solve all the moments is not just. or soon to most of all sales will come to market so now to some of the. amounts of influence you know find here no p.o.v. so. the moment you know you know from three months ago come here and think various type of thing better than montreal love to tell me man this and this is the good news what's the plan since fantasy of a man the judge and the most i could give me evidence against got the senate call them a spine you say on the surface to. get some added on to about stuff to fight about stuff how the more the school room the horror of a result the more hell you all hold about. it in the midst of intimacy so

that's where the moments come from doing the show not the. investigation from we call the toss a. special stimulus i just don't do the musburger. your picture of your teacher i just lived in a magickal circle kind of offering nothing to you all sleeping out in. the side. former state before two because i live it and it just about the most minute i think of the oaks of this lot harder so think i'll see over your total how this been going on but yes when i was trying to figure it out do you congressman i say that the some famous got caught on stuff out there just to get a goddamn patsy of at the end of this week somehow i thought anything new on sunday some of the most infamous gaining number six on the seas if there's any time to your point that three hundred to some your thank you for time means that i bought it out in the middle of the on the stand because i think.

this. what happens elsewhere the jewish unfeeling crease hasn't deterred young english students from enrolling. in one thousand nine hundred eight just before the introduction of tuition fees there were eight hundred thousand students in english universities. there are now two point three million the cost to access knowledge hasn't deterred them so why stop there. dave vice chancellor is already making noises about the cap still to live thousand pounds a year. many are saying that we need to move to an american style system where it's much much more expensive it's not a nine thousand pounds cap it will be much much more but i think what we're witnessing i'm in a cross the public sector an equation on public sector within the united kingdom within the u.k. it's probably the third phase of competition and privatized marketisation since

since the second world war and that's what we've seen in terms of higher education it's a slow creep and when you start to introduce that you get the leadership of universities stop thinking necessarily about the education that they are providing or about the public good and start importing the behaviors of what they see as a competitive environment elsewhere within the private sector. manchester so students we've got many different universities here mentions so much for a bottom university university or so forth northwestern college of music manchester articulate to me and so on we're told one student population is about one hundred thirty thousand students which is pretty much one third of the city our campus year it is almost as big as spencer city center. big division of

communications and marketing communicates everything that's good about the university both internally and text and it's developing and it's also professionalizing the higher education sector is probably like behind the commercial sector for some time but it's catching up very fast our university has its very own starbucks if you're into starbucks if you're into like taking selfies with your starbucks cup and everything this is pretty much the closest to go if you go to some where you're going to get a free cookie if you go to mcdonald's you're going to get a free mc flurry and so on. so the city is pretty much made for students so make great use of the student fees have increased from three thousand pounds to nine thousand pounds that does mean that students want better value for money they want more in marketing and help and communicate but what the benefits of an organizational so we always have many many different people coming over we had some

professors from many different countries we have also movie directors and everything if you want to make a good impression stuff you can get a job offers in higher education in the u.k. traditionally like historically communications and marketing have been very much a support function what we're seeing now is a transformation where we're moving from a supporting role to a leadership role. and that's the feeling that as has come very very quickly over the last few years that it's not just about education anymore it's also about running a business many universities are now businesses and the vice chancellors are also chief executives and they make no they're not shy in saying this they have to make money they have to make a profit and startlingly what we found is that over

a period of five years vice chancellors salaries had increased by on average somewhere in the region of twenty six percent whereas in the same period for your main gate lecturers those people are actually providing the service to the students saw their pay drop in real terms by twelve percent well this is a clear normally and you have to ask yourself the questions of why is this happening. reform this is the only system similar to all those worldwide that support paying education rely on an essential concept an economic theory born in the sixty's. and it rose to fame. at the end of the ninety's. the human capital. but capital you must acquire say the third quarter there. and i need you disposed us to talk the good bit also the good is also a very noisy. a.q.r. don't. you know that d.d.t.

loss over the the pharmacy all of us real or pharmacy or any of us still of course you think. this would be so nail it all off you pause. the songs. you give that is that the name they're both new and so it all clichy cimon do them on the island remember the feel say the pharmacy also give either a pause or larger society yeah don't have a bottle to come does it true that is if you force yourself up at the it what you fear most at regime like on a sauce that blue green valley or economic is very likely to meet at a sausage d.c. printed if you jump so that your course you pause desire may let you just revive our good old proceed you know says it you didn't kill some other top receiver you got be a share. in the two with me

to her she'd love to eat. is. influenced by the english tidal wave in two thousand and six germany also raised his tuition fees authorizing universities to charge one thousand euros per year this ugly within a few years all the lender of federal states slowly abandon this policy to return to an entirely free system. deutscher first it was fun only visit it. it's business as for homes and buildings i'm a bit dog how does midget buck does the owner visited if i had to go to when he visited i thought. but that wouldn't just the first room or the m for an order to him could be allowed to feel. so in other words

order to him and doors led by to him could be open fire fighter and you don't count . as money action scene come. on. skips us getting another connotation when you visited and get. this and shift its business model to the titan daughter needed to get skips e'squus in the bin z. . z. invasion is doing good be on z. but listen and. we visit if it's must believe university of manchester does into us a pushing this it's your aunt to florida to make your tea quilt for cedar fair become. decent in the states you and placed. despite some resistance the english model is spreading throughout europe. it applies theories elaborated by

large international instances mostly by the world bank and the o.e.c.d. . from now on the knowledge market is the new doctrine universities are expected to become a strategic force in wealth production. they must become like companies and industries they must promote applied research they must favor in playability they must produce a qualified workforce consistent with companies designers. mogs does dish to put a bit of affinity socially as you duffer going to fix that also present going to harm and see if you can be moving. good audio take mission that i can to sion. traineeships into neeman ward the human voice defensive. to be daft isn't a name it's not my computer to be had and what does it cover just off that it's to give it the a current in under. it sees it didn't last you want to name and boy does not in the guy says the indian engineer isn't shafton is he that employee ability id for

absolute fi to get it from owned up to xen dolphin does he do business after you do it to get out into the internet by days there's britisher more that i'm blue ahmed accommodation more the first did when he visited furtive youngest member who's always been known to institute through one this is it just wasn't george land in. these i want to she is there isn't lee by months on finished first did the first belong to the team for. the iran nuclear deal was one seen as a major achievement of american diplomacy but that's no longer the case donald trump's decision to pull out of the deal has reopened a major international problem and they have to analyze betrayed and adversities confused how should the world proceed.

across europe municipalities are taking their water supply back from private companies to me to keep our little simple song alone even some company elsewhere they invite private companies to take over their utilities anybody tell us they're all. allowed from us you guys speak out on the piano because. this is. because. of where you live bill brought up locals are ready to stand up for the basic human right of access to water it's about water but it's also over much more than law it's about the hurt and the redistribution of.

debt downwards if you want or. it's reported the man occurred at the starving in paris on saturday was on the security forces watch list for his extremist views he was shot dead by police after killing one person injuring several others. came down this road with his hands covered in blood holding a knife. plus one story that shaped the week just gone european leaders refused to toe washington's line after president trump abandons the iran nuclear deal with one kid visor now saying he can't rule out sanctioning new companies who do business with the rat also. costed me and sick killed and dozens injured as protests continue on the border between guards are in israel ahead of the u. s. embassies move to jerusalem tomorrow.