you had people like mary pickford douglas fairbanks charlie chaplin and other hollywood stars out there promoting these war bonds. the whole field of public relations that the name public relations was created by a guy named bearnaise. he created the field he was young man specifically to sell war bonds for the first world war that was the origin of what we now know as public relations and he realized instead of telling people buy bonds too because you'll make some money off your bonds you know you know save it will help america instead it was like you're buying bonds to defeat the hun you know that killing babies in belgium this was this was his propaganda you know this if you're if you're against killing babies in belgium buy us war bonds and so the whole war bond propaganda. that was the very first use of what we today call. public relations but you also

had during world war one the beginnings of government propaganda on a much larger scale much of this was run through the committee on public information that was headed by george creel and they were deliberately trying to manipulate the public to support the war and they did that on a lot of different fronts again during world war one this was a time when you had vast censorship where it was against the law to opposed the draft it was against the law to publicly speak against the war really and many very patriotic americans were thrown into prison during world war one because they were opposing the war including eugene debs leading big bill haywood people who spoke out against world war one is being a war in which working class kids were being sacrificed the name of profits for the big banks.

in the one nine hundred thirty s. radio was the internet of its day and programs like the radio research project at princeton university with rockefeller foundation financing had already begun to discern that in the words of theodore adore no radio music listeners are not childlike but they are childish their primitivism is not that of the end developed but that of the forcibly retarded. frank stanton was one of the project's directors before becoming president of c.b.s. news. program. i'm. going to report. regular and. i'm moving.

in one hundred thirty eight orson welles created a national panic with his radio broadcast of h.g. wells' is war of the world it's about a quarter of the listeners and following morning actually believed they were being invaded by the dread germans. three years later and attacked it coming not by germans or martian invaders but by the japanese one of the ironies is that many of the people who were going to be blacklisted and greylisting during the mccarthy period were the ones who were out there promoting the war and promoting war bonds during the war in the hysteria of the early cold war anyone seen as pro-communist despite the soviets being america's strongest ally during the war were not subject to loyalty oaths background checks and even complained. while some hollywood actors like ronald reagan actually became f.b.i. informants others refused to disavow their first amendment freedom of political

association during the witch hunt and september of nineteen forty seven we have got the first hearings about the hollywood ten as we've come to know that they actually called for forty one witness is nineteen of whom they expected to be hostile and those nineteen ten testified ten leading hollywood people seven of whom were writers only one was an actor but they claimed the first amendment and refused to answer a question. ns about their political affiliations based upon the first amendment they were later found to be in contempt they were sent to prison in one thousand nine hundred fifty these are people like dalton trumbo ring lardner lardner was the most most highly paid and successful screenwriter in hollywood at the time these are the top names these were academy award winners and they were clearly very

very patriotic and they refused to talk about whether they had been members of the communist party it was nothing illegal about being a member of the communist party and given america's commitment to first memory rights there was no reason why they should be called to testify about that but careers were ruined and my uncle was blacklisted all over crawford later became head of the screen writers guild and. you know we do forget that hollywood was very complicit and while we talk about the you know there's a story the unfriendly ten writers like dalton trumbo who had written antiwar scripts and now they are being labeled as communists because they weren't going along with the new militarism but remember the hollywood did turning these people my uncle could not get work he was very very difficult to break through it took him ten years of being terrorized and being knocked out to be able to get back to

hollywood and even then things had to be sanitized. across europe municipalities are taking their water supply back from private companies to me to people this is a simple song alone even some company gets from elsewhere they invite private companies to take over the utilities anybody tell us to open up the labs for miss you guys you got to be a violent appear to be cool. i've been this is a stick with them now look you put it some more you're not able to lift still brought up locals are ready to stand up for the basic human rights the access to water it's about water but it's also over much more than water it's about the hurt

and the redistribution of all as to purchase their debt downwards we wonder. what politicians do so. they put themselves on the line to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president and should. somehow want to press. you to go right to the press it's like the full three in the morning can't be good. i'm interested always in the lawyers and. just sit. there's a myth that hollywood was this great liberal out because when the liberals had it

there was not really any discussion of. class war in america of who's controlling america everything it was soft liberal social issues like gay rights a civil rights but remember not too early only kind of after martin luther king smashed them in the face and they couldn't ignore him at the selma march in bloody sunday but you know so you have basically social liberalism you know women's rights but again it's soft stuff soft liberalism while hollywood tends toward liberality on social issues it's war films really question the hero was or benevolent intentions of american troop deployments since world war two my father was in that war and he hated these war police because of the glorification sit there leaving out the real horror show and because of that you know he couldn't stand watching these glorification of the of the second world war i really hope you understand how

impossible it was to make clear to me i mean it was written in one nine hundred seventy six it was not made to lady six i was turned down dozens of times it was very hurtful and to be rejected people would say it's a great script it did help my reputation as a writer but no one would make it because it was too depressing they said but i said what's depressing about the truth you've got a truth that should be in the movies but that i mean that's a conflict that goes to the heart of hollywood i mean hollywood was never based on telling the truth you can't lose money the american lone survivor he carried chuck norris metamorphosed into mark wahlberg and lone survivor and he kills how many i mean. i forgot seven americans get killed for every american they take down twenty or thirty taliban of course the same thing in blackhawk down every american who goes gets killed in the battle check it out has to kill like i think thirty or forty dark skinned people it's just amazingly that's the way it has to be this kind

of a biblical commandment that says one dead american equals thirty forty four and marcus luttrell's lone survivor certainly glorify the american war machines ability to fight off overwhelming enemy odds drawing more upon the mythology of john wayne's green berets than reality the green berets was made during the vietnam war with the full cooperation of the pentagon and president lyndon johnson likewise lone survivor was made during the afghan war with pentagon support killed twenty depicted navy seals spinning off hundreds of taliban and killing dozens in a valiant alamo like last stand but the after action report that day only acknowledged that the thirty taliban being present and no reports of enemy casualties even the afghani man who saved the trials life denounced the book but really what we're talking about is the military having a massive row within within hollywood in terms of manipulating script content

we found that most interesting to us was not that there was a large number of these products that were affected but the previous scholarship that everyone knew all journalists everybody assumed that there were just a few hundred of these things like that but we found using critical information act request that there actually if you thousand got so obviously been what you might call a cover up or at least some kind of sort of soft cover up you may put it to make it look like this isn't such a great issue of censorship but it but it is early on in my career when i saw the platoon script to get some pentagon help and philippines they wrote back that we had to really rethink vietnam having been there is a for. line soldier of course that i objected to all their objections and not only that they put out an order not an order as much as a desist kind of memorandum to their commanders saying that the troops should not cooperate with this movie same thing happened to us on board the fourth of july so i was doing a t.v. pilot. and we were filming in kelowna northern california and it was written by

gary devor we play these f.b.i. agents kind of thing and i get a knock on the door i've gone through hair and makeup i've memorized my lines for that day and i get a knock on the door and it's the second or third day and there and the guy says well steven we've got these rewrites for you and i was like well wait a second i've already memorized my my lines like why the rewrites you know. and he said well we talk to you talk to the f.b.i. and they want to make these adjustments and that was my first can of i don't know introduction to that to the fact that if you're playing if the alphabet agencies or any agencies are used like f.b.i. certainly cia. anytime you do in a film in those letters are involved and maybe even in cases where the they don't use those letters but they use something similar. they have final approval on oh

and what's been said and what's you know what you're what you're saint steve shalyn is a canadian born actor who found success in hollywood films like a river runs through it and the bodyguard but he alleges that when he tried to launch his own production company in canada called lion's gate his endeavor was sabotaged. to this day he does not profess to know the who or why behind i had my own bad experience i was starting a production company and it was stolen from me my children were threatened kidnapped i ended up basically losing everything. including a nice house in the hollywood sign a farm up here in canada and i was i was on the run being tracked and followed and i was pretty undone by the whole experience when i went into a bar in beverly hills one night and i ran in to get rid of work and gary was friendly as usual he steve i.e. dylan you know. you wouldn't believe this and i gave him like the mini version of

what i'd gone through and what was kind of great is jerry didn't look at me like i was nuts even discount what i was saying he just basically agreed with with me and said yeah well they can they can do that if they want it also told me about a project he was working on that had to do with the the war in panama and he was joe of all gene stuff or writing about stuff and that you know his buddies in the cia were not happy and this is twenty years ago and we know a lot of this now we did not then and what this was about was the many in cartel sending huge amounts of cocaine into the united states and the government being aware of it and not taking the stand against it that they might have. and that there was a tremendous amount of money from the madding cartel transferring this cocaine into our country that went under. the guise of a of

a business deal i guess and was put into panamanian banks while noriega was in power there with us and the money was laundered and was spent on. insurgency groups nicaragua and nieces all of the things that we now actually know are pretty true but then there was none of this known and for reasons. that i was unaware of at the time gary was aware of all of these things gary did or was a successful screenwriter known for his films like the dogs of war and raw deal as well as his bizarre disappearance it was nineteen ninety seven he was on his way back to turn a script into the studio that he was going to direct and it was actually the only time that the finished script the computer all of the research was in one place it

was in his car and he disappeared on his way back to members of the cia and the n.s.a. appeared in my home within the first four or five days. and many other unusual things started happening i realized that perhaps it was not a typical crime that only aims in one direction it aims in the direction that this person was definitely working with the intelligence community they said don't you believe he's dead it's been over a year and i said no if you want me to believe he's dead give me a body nine days later i was given a body i was awakened at seven in the morning it was chased brandon calling me from langley saying they found the car they found they found the car with the by. and there was a three hour time difference of course between new york and l.a. and ten o'clock they called me from the sheriff's department in l.a. to tell me they found the car well they found

a. year later or whatever in his truck. the skeletal remains. were supposedly thrown in the back of a truck so i guess that was sending a message to anybody that if you go rogue or if you go you know off the ranch is to say whatever you're up against the cia and what their plans are then this is what we're going to do and i guess. it's really indicative of you know i mean that's his tool right it's errands the mystery of gary divorce fate may linger as long as that of j.f.k. but it is intriguing that divorce disappearance came in one thousand nine hundred seventy years after the cia established its first official hollywood liaison office it may have been merely symbolic but it seemed the coming decade of the two thousand the patriot act in the u.s. led global war would dominate the american. is still the us government and i trust that citizens to think critically for themselves and more importantly crises we

have to unfold on the big screen where the heroes of the american intelligence services and military would inevitably fight to defend global freedom but behind the lie we must ask ourselves how much we swallow the pill of propaganda evolved from psychological warfare a phrase derived from nazi germany's. worldview. because there's a survival guide. to the story. repatriations

look at the rest a seventy. percent. report. the united states. and its attacks on other countries. economic sanctions or are often just the beginning another thing you like to do is place some military pressure on the country. and there has to be an effort to demonize that country and the leader of that country. has a responsibility for the. weekend to make rules for the rest of.

this without us there will be. i. dozens of palestinians are shot and killed by israeli soldiers on the gaza border in the worst day of violence since the two thousand and fourteen. a us soldier subject himself to waterboarding to test what will be interrogation technique is a form of torture. with strong anti-american views take the lead in iraq's general election with those photos now. for the latest on these stories you can head over to dot com coming up the head of russia's organizing committee for the football world cup is

a guest on stay with us. hello welcome to sophie and sophie shevardnadze they face our world cup world's biggest sporting spectacle is coming to russia teams from all over the planet will dick it out for that coveted prize on stadiums from the black sea to the baltic. but just one month ago how ready is the country for once in a lifetime event well i ask i. had only twenty eight hundred fifty four world cup russia organizing committee. as kickoff for the twenty eighteen feet for world cup i just closer russian cities are going to last minute adjustments and check ups making sure everything is up to standard the world sports greatest turning from

home. to three intercity trains. called free tickets and more and stadiums every three world cup ready for russia's chance to shine what is new and unique about this year's championship and is the country world prepared to handle the unprecedented influx of tourists for the competition and it's really great to have you on our program today welcome thank you right so you took part in preparations for the sochi olympics obviously the world cup is in terms of infrastructure in terms of scale a much bigger thing eleven cities twelve stadiums does it make the world cup more complex organizational kind of you. well we traditionally did not compare the two events they are very different one is multi-sport event and one city we have a single sport event which is scattered throughout european part of russia but.

it is it is complex it is indeed multifaceted it involves a lot of fans who come to russia who want to see great football inside russia russian citizens. in general almost three million tickets are distributed for the world cup so it is a grand event you seem very calm and confident during one of the operational visits to russia fifth officials were saying while washing facilities were progressing on track but the devil is and they tell us what details do they mean and what kind of details do the general public may. well it's hard for me to say which details they meant the world cup is about details world cup has very specific requirements for all the venues for all stadiums. regular stadiums which are used for. national league games they could not instantly host the world cup they need

additional preparation for the need of the patient. and that's what we're doing right now all the stadiums are ready and there will finish adaptation work for for the world cup itself the decoration of the stadiums the fine tuning of the stadiums and there will be completely ready for the world cup but so this is happening do you have a wake last minute catastrophists that you have to deal with i mean we always think not going to see this in the news like something that you can look back and laugh right now behind the scenes stuff. catastrophe would be a very strong word but. usually something happens yes we do we think that we. undertook as much precautions as we could. we hope that everything will go into the plan but usually something happens as we we've seen big football tournament where. pictures have been replaced between the matches we've seen. in the past matches that were delayed or or even removed

postponed. but we have nothing if like that happens that russia will cook during the test runs the new stadiums on a show for the world cup have seen enormous queues and traffic going in and out are going to make sure that the fans are going to be watching the game from the queue and sever their seats while in every city we have a very detailed the very thought through transport plan. this plan will be tested during three matches which will take place at every city before the world cup. these test matches are a good indication to us whether it be our plans work whether any of the venue works in general for a big crowds of people or that if something doesn't work would change it but usually we would come fully prepared you saw luzhniki how would some fruit over two

matches. the same thing will happen with every stadium so the white house has issued a travel warning for fans going to the world which was. the american white house washington at fifa pat says and the russian officials are saying that the security situation is under control so tell me do americans know something we don't get i believe. you know security situation is indeed under control we have a very robust security concept every law enforcement agency is part of it it's part of its inclination to the implementation or we we have tested our security abilities during confederations cup everything worked so we have no reason to believe why it shouldn't or during during the world cup and. get it set at multiple international events there were no security incidents but also we have a good track record of. being able to organize security and safety for all our

guests so if which is put this like the plum diplomatic spat aside and talk seriously terrorism isis has threatened attacks during the tournament what extra anti-terrorist measures are in place with all the proper and to terrorist measures will be in place for sure i cannot tell you the specifics but. every just should be confident that. all the measures are being taken there is. is a huge effort behind. this one organizing security for everyone. i know that tourist police units well based at least and hosted in some units already patrolling moscow how different are they from regular police and what are they going to be doing there's a new effort we we're also looking at it like anybody else.

hopefully there be it's more about the system sourced rather than policing or taking measures it's about making sure that everybody is comfortable that there is no wishes. that everybody everybody has responses to their questions so that we my idea would be that it's more about about assisting and making people comfortable about the visa situation i mean most of the fans and was in the countries they're going to be taking part and the world cup will need business to come to russia like if you go to the embassy and say i'm going to the world cup it's going to be easier to get a visa will be the situation. is very simple we fulfilled our promise to the who was football community. this world cup is visa free. people should just get an id and with an idea where they can travel visa free. will they can also present. a substitution of

a family to your certificate or even electronic one and they will be let into the country without a visa. found i.d.'s are even sent by mail and it's very simple to apply for it it's free service for every ticket holder and we think it's going to be very convenient for. your kind of operating and the very on easy political situation coincidentally it just so happened yes but in the yeah so you get foreign secretary johnson compared world cup in russia to the nazi olympics and nine hundred thirty six. does that frustrate your work. for what frustrates us is that some officials do not. fully understand or do not fully accept the principle of football being beyond politics that's a fundamental principle of the world football. regret that some people may have

opinions but it's their own opinions it doesn't influence opinions of many other football fans who are buying tickets every day at large volumes we have very good ticket sales people who vote for the world cup in russia with their money on their resume there is even to take a deficit for for certain games and we're certain that the stadiums are full and about take a deficit we're going to get to that but tell me our british fans still buy the tickets yes large numbers decent numbers here and. there was a moment among leaders in europe oh that's amazing but those are also a lot of talk about royal family not coming after this cripple incident and obviously british officials not coming and some of the european politicians also said there were income does that i don't know take away from the status of this tournament it doesn't force every fan.