for more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galut seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nationalists b.-o. un founded in one nine hundred twenty nine this organization had an ultimate goal of creating an ethnically pure independent ukraine and considered terror an acceptable tool for achieving their ends their official flag was black and red bland and blood it will remain in ukraine's history long after the o. un will cease to exist in early one nine hundred forty the most radical nationalistic part of the organization of ukrainian nationalists got its own leader step on bond era severely anti semitic an anti communist he proclaimed an independent ukraine in one nine hundred forty one. his german allies frowned upon

such an act of self will and it landed him in prison for nearly all the second world war not participating in the events physically bun darragh still managed to successfully spread his ideology many independent historians estimate that the zero un militia exterminated from one hundred fifty to two hundred thousand jews on ukrainian territory occupied by the germans by the end of one nine hundred forty one. the most notorious and outrageous massacre took place september twenty ninth and thirtieth nineteen forty one in babi yar kiev. of the city of kiev and its vicinity must appear on monday september twenty ninth by eight o'clock in the morning. bring documents money and valuables and also warm clothing linen and cetera. they

need not follow this order and are found elsewhere will be shot. thirty three thousand seven hundred seventy one jews were killed in this two day operation of the nazis and ukrainian militia. another outrageous massacre was carried out by the ukrainian insurgent army and the bond era faction of the organization of ukrainian nationalists in german occupied polish foligno and eastern between one nine hundred forty three and one nine hundred forty four this genocide of poles was led by me call eleven thirty five thousand to sixty thousand people in vali nya and twenty five to forty thousand eastern galaxia fell victim to this massive ethnic cleansing operation. sensing the inevitable loss of the german troops the organization of ukrainian nationalists gave up on their former ally and began fighting equally

against the germans and the soviet forces. in january nine hundred forty three u.s.s.r. troops started pushing the nazis back liberating one part of ukraine after another . western ukraine was the last ukrainian region held by the germans finally being liberated in october of one nine hundred forty four. bands continue to wage their guerrilla war against the soviet regime carrying out bloody raids on ukrainian villages and towns and leaving behind chaos and casualties. this war went on until the middle of the one nine hundred fifty s. when the last collaborators were either detained or fled the country. on may seventh one thousand nine hundred forty five germany unconditionally surrendered to the allies ukraine remained a part of the soviet union feel its. the peace after the

second world war was short lived. the united states and the soviet union nations who allied together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. the war hawks selling you on the idea that dropping bombs brings peace to the chicken hawks forcing you to fight the battles of. the new socks for the tell you that celebrity gossip the tabloids buy a child porn. off the bad news help you on pulling out and buy their products. all the hawks that we along with all of what.

seemed wrong all along just don't all. get to shape out these days because etiquette and indeed treatment equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart. just to look for common ground. the era of political and military tensions between the us and the u.s.s.r. lasted for nearly forty five years keeping humanity under the constant threat of nuclear war. in this battle the united states never lost sight of ukraine's importance. the u.s.

intelligence kept a close eye on ukrainian nationalist organizations as a possible source of counter intelligence against the soviet union. cia documents that just recently have been declassified shows strong ties between u.s. intelligence and ukrainian nationalists since one thousand nine hundred forty six from the cia agency report it is clear that they were not mistaken about the nature of ukrainian nationalists organizations or their leader stefan bond dare i himself according to an o.s.'s report of september one thousand nine hundred forty five bundy era had earned a fierce reputation for conducting a reign of terror during world war two after the second world war under another ukrainian nazi leaders fled to europe where the cia helped them hide. the cia later inform the immigration and naturalization service that it had concealed steffen bond darragh and other ukrainians from the soviets and the operations involving

ukrainians continued for many years the nuremberg trials of one thousand nine hundred forty five in one nine hundred forty six brought the political economic and military leaders of fascist germany to justice and revealed to the world the monstrous face of naziism and the crimes they committed but the ukrainian nazis were spared the same fate and some were even granted indulgences by the cia by nine hundred fifty four the agency excused the illegal activities of the zero un security branch. in the name of cold war necessity in one nine hundred forty nine nicola levitt the man responsible for the massacres in the lena was moved to the united states where he died in one thousand nine hundred eighty nine without ever being investigated or pursued as a war criminal the cia moved to protect ukrainian nationalist leader nicola legged from criminal investigation by the immigration and naturalization service in one

nine hundred fifty two perhaps pantera lost his use to the us or maybe k.g.b. agents outsmarted the cia but in one nine hundred fifty nine step on bond era the leader of the ukrainian nationalists was killed in munich where he was hiding under the name of stefan pople it would be fair to say that bond became a major symbol of ukrainian nationalism by sheer chance for he was neither its only leader nor its most powerful one dimitrov don't solve was the father of the far right to tell a tarion doctrine in ukraine andriy melnyk was the leader of another faction of the un romance you have it was a general of the ukrainian insurgent army and others contributed greatly to the movement bonder as dangerous ideology suppressed by the communist authorities but supported by external forces never really died the seeds of ukrainian nationalism were passed from generation to generation unfortunately it was just a matter of time before they would once again blossom. in one nine hundred fifty

four ukraine's territory was expanded even more when nikita khrushchev the leader of the u.s.s.r. and ukrainian himself generously gave the crimean region to ukraine. historians would argue about the legitimacy of this transfer for many years to come and sixty years after khrushchev's gift dramatic new events would take place in crimea was around the world are on ukraine as a crisis in crimea continues dozens of heavily armed men seize government buildings in crimea shit you crazy. just shrug your shoulders and say ok cried near its last and the old arguments would heat up once again. the cold war would heat up and cool down by turns while both rivals were obsessive leave building up military capacity the turning point took place when the new era perestroika came to the u.s.s.r. with its new leader mikhail gorbachev in the middle of the one nine hundred eighty

s. . perestroika meant restructuring towards liberalisation and democratisation it certainly had a positive impact on the international situation astonishing news from east germany where the east german authorities have said in essence of the berlin wall doesn't mean anything anymore. but inside the u.s.s.r. the weakening of kremlin control had different consequences. in ukraine a nationalistic political organization. or people's movement emerged in one nine hundred eighty nine due to this my openness. they advocated for independence of ukraine from the u.s.s.r. and became an incubator for leaders of ukrainian nazis. in one thousand nine hundred one one of them new book founded svoboda an openly

radical nationalist party preaching the good old principles of bondage era. per jew crane from the jews in russia ukraine for ukrainians and so on his statements got him fifth place in the simon vs and thought center top ten anti semitic world leader rankings of two thousand and twelve. it also sadly attracted numerous phone. dimitri are founded another extreme right organization treason or trident in one thousand nine hundred four. in april two thousand and thirteen became an assistant to a member of parliament from the opposition party who died. later that same year he would become the leader of the most radical ukrainian nazi group the right sector.

laundry paro be would soon appear leading a whole army of ultra nationalist warriors. in the torch marches would once again light up the streets of ukrainian cities. with. the world drastically changed in august one thousand nine hundred one when the u.s.s.r. de facto ceased to exist and the global political map welcomed many newcomers ukraine one of them in modern history it was the first time ukraine was truly independent and all on its own. the red flag came down over the kremlin tonight as president gorbachev resigned and

bought one and seven decades of communist rule in the soviet union. the years after the disintegration of the u.s.s.r. became known as the crazy ninety's in all the post soviet territories. he's leaving behind fifteen independent states which share only a disastrous economy and an uncertain future after having been under a government controlled economy the free market dramatically changed the rules of the game new business has emerged instantly in the first. all the guards were born overnight. the former country with no class division suddenly became stratified the chosen few became rich while the rest had to fight to survive. the same as it was the pollution is a sickness to herschel as. they what does that say us just going you know she still is letting us folks that are still using your street in the water when

you are still in your cell is a plus implosion is a. good. a list in your menu to do a little good reason you know in this day and any chewing you knows me and you know dumbass how you will. post the system i teach to good jewish mysticism and i'm just impressed i'm going to mitchell brains when that eventually you will sell it at the appraisal out of a socialist slush a chicago the people's growing discontent made ukraine more vulnerable to outside forces and a new kind of warfare was launched one not known before the color revolutions. illustrators clashed with police hundreds of thousands protesting the results of the election and calling for a new vote. ukraine has had to color revolutions in its twenty four years of independence in two thousand and four crowds of people descended upon kiev

marking the start of the orange revolution. at that time ukraine became once again a battlefield of two forces the russian and western governments the culmination of this conflict took place during the presidential elections in november of two thousand and four. the two major candidates western backed victoria yuschenko and russian leaning victoriano almost equally shared the votes of ukrainians by the way calling viktor yuschenko western backed is not an exaggeration. his wife. katherina yuschenko is a former u.s. state department official and worked in the white house during the reagan administration the division was along geographic lines traditionally russian eastern ukraine voted for young cove age while western ukraine chose use janko by the announced result viktor yuschenko lost to victory on a covert each but thousands of people didn't agree with it and they came to the

central square of kiev on the twenty second of november. the situation received wide news coverage the country's election commission ignored reports of fraud declaring kremlin backed victory the winner international politicians such as former general secretary of nato javier solana became frequent guests in kiev initiating negotiations between parties in a call very odd with a colleague be able to get. the results of the negotiations however were often reached only on paper thus you shango never told the supporters to stop blocking government buildings in central kiev. and therefore these nonviolent and very orange protests lasted for a month during which time the previous election results were no marred by massive corruption and new elections were announced an important nuance just three months before viktor yuschenko became a victim to

a mysterious and still unsolved poisoning but it didn't prevent him from winning in the new election. though as we shall soon see there was much more than just the people's will that led to this victory this peaceful revolution and its leader world warmly welcomed by the international community but the euphoria didn't last long. change goes government completely failed with reforms and lost its chance to establish democracy instead descending into infighting viktor yuschenko was not reelected for a second term but at the. the end of his presidency he had the time to make one last gift to his supporters from western ukraine. seventy four design submissions. seventy thousand pilings. to join judges. and eight hundred sixty nonstop days of what. the

russian w.b. a champion of it. and a russian pop stuff. show you how. long the crimean bridge was built. witnessed the construction of when you need to transport. that will help the cause of crimea. most of those you know what google for more familiar quite a bit but. most people think to stand out in this business you need to be the first one on top of the story or the person with the loudest voice of the biggest raid in truth to stand down and news business you just need to ask the right questions and demand the right answer.

questions. can tell you i have killed thirteen people with missile strikes and there are one thousand six hundred twenty six unnamed enemies that were killed in all the missions and i completed and i know that i know that for a fact and i know each of these persons was a human they had a family they had friends they had lives and we and the possibilities are.

officially unveils a deal. with. the european commission. to protect european companies from the u.s. sanctions on iran. would make a deal i think going to be very very happy if you look at that model if that model would take place if we don't make a deal with north korea. the choice between. life.

quickly turning into a busy day for worldwide news here on our international we do start this program with breaking news former russian and u.k. spies surrogates prowl he was poisoned with a nerve agent in the u.k. has been discharged from hospital he and his daughter were admitted on march the fourth after exposure to a substance known as norfolk chalk in the city of salzburg script was released from hospital last month with her current whereabouts being kept a secret after the poisoning attack the british and european officials quickly pointed the finger at russia though moscow continues to deny any involvement in that incident. breaking news coming to us from italy where a possible coalition government deal has been officially released for the first

time since the election in march we can go live now as he's a peter all of us standing by for us at this moment peter good to see you us so this deal what can you tell us about it. right well we've had a very good hint to what this deal was going to say for a little while now it had been leaked for the last few days that leak it's worth noting was slammed and criticized in the media as being anti european anti e.u. and pro russian what we've seen in the hour or so we've had to look through the deal as it's been published on facebook where we can get into the details and little while the reason what i can tell you is though that the reason it's been put out on facebook is that if the members of the five star movement agree to it and then their leader has said he will sign it and that will allow the five star movement to go into a coalition government with the league and norden italy will have an actual elected

running government for the first time since that election back on march the fourth now this deal itself though is certainly full of controversy you know the leaked a deal certainly raised a lot of eyebrows as i said the official one has been released now we're currently going through it r.t. produces going through that line by line right now to try and find out how many changes they were what i can tell you on the issue when it spoke about russia in this draft deal well that hasn't changed much at all what it did say is this that italy should view russia not as a threat but as a trading partner also called for the scrapping of sanctions against russia the only real changes in the from the leaked version to the officially released version is in the leak there was is a suggestion that sanctions against russia should be scrapped immediately it says in the official version that they should be scrapped without stressing immediately what what else is in there is a serious plan of reform looking at the. immigration law in in the

european union the dublin treaty they want to see completely overhaul they see that it's unfair for italy at them as it stands the. country where a refugee or my current arrives that's the country they have to register in and it's up to them to finance and look after them amongst other things that are in the in the plan is asking for two hundred fifty billion euros worth of italy's debt to be forgiven by the european central bank that's not a bad ask if you can if you can put it in there there's also talk of a universal wage of seven hundred eighty a month i believe it's set to cost around seventeen billion euro that would mean that everybody would get a wage per month where they worked or not they are going to fund that of course through a massive public spending plan but also with funding from the european union to be

interesting how they go about asking for that it's all just coming out right now we're getting this pretty much in the last hour we'll be back i'll be back certainly later as we go through it and find out what this deal could mean not just for italy but on would how italy works with the rest of the e.u. and what the future holds for that plenty to come more though peter thank you. well meantime a political scientist the wrens are perkily asco things that if the deal is implemented it could cause a political shake up across europe i think the key factor here will be. the actual action of the government will be if the government is in place with this platform so rather than the words written in the agreement i think we'll have to see whether this government. actually starts starts globally starts running the country and which policies it actually tries to put into action so this could have

an impact on other countries both in terms of the rhetoric towards europe and in terms of specific actions from. the european commission has triggered legislation aimed at protecting european companies from u.s. sanctions on iran on wednesday the blocs leaders decided to activate what's called the blocking statute its main purpose is to forbid e.u. companies from complying with the extraterritorial implications of u.s. sanctions also the european commission is allowing the european investment bank to support investment in iran and encouraging member states to explore the possibility of one off bank transfers to the central bank of iran. european union is committed to mitigating the impact of u.s. sanctions on european businesses and taking steps to maintain the growth of trade and economic relations between the e.u. and iran that began when sanctions were lifted. and the blocking statute was created more than two decades ago but has never actually been applied before the

decision was taken after several major companies announced they would be cutting ties with terror ron amid the threat of punishment from washington. well professor mohammad marandi politics professor at the university of tehran joining us here on r.t. international good to see you today do you think e.u. companies working with iran feel sufficiently reassured by this blocking statute or do you expect them to just drop their contracts with iran and run. i think this is an important first step but it is a small step and i don't think the companies yet have the confidence to say in iran the american sanctions are very broad expensive and very direct and it is interesting that the united states has shown zero respect for its own allies even european countries who have always stuck with the united states in the past. with

sanctions. slapped the europeans in the face after tearing up the nuclear agreement because they basically considered their involvement in the negotiations as work with them but now they are threatening these very same countries the british the french and the germans along with everyone else with punishment if they do not buy american demands i think this is a very important moment in natural relations russia china the whole of the international community if they do not step up and step forward and stand up against the united states the united states would use the weaponization of financial institutions against any country that they want well that's a very interesting point you bring up professor marandi because i was just going to ask you where you were told surprised about these potential rumblings in brussels that the e.u. might continue to buy iranian oil but no longer with the petro dollar only with euros so i thought that was a pretty shocking statement. well it is important for you ron as

well i think iran has been complacent in the past two years we should have moved on from the us dollar we should have begun using currencies from china russia the europeans instead of the u.s. dollar and i think this is an important moment in this regard as well other countries that in future that have that may have difficulty with the united states if the united states decides to weaponize the dollar then they will be in grave danger so what the united states is basically doing is that it's replacing its traditional way of destroying countries through military means five destroying countries through prime anshul means and what the united states is attempting to do is to attempting to destroy the iranian economy to kill basically they want to kill iranians to destroy lives but not through bombs and if they fail

basic seed and they will not succeed they will create difficulty but they won't succeed but if they succeed then they will move on to the next country countries like russia countries like china any country that is independent of the united states so this is a very important moment for the whole of the international community including the europeans to make a stand and make sure that the united states does not behave like or trumpet not behave like the global godfather professor marandi what kind of impact do you expect from the new u.s. sanctions to be imposed on iran well i think it's going to definitely cause difficulty for your ordinary iranians the last time around when the americans imposed sanctions very severe and what obama used to call crippling sanctions. large numbers of iranian died in the first two months because they could not find medicine and they imported medicine almost was.